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The article deals with the scientific activities of professor Eber Landau carried out in Estonia, Lithuania and Switzerland. Professor E. Landau was born November 8, 1878, in a merchant's family in Rezekne, Latvia. On leaving a classical high school in Riga, E. Landau studied at the Medical Faculty of Tartu University, graduating it in 1902. Later he improved his qualification in histology and anatomy at Villafrenk Zoology station, at the Histology Laboratory in Munich, and in St. Petersburg under the guidance of professor P. Leshaft. In 1906–1912 Landau worked as a prosector assistant at the Anatomy Institute, headed by professor A. Rauber, Tartu University. In 1912 he was elected a director of the Anthropology Institute, Tartu. On the outbreak of the First World War, E. Landau, as a Russian citizen, was called to the army and served as a neurologist and psychiatrist in Paris military hospitals. In 1918, E. Landau returned to Bern and for 5 years worked at the Anatomy Institute headed by prof. H. Strasner. In December 1, 1923, E. Landau moved to Kaunas University. Here he established the Department of Histology and Embryology and headed the Department till 1932. From 1932 till 1950 Eber Landau worked as a professor at the University of Lausanne. Professor E. Landau retired in 1950, but he still continued his research work in the field of neurohistology. Professor E. Landau died October 30, 1959. He left behind him an ample scientific heritage: 175 scientific publications and 12 doctoral theses done under his guidance.

The article deals with the scientific activities of professor Eber Landau carried out in Estonia, Lithuania and Switzerland. Professor E. Landau was born November 8, 1878, in a merchant's family in Rezekne, Latvia. On leaving a classical high school in Riga, E. Landau studied at the Medical Faculty of Tartu University, graduating it in 1902. Later he improved his qualification in histology and anatomy at Villafrenk Zoology station, at the Histology Laboratory in Munich, and in St. Petersburg under the guidance of professor P. Leshaft. In 1906–1912 Landau worked as a prosector assistant at the Anatomy Institute, headed by professor A. Rauber, Tartu University. In 1912 he was elected a director of the Anthropology Institute, Tartu. On the outbreak of the First World War, E. Landau, as a Russian citizen, was called to the army and served as a neurologist and psychiatrist in Paris military hospitals. In 1918, E. Landau returned to Bern and for 5 years worked at the Anatomy Institute headed by prof. H. Strasner. In December 1, 1923, E. Landau moved to Kaunas University. Here he established the Department of Histology and Embryology and headed the Department till 1932. From 1932 till 1950 Eber Landau worked as a professor at the University of Lausanne. Professor E. Landau retired in 1950, but he still continued his research work in the field of neurohistology. Professor E. Landau died October 30, 1959. He left behind him an ample scientific heritage: 175 scientific publications and 12 doctoral theses done under his guidance.

120 disabled students took part in the research. The research showed that 48 percent of the respondents described the process socialization and integration of the disabled persons to the society as slow or too slow; 41percento the respondents asserted that the process is taking place at a medium level; every tenth or eleven respondent said that one haven't noticed such a process at all. The majority of the responded indicated, that the present model of social politics that refers to the disabled is much better than! previous one that was before the country regained its independence. The attitude of the disabled students towards the integration of the disabled remains critical in the learning institutions.

120 disabled students took part in the research. The research showed that 48 percent of the respondents described the process socialization and integration of the disabled persons to the society as slow or too slow; 41percento the respondents asserted that the process is taking place at a medium level; every tenth or eleven respondent said that one haven't noticed such a process at all. The majority of the responded indicated, that the present model of social politics that refers to the disabled is much better than! previous one that was before the country regained its independence. The attitude of the disabled students towards the integration of the disabled remains critical in the learning institutions.

Crimes against Humanity is one of the most dynamic categories in the International Criminal Law since it first appearance in the Charter of Nuremberg Military Tribunal in 1945 as an outgrowth of the war crimes. The concept of crimes against humanity in the Charter of Nuremberg Military Tribunal may be characterised by the following elements: crimes shall be carried out towards any civilian population, crimes can be carried out by the civil or military officers or actual agents of the state (policy element), crimes may be committed during the war or in peace time however such crimes requires conjunction with war crimes or crimes against peace. The concept of the crimes against humanity in later sources has developed steadily towards overall protection of fundamental human rights of civil population. First way of development concerns the elements and qualification criteria. First of all the conjunction between crimes against humanity and war crimes has been eliminated. It made crimes against humanity as an independent criminal category. Said development has been affirmed by the Rome Statute of International Criminal Court and were reflected in the Statute of International Criminal Tribunal for the Rwanda (ICTR) and UN Draft Code of Offences Against Peace and Security of Mankind. The jurisprudence of International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) has significantly amended the element of policy. It was established that crimes against humanity may be carried out by the organisation or political group which controls territory and performs civil, military, politic administration de facto as well. The United Nations Draft Code of the Offences Against Peace and Security of Mankind in 1991 has introduced two alternative qualification criteria: requirement of large scale or systematic actions. Large scale (or widespread) criteria has been introduced in order to eliminate an isolated inhumane act committed by a perpetrator acting on his own initiative and directed against a single or couple of victims. According to the said criteria crimes against humanity may be committed only as an massive, frequent, large scale action carried out collectively with considerable seriousness directed against multiplicity of victims. Systematic criteria means that crimes against humanity shall be result of systematic actions as a thoroughly organised and following a regular pattern on the basis of a common policy involving substantial public or private resources. ; Nusikaltimai žmoniškumui yra viena iš dinamiškiausių tarptautinės baudžiamosios teisės kategorijų. Ši sąvoka pirmą kartą buvo pavartota 1945 m. Niurnbergo karo tribunolo įstatuose išplėstiniam karo nusikaltimui įvardyti, tačiau ilgainiui buvo papildoma ir tapo savarankiškesnė. Niurnbergo tribunolo įstatuose pateiktą sąvoką galima apibūdinti šiais požymiais: nusikaltimai žmoniškumui gali būti įvykdyti prieš bet kokius civilius gyventojus tiek taikos, tiek karo metu, juos įvykdyti gali civilinės arba karinės valdžios pareigūnai, arba faktiniai agentai (politikos elementas), jų kvalifikacijai būtina sąsaja su karo nusikaltimais arba nusikaltimais taikai. Nusikaltimų žmoniškumui sąvoka plėtojosi dviem kryptimis. Pirmoji plėtros kryptis apėmė nusikaltimų žmoniškumui požymių ir kvalifikavimo kriterijų pokyčius. Pirmiausia buvo atsisakyta reikalavimo, kad nusikaltimų žmoniškumui kvalifikavimas turi būti siejamas su karo nusikaltimais arba nusikaltimais taikai. Šis pokytis lėmė nusikaltimų žmoniškumui kaip savarankiško nusikaltimo atsiradimą. Šią traktuotę patvirtino ir vėliausias tarptautinės baudžiamosios teisės šaltinis – Tarptautinio baudžiamojo teismo Romos statutas, ji taip pat atsispindėjo Jungtinių tautų nusikaltimų taikai ir žmonijos saugumui kodekso projekte, Tarptautinio tribunolo asmenims, atsakingiems už genocidą ir kitus sunkius tarptautinės humanitarinės teisės pažeidimus Ruandos teritorijoje teisti (Ruandos tribunolo) statute.