Text paged continuously. ; Part 2, on S.3228 and S.4005. ; Text paged continuously. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Accompanied by "Hearings before the . Sixty-ninth Congress, second session, on S.3228, S4005, and S.4550 ." (2 pt. in 1 v. 23 cm.) Published: Washington, U.S. Govt. print off., 1926-27. Bound with main work.
Island-based states and territories harbour abundant wildlife, are acutely vulnerable to impacts of environmental degradation, and are often deemed non-self-governing due to associations with sovereign metropoles. Addressing environmental issues in these contexts can be dependent on governments having the appropriate authorities to engage in environmental action, but also the capacities needed to do so effectively. This paper develops an empirical analysis of environment and sovereignty in the context of the British Overseas Territories (UKOTs). Focusing on the mediation of sovereign powers for environmental action, the paper presents findings from interviews with representatives of government, civil society and scientific organisations to explore the authorities, needs and capacities for environmental action in the UKOTs and the perceived benefits and limitations that arise from the contextual condition of smallness in some territories. The paper synthesises suggestions for mediating relations of environmental sovereignty going forward in the context of Global Britain. ; peer-reviewed
Over recent decades, the relationship between the United Kingdom (UK) and its Overseas Territories (OTs) has been a generally strong one, with political and economic safeguards in place, bolstered by increasing levels of support from the European Union (EU). Of course there have been strains and tensions in relations, but significant advantages have accrued to the territories. This article takes as its starting-point several key observations made previously by experts in the field and uses them to analyse the condition of relations between the UK and its territories within the context of recent events. In particular, the claim by Godfrey Baldacchino that non-sovereign territories benefit from the support of a "benevolent mainland patron" is considered. Based on a review of recent statements, newspaper articles and policy documents, this article argues that the UK's benevolence to its OTs has been placed under serious pressure by three recent and unrelated events: the UK's decision to leave the EU; its sub-optimal response to the damage caused in several territories by Hurricane Irma; and the resolve of the UK Parliament to impose stricter controls on the OTs' offshore financial sectors. ; peer-reviewed
In 2015, domestic and international creditors were bracing for a historic financial event as the United States territory Puerto Rico teetered on the brink of catastrophic default. After almost a decade of economic headwinds, substantial money-borrowing, and poor fiscal management, Puerto Rico's financial condition was quickly deteriorating. However, the island's legal status as a territory made it impossible for the government to take advantage of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code to renegotiate its debt with institutional investors. After the Supreme Court denied the island's own attempt to construct a restructuring process, Congress finally stepped in and enacted the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act in the summer of 2016. The Act, commonly referred to as PROMESA, creates a novel framework under which Puerto Rico can renegotiate its credit commitments and hopefully regain access to the credit market sometime in the future. In particular, PROMESA creates the Financial Oversight and Management Board (FOMB), which is an independent organization with oversight and approval authority over much of the Puerto Rico bankruptcy process. However, because PROMESA as a legislative act is new and untested, several interesting questions arise as to the law's infrastructure around accountability of entities such as the FOMB. These questions are especially salient as Puerto Rico is the first U.S. territory to become insolvent; therefore, how these bankruptcy proceedings unfold will serve as important precedent for other territories or municipalities that may find themselves bankrupt. This Note focuses on the FOMB and whether stakeholders, such as creditors or Puerto Rican citizens, can judicially challenge the fiscal decisions made by the FOMB throughout this restructuring process. While this Note ultimately concludes that stakeholders may not have a strong legal argument to reverse the FOMB's financial determinations in court, it also proposes that stakeholders may be more successful in appealing to congressional representatives to ensure that their voices are heard and their interests are accounted for throughout these unprecedented proceedings.
Adverse possession has been described as a "debilitating" experience and acts as a "blunt instrument" of necessary legislation in modern society. It is a device that ends litigation. Legislation for abolition would lead to greater societal difficulties. Statistically land theft is rare and given that ownership of property carries a duty an owner should be vigilant. One sentence on the property folio could alert an owner of the danger of inadequate fencing. Although aspects of notification as in the Land Registration Act 2002 may be more desirable. The area of compensation payable to the title holder would be unworkable and could lead to acrimonious disputes. However the value of land does not at present enter into squatter activity although it appears central to the dissenting judgements in Pye . Pye needs to be seen in isolation as a very unusual case. Adverse possession of company land in Ireland is not an issue according to the PRAI. The Statute of Limitations 1957 operates fairly in protecting land ownership. Although land purchased from the public purse should carry the longer recovery period of thirty years, the timeframe of twelve years is adequate in relation to private property. The timing of activity on the ground can be assisted by photographs from the OSi. The Constitution adequately protects private property and better access to justice could be achieved if court costs were tax deductible for individuals as they are for companies. In summary the survey analysis concluded that squatter behaviour is repetitive if left unaddressed. The lack of professionalism amongst those involved in land measurement needs resolution. Suggestions in relation to the use of GPS satellite maps in the Green Paper Proposing Reform of Boundary Surveys could lead to confusion and in the wrong hands further land theft. A better proposition would be to utilise the OSi mapping that dates back to the early 19th century combined with a moderate archaeological survey. Overall the doctrine of adverse possession is an essential mechanism acting to stabilise title and has traditionally worked well although sometimes unfairly.
