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Objective: During the interwar period, the healthcare system in Europe experienced a dramatic transformation. It was perceived that preventive medicine was no less important than curative medicine. Moreover, without proper prevention of the so-called social diseases, all later therapeutic measures were expensive and ineffective. The former battle against the consequences was replaced by measures targeting the causes. The fight against social diseases involved a state-owned strategy and a broad arsenal of measures. The University's scholars also took part in this process. Our study revealed that the significance of the disease prevention in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Stephen Bathory was well understood. Moreover, the treatment was not segregated from hygiene as strictly as it is today. Many hygienists as well as clinicians contributed to the development of preventive mechanisms. The broad specialization of doctors enabled them to see not only biomedical, but also social and economic aspects of a disease. Hygienists and doctors encouraged cooperation and coordination of their activities with the central and local authorities as well as education of the local population. The progress of medical science in Europe and the World, as well as the Soviet ideology in Eastern Europe distracted doctors from the search for the etiology of social illness. Biomedical treatment had become much more effective, and the development of social hygiene research in Eastern Europe had experienced stagnation. For ideological reasons the disease etiology in the Soviet bloc could not be associated with social factors. Social hygiene in the Soviet Union was highly politicized; it could only be interpreted in a frame of Soviet models. The healthcare system that had been created in the Soviet Union was named as the best in the world. The actual medical statistics were concealed from the public, since their logical interpretation could reveal the social causes of illnesses and the disadvantages of the soviet system. Sometimes we must return to basic ideas to improve current public health mechanisms. It is worth reconsidering fundamental questions, i.e. what public health is and how to achieve it. The breadth of the approach of the interwar Vilnius hygienists and doctors, the sensitivity to the social origins of diseases and persistence in combating them by all possible means could serve as an example for today's doctors. At that time, hygienists approached the idea that the highest goal of prevention was to create a healthy environment, healthy living and working conditions. Although today we live in a much safer environment than those individuals did, new threats are emerging because of changing technology and lifestyle. The broad approach of physicians remains equally important in order not only to combat individual precedents, but also to overcome the preconditions for emerging precedents. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to reveal the theoretical patterns of hygiene and public health established by the hygienists of the Vilnius Hygiene Department as well as the attempts to apply them in practice. Methods: The study was conducted by analyzing the primary and secondary historical sources using the comparative method. A lot of data from the Lietuvos Centrinis Valstybės Archyvas (Lithuanian Central State Archives) that had been used in this research were published for the first time. According to the original archival data, an analysis of the scientific publications of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Stephen Bathory was made to find out the priorities of the research carried out at that time. Conclusions: The complicated economic conditions, the lack of support from the local and central government as well as the imperfections in health legislation of that time hindered the full implementation of the hygienist strategies of the University of Stephen Bathory. However, the activities of the Department of Hygiene of Stephen Bathory University had a significant impact on the development of hygiene science as well as medical practice in the Vilnius region during the Interwar period (1919–1939).

