Suchergebnisse

Abstract. Background: It is a peculiar fact that the deadliest psychiatric disturbance – suicidality – cannot be formally diagnosed. Suicidal behavior disorder (SBD), a condition for further study in the DSM-5, is the field's first attempt to capture suicidality in a diagnosis. Aims: To provoke discussion about the standing of suicidality as a diagnosable psychiatric condition. Method: I present pragmatic and conceptual rationales for why a diagnosis of suicidality is clinically useful but conclude that SBD does little to aid clinicians in assessing suicidality's symptoms, planning treatment, or monitoring progress. Results: To improve the clinical utility of SBD, I re-conceptualize it from the vantage point of descriptive psychiatry. I hypothesize that this revised SBD is an independent, episodic, and frequently co-occurring condition and propose new cognitive, affective, and behavioral criteria that more completely capture the phenomenology of suicidality. Conclusion: The revised SBD is a starting place for dialogue about whether a clinically significant presentation of suicidality is a mental illness and, if it is, what its defining features should be.

Suicidal behavior is a leading cause of injury and death worldwide. Information about the epidemiology of such behavior is important for policy-making and prevention. The authors reviewed government data on suicide and suicidal behavior and conducted a systematic review of studies on the epidemiology of suicide published from 1997 to 2007. The authors' aims were to examine the prevalence of, trends in, and risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior in the United States and cross-nationally. The data revealed significant cross-national variability in the prevalence of suicidal behavior but consistency in age of onset, transition probabilities, and key risk factors. Suicide is more prevalent among men, whereas nonfatal suicidal behaviors are more prevalent among women and persons who are young, are unmarried, or have a psychiatric disorder. Despite an increase in the treatment of suicidal persons over the past decade, incidence rates of suicidal behavior have remained largely unchanged. Most epidemiologic research on suicidal behavior has focused on patterns and correlates of prevalence. The next generation of studies must examine synergistic effects among modifiable risk and protective factors. New studies must incorporate recent advances in survey methods and clinical assessment. Results should be used in ongoing efforts to decrease the significant loss of life caused by suicidal behavior.

Global suicide / Varnik, P.; Wasserman, D -- Suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and completed suicide in adolescents : neurobiological aspects / Sarchiapone, M.; D'Aulerio, M.; Iosue, M -- Serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems in suicide / Dwivedi, Y -- GABA, depression and suicide / Pabba, M.; Sibille, E -- Genetics of suicidal behavior / Giegling, I.; Rujescu, D -- Gene-environment interaction studies in suicidal behaviour / Mandelli, L.; Serretti, A -- Epigenetics of suicidal behaviour / Turecki, G -- Neurocognitive processes and decision making in suicidal behaviour / Richard-Devantoy, S.; Courtet, P -- Electroencephalographic risk markers of suicidal behaviour / Hodgkinson, S.; Steyer, J.; Kaschka, W.P.; Jandl, M -- Neuroimaging of suicidal behavior / Jollant, F -- Inflammation and suicidal behavior / Postolache, T.T.; Manalai, P.; Brenner, L.A.; Brundin, L -- The contributions of lithium and clozapine for the prophylaxis and treatment of suicidal behavior / Müller-Oerlinghausen, B.; Lewitzka, U -- Challenges for future research and closing remarks / Rujescu, D.; Kaschka, I.N.; Kaschka, W.P

Using semistructured interviews, 35 incarcerated Middle Eastern terrorists have been interviewed -- 21 Islamic terrorists representing Hamas (& its armed wing Izz a-Din al Qassan), Islamic Jihad, & Hizballah, & 14 secular terrorists from Fatah & its military wing, PFLP & DFLP. The purpose of the research was to understand their psychology & decision making in general, & with special reference to their propensity toward weapons of mass destruction. Adapted from the source document.