This paper addresses the concept of koinōnia discussed in Plato's Republic. It focuses on the specific ways the term enters the discussion about social organisation within the guardian class, such as the proposal for abolishing a nuclear family in favour of the community of wives and children. The paper aims to reveal the psychological basis connecting Plato's socio-economic proposals to his principal ethical and political concerns. It examines (i) the argument supporting the proposals of the social organisation of the guardians, (ii) the psychological background of these proposals, (iii) the socio-cultural context against which these proposals are defined and (iv) the position of these considerations in the broader scheme of Plato's thought. ; Este trabajo aborda el concepto de koinōnía discutido en la República de Platón. Se enfoca en las formas específicas en las que el término se introduce en la discusión sobre la organización social al interior de la clase de los guardianes, tal como la propuesta de abolir la familia nuclear a favor de la comunidad de esposas e hijos. Este artículo pretende revelar la base psicológica que conecta las propuestas socioeconómicas de Platón con sus preocupaciones éticas y políticas. Se examinará (i) el argumento que sustenta las propuestas de la organización social de los guardianes, (ii) el trasfondo psicológico de dichas propuestas, (iii) el contexto sociocultural frente al cual estas se definen y (iv) el lugar que ocupan estas consideraciones en el marco más amplio del pensamiento platónico.
Recommendation of the Interior Department on House Joint Resolution 245 authorizing the Fish and Wildlife Service to conduct a survey of the marine and fresh-water fishery resources of the U.S., its territories, and possessions. ; "April 4, 1944". ; At head of title: No. 67. ; Caption title. ; Recommendation of the Interior Department on House Joint Resolution 245 authorizing the Fish and Wildlife Service to conduct a survey of the marine and fresh-water fishery resources of the U.S., its territories, and possessions. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Territories and their interdependencies are experiencing a reorganization in the wake of globalization. Traditional North-South divides are becoming blurred and new dynamics are at work in the context of pressing global challenges, such as climate change, and of structural changes such as population growth, urbanization and their impact on resources. This chapter presents an overview of the main global challenges that are currently affecting territories and their evolutive trajectories, whether local, regional or national. We focus in particular on Africa, illustrating how economic dynamics are accompanied by the emergence or reinforcement of territorial disparities.
International audience ; The massive growth of unemployment has been mobilising more and more forces and the local communities are becoming increasingly involved in professional integration schemes. Owing to the increasing variety of the bodies involved and to the evolution of their modes of action, the geography of integration and employment policies is characterised by its complexity ; with their uneven geographical distribution - they are more numerous and diverse in urban areas - the opportunities for professional integration provided by the economic forces reflect the local economic structures and the varying degree of mobilisation of the social forces. The policy of integration has thus generated its own boundaries, which must now be brought into line with each other and adapted to the needs of local management. Because of the partnerships they rely on, the current systems are creating new territories. The projects of local, social development that are conducted for the sake of citizenship also present risks of withdrawal into one's own local area and, therefore, of social exclusion. ; De la diversification des acteurs impliqués dans la lutte contre le chômage et de l'évolution des formes d'intervention, découle une géographie des politiques de l'emploi marquée par la complexité : inégalement répartie dans l'espace, plus importante et plus variée en milieu urbain, l'offre d'insertion par l'économique est le reflet des structures économiques locales et de l'inégale mobilisation des acteurs ; l'insertion a créé ses propres découpages qu'il s'agit aujourd'hui de mettre en cohérence et d'adapter aux besoins d'une gestion de proximité ; par les partenariats sur lesquels ils reposent, les dispositifs actuels sont créateurs de territoires. Les projets de développement social local qui sont pilotés au nom de la citoyenneté comportent aussi des risques de repli sur l'espace de proximité, et donc d'exclusion.