Objective: During the interwar period, the healthcare system in Europe experienced a dramatic transformation. It was perceived that preventive medicine was no less important than curative medicine. Moreover, without proper prevention of the so-called social diseases, all later therapeutic measures were expensive and ineffective. The former battle against the consequences was replaced by measures targeting the causes. The fight against social diseases involved a state-owned strategy and a broad arsenal of measures. The University's scholars also took part in this process. Our study revealed that the significance of the disease prevention in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Stephen Bathory was well understood. Moreover, the treatment was not segregated from hygiene as strictly as it is today. Many hygienists as well as clinicians contributed to the development of preventive mechanisms. The broad specialization of doctors enabled them to see not only biomedical, but also social and economic aspects of a disease. Hygienists and doctors encouraged cooperation and coordination of their activities with the central and local authorities as well as education of the local population. The progress of medical science in Europe and the World, as well as the Soviet ideology in Eastern Europe distracted doctors from the search for the etiology of social illness. Biomedical treatment had become much more effective, and the development of social hygiene research in Eastern Europe had experienced stagnation. For ideological reasons the disease etiology in the Soviet bloc could not be associated with social factors. Social hygiene in the Soviet Union was highly politicized; it could only be interpreted in a frame of Soviet models. The healthcare system that had been created in the Soviet Union was named as the best in the world. The actual medical statistics were concealed from the public, since their logical interpretation could reveal the social causes of illnesses and the disadvantages of the soviet system. Sometimes we must return to basic ideas to improve current public health mechanisms. It is worth reconsidering fundamental questions, i.e. what public health is and how to achieve it. The breadth of the approach of the interwar Vilnius hygienists and doctors, the sensitivity to the social origins of diseases and persistence in combating them by all possible means could serve as an example for today's doctors. At that time, hygienists approached the idea that the highest goal of prevention was to create a healthy environment, healthy living and working conditions. Although today we live in a much safer environment than those individuals did, new threats are emerging because of changing technology and lifestyle. The broad approach of physicians remains equally important in order not only to combat individual precedents, but also to overcome the preconditions for emerging precedents. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to reveal the theoretical patterns of hygiene and public health established by the hygienists of the Vilnius Hygiene Department as well as the attempts to apply them in practice. Methods: The study was conducted by analyzing the primary and secondary historical sources using the comparative method. A lot of data from the Lietuvos Centrinis Valstybės Archyvas (Lithuanian Central State Archives) that had been used in this research were published for the first time. According to the original archival data, an analysis of the scientific publications of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Stephen Bathory was made to find out the priorities of the research carried out at that time. Conclusions: The complicated economic conditions, the lack of support from the local and central government as well as the imperfections in health legislation of that time hindered the full implementation of the hygienist strategies of the University of Stephen Bathory. However, the activities of the Department of Hygiene of Stephen Bathory University had a significant impact on the development of hygiene science as well as medical practice in the Vilnius region during the Interwar period (1919–1939).

Objective: During the interwar period, the healthcare system in Europe experienced a dramatic transformation. It was perceived that preventive medicine was no less important than curative medicine. Moreover, without proper prevention of the so-called social diseases, all later therapeutic measures were expensive and ineffective. The former battle against the consequences was replaced by measures targeting the causes. The fight against social diseases involved a state-owned strategy and a broad arsenal of measures. The University's scholars also took part in this process. Our study revealed that the significance of the disease prevention in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Stephen Bathory was well understood. Moreover, the treatment was not segregated from hygiene as strictly as it is today. Many hygienists as well as clinicians contributed to the development of preventive mechanisms. The broad specialization of doctors enabled them to see not only biomedical, but also social and economic aspects of a disease. Hygienists and doctors encouraged cooperation and coordination of their activities with the central and local authorities as well as education of the local population. The progress of medical science in Europe and the World, as well as the Soviet ideology in Eastern Europe distracted doctors from the search for the etiology of social illness. Biomedical treatment had become much more effective, and the development of social hygiene research in Eastern Europe had experienced stagnation. For ideological reasons the disease etiology in the Soviet bloc could not be associated with social factors. Social hygiene in the Soviet Union was highly politicized; it could only be interpreted in a frame of Soviet models. The healthcare system that had been created in the Soviet Union was named as the best in the world. The actual medical statistics were concealed from the public, since their logical interpretation could reveal the social causes of illnesses and the disadvantages of the soviet system. Sometimes we must return to basic ideas to improve current public health mechanisms. It is worth reconsidering fundamental questions, i.e. what public health is and how to achieve it. The breadth of the approach of the interwar Vilnius hygienists and doctors, the sensitivity to the social origins of diseases and persistence in combating them by all possible means could serve as an example for today's doctors. At that time, hygienists approached the idea that the highest goal of prevention was to create a healthy environment, healthy living and working conditions. Although today we live in a much safer environment than those individuals did, new threats are emerging because of changing technology and lifestyle. The broad approach of physicians remains equally important in order not only to combat individual precedents, but also to overcome the preconditions for emerging precedents. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to reveal the theoretical patterns of hygiene and public health established by the hygienists of the Vilnius Hygiene Department as well as the attempts to apply them in practice. Methods: The study was conducted by analyzing the primary and secondary historical sources using the comparative method. A lot of data from the Lietuvos Centrinis Valstybės Archyvas (Lithuanian Central State Archives) that had been used in this research were published for the first time. According to the original archival data, an analysis of the scientific publications of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Stephen Bathory was made to find out the priorities of the research carried out at that time. Conclusions: The complicated economic conditions, the lack of support from the local and central government as well as the imperfections in health legislation of that time hindered the full implementation of the hygienist strategies of the University of Stephen Bathory. However, the activities of the Department of Hygiene of Stephen Bathory University had a significant impact on the development of hygiene science as well as medical practice in the Vilnius region during the Interwar period (1919–1939).

Objective: During the interwar period, the healthcare system in Europe experienced a dramatic transformation. It was perceived that preventive medicine was no less important than curative medicine. Moreover, without proper prevention of the so-called social diseases, all later therapeutic measures were expensive and ineffective. The former battle against the consequences was replaced by measures targeting the causes. The fight against social diseases involved a state-owned strategy and a broad arsenal of measures. The University's scholars also took part in this process. Our study revealed that the significance of the disease prevention in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Stephen Bathory was well understood. Moreover, the treatment was not segregated from hygiene as strictly as it is today. Many hygienists as well as clinicians contributed to the development of preventive mechanisms. The broad specialization of doctors enabled them to see not only biomedical, but also social and economic aspects of a disease. Hygienists and doctors encouraged cooperation and coordination of their activities with the central and local authorities as well as education of the local population. The progress of medical science in Europe and the World, as well as the Soviet ideology in Eastern Europe distracted doctors from the search for the etiology of social illness. Biomedical treatment had become much more effective, and the development of social hygiene research in Eastern Europe had experienced stagnation. For ideological reasons the disease etiology in the Soviet bloc could not be associated with social factors. Social hygiene in the Soviet Union was highly politicized; it could only be interpreted in a frame of Soviet models. The healthcare system that had been created in the Soviet Union was named as the best in the world. The actual medical statistics were concealed from the public, since their logical interpretation could reveal the social causes of illnesses and the disadvantages of the soviet system. Sometimes we must return to basic ideas to improve current public health mechanisms. It is worth reconsidering fundamental questions, i.e. what public health is and how to achieve it. The breadth of the approach of the interwar Vilnius hygienists and doctors, the sensitivity to the social origins of diseases and persistence in combating them by all possible means could serve as an example for today's doctors. At that time, hygienists approached the idea that the highest goal of prevention was to create a healthy environment, healthy living and working conditions. Although today we live in a much safer environment than those individuals did, new threats are emerging because of changing technology and lifestyle. The broad approach of physicians remains equally important in order not only to combat individual precedents, but also to overcome the preconditions for emerging precedents. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to reveal the theoretical patterns of hygiene and public health established by the hygienists of the Vilnius Hygiene Department as well as the attempts to apply them in practice. Methods: The study was conducted by analyzing the primary and secondary historical sources using the comparative method. A lot of data from the Lietuvos Centrinis Valstybės Archyvas (Lithuanian Central State Archives) that had been used in this research were published for the first time. According to the original archival data, an analysis of the scientific publications of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Stephen Bathory was made to find out the priorities of the research carried out at that time. Conclusions: The complicated economic conditions, the lack of support from the local and central government as well as the imperfections in health legislation of that time hindered the full implementation of the hygienist strategies of the University of Stephen Bathory. However, the activities of the Department of Hygiene of Stephen Bathory University had a significant impact on the development of hygiene science as well as medical practice in the Vilnius region during the Interwar period (1919–1939).