International audience ; The massive growth of unemployment has been mobilising more and more forces and the local communities are becoming increasingly involved in professional integration schemes. Owing to the increasing variety of the bodies involved and to the evolution of their modes of action, the geography of integration and employment policies is characterised by its complexity ; with their uneven geographical distribution - they are more numerous and diverse in urban areas - the opportunities for professional integration provided by the economic forces reflect the local economic structures and the varying degree of mobilisation of the social forces. The policy of integration has thus generated its own boundaries, which must now be brought into line with each other and adapted to the needs of local management. Because of the partnerships they rely on, the current systems are creating new territories. The projects of local, social development that are conducted for the sake of citizenship also present risks of withdrawal into one's own local area and, therefore, of social exclusion. ; De la diversification des acteurs impliqués dans la lutte contre le chômage et de l'évolution des formes d'intervention, découle une géographie des politiques de l'emploi marquée par la complexité : inégalement répartie dans l'espace, plus importante et plus variée en milieu urbain, l'offre d'insertion par l'économique est le reflet des structures économiques locales et de l'inégale mobilisation des acteurs ; l'insertion a créé ses propres découpages qu'il s'agit aujourd'hui de mettre en cohérence et d'adapter aux besoins d'une gestion de proximité ; par les partenariats sur lesquels ils reposent, les dispositifs actuels sont créateurs de territoires. Les projets de développement social local qui sont pilotés au nom de la citoyenneté comportent aussi des risques de repli sur l'espace de proximité, et donc d'exclusion.
International audience ; The massive growth of unemployment has been mobilising more and more forces and the local communities are becoming increasingly involved in professional integration schemes. Owing to the increasing variety of the bodies involved and to the evolution of their modes of action, the geography of integration and employment policies is characterised by its complexity ; with their uneven geographical distribution - they are more numerous and diverse in urban areas - the opportunities for professional integration provided by the economic forces reflect the local economic structures and the varying degree of mobilisation of the social forces. The policy of integration has thus generated its own boundaries, which must now be brought into line with each other and adapted to the needs of local management. Because of the partnerships they rely on, the current systems are creating new territories. The projects of local, social development that are conducted for the sake of citizenship also present risks of withdrawal into one's own local area and, therefore, of social exclusion. ; De la diversification des acteurs impliqués dans la lutte contre le chômage et de l'évolution des formes d'intervention, découle une géographie des politiques de l'emploi marquée par la complexité : inégalement répartie dans l'espace, plus importante et plus variée en milieu urbain, l'offre d'insertion par l'économique est le reflet des structures économiques locales et de l'inégale mobilisation des acteurs ; l'insertion a créé ses propres découpages qu'il s'agit aujourd'hui de mettre en cohérence et d'adapter aux besoins d'une gestion de proximité ; par les partenariats sur lesquels ils reposent, les dispositifs actuels sont créateurs de territoires. Les projets de développement social local qui sont pilotés au nom de la citoyenneté comportent aussi des risques de repli sur l'espace de proximité, et donc d'exclusion.
International audience ; The massive growth of unemployment has been mobilising more and more forces and the local communities are becoming increasingly involved in professional integration schemes. Owing to the increasing variety of the bodies involved and to the evolution of their modes of action, the geography of integration and employment policies is characterised by its complexity ; with their uneven geographical distribution - they are more numerous and diverse in urban areas - the opportunities for professional integration provided by the economic forces reflect the local economic structures and the varying degree of mobilisation of the social forces. The policy of integration has thus generated its own boundaries, which must now be brought into line with each other and adapted to the needs of local management. Because of the partnerships they rely on, the current systems are creating new territories. The projects of local, social development that are conducted for the sake of citizenship also present risks of withdrawal into one's own local area and, therefore, of social exclusion. ; De la diversification des acteurs impliqués dans la lutte contre le chômage et de l'évolution des formes d'intervention, découle une géographie des politiques de l'emploi marquée par la complexité : inégalement répartie dans l'espace, plus importante et plus variée en milieu urbain, l'offre d'insertion par l'économique est le reflet des structures économiques locales et de l'inégale mobilisation des acteurs ; l'insertion a créé ses propres découpages qu'il s'agit aujourd'hui de mettre en cohérence et d'adapter aux besoins d'une gestion de proximité ; par les partenariats sur lesquels ils reposent, les dispositifs actuels sont créateurs de territoires. Les projets de développement social local qui sont pilotés au nom de la citoyenneté comportent aussi des risques de repli sur l'espace de proximité, et donc d'exclusion.