One of the spheres of health politics is a pharmaceutical regulation of markets. The supply of various markets is increasing and it is important to pay an appropriate attention to the safety of medicine and the security of the quality. Therefore, the regulation, as the set of rules in the context of pharmacy, is actual and necessary. The roles of governments and funds of insurance are complex and different in the regulation of the market. Therefore, there is a need to regulate the pharmaceutical politics of all European governments, especially in the spheres of effectiveness, quality, justice and control of prices. There are no thorough studies that there would be analyzed the cooperation of EU medicine agencies with institutions of Lithuania. There was studied the influence of regulation of EU medicine agencies in the Lithuanian pharmaceutical politics. Thus this work is important both on theoretical and practical attitude. The theoretical importance of the work is achieved by describing the regulation of medicine market in the European context of pharmaceutical politics: there were analyzed the models of the medicine agencies of the European Union, principal provisions of the regulation of pharmacy market, the jus base of medicine control in Europe, the system of pharmaceutical lookout. There is the analysis of medicine regulation institutions of European Union, their functions and accountability towards other countries members. It is the first work of such format in the Lithuanian language. A shift of acts of pharmacy law to national acts of law is analysed in the work, and the institutions, which activity is based on such acts are analysed in the work as well (The Department of Pharmacy and the Agency of State Medicine Control). The practical importance of the work is achieved by performing the qualitative research with the experts of pharmacy. It was tried to find out how official regulation (according to requirements of EU and the national base of law) goes practically. The research revealed institutions, that are responsible for the Lithuanian sector of pharmacy, and manufacturers of medicine which follow The EU jus provisions, that are moved to the national documents such as the Law of Pharmacy, the Law of Competition, the Law of Medicine advertisement, the decrees of Health minister and the inner laws of institutions, decrees, orders, sanctioned forms. There are the advantages when the provisions are realized practically. These advantages are the following: a high quality of medicine that is achieved by the system of pharmaceutical lookout. However, there are disadvantages of the procedures of medicine registration: the lasting of registration procedures, too much requirements for a leaflet and tare of medicine, and too quick shift of requirements. Furthermore, there are no conditions to provide the products that are registered in Lithuania to the European market, as Lithuania has no status of a referential country (there is no a registered, centralized procedure in Lithuania)

One of the spheres of health politics is a pharmaceutical regulation of markets. The supply of various markets is increasing and it is important to pay an appropriate attention to the safety of medicine and the security of the quality. Therefore, the regulation, as the set of rules in the context of pharmacy, is actual and necessary. The roles of governments and funds of insurance are complex and different in the regulation of the market. Therefore, there is a need to regulate the pharmaceutical politics of all European governments, especially in the spheres of effectiveness, quality, justice and control of prices. There are no thorough studies that there would be analyzed the cooperation of EU medicine agencies with institutions of Lithuania. There was studied the influence of regulation of EU medicine agencies in the Lithuanian pharmaceutical politics. Thus this work is important both on theoretical and practical attitude. The theoretical importance of the work is achieved by describing the regulation of medicine market in the European context of pharmaceutical politics: there were analyzed the models of the medicine agencies of the European Union, principal provisions of the regulation of pharmacy market, the jus base of medicine control in Europe, the system of pharmaceutical lookout. There is the analysis of medicine regulation institutions of European Union, their functions and accountability towards other countries members. It is the first work of such format in the Lithuanian language. A shift of acts of pharmacy law to national acts of law is analysed in the work, and the institutions, which activity is based on such acts are analysed in the work as well (The Department of Pharmacy and the Agency of State Medicine Control). The practical importance of the work is achieved by performing the qualitative research with the experts of pharmacy. It was tried to find out how official regulation (according to requirements of EU and the national base of law) goes practically. The research revealed institutions, that are responsible for the Lithuanian sector of pharmacy, and manufacturers of medicine which follow The EU jus provisions, that are moved to the national documents such as the Law of Pharmacy, the Law of Competition, the Law of Medicine advertisement, the decrees of Health minister and the inner laws of institutions, decrees, orders, sanctioned forms. There are the advantages when the provisions are realized practically. These advantages are the following: a high quality of medicine that is achieved by the system of pharmaceutical lookout. However, there are disadvantages of the procedures of medicine registration: the lasting of registration procedures, too much requirements for a leaflet and tare of medicine, and too quick shift of requirements. Furthermore, there are no conditions to provide the products that are registered in Lithuania to the European market, as Lithuania has no status of a referential country (there is no a registered, centralized procedure in Lithuania)

One of the spheres of health politics is a pharmaceutical regulation of markets. The supply of various markets is increasing and it is important to pay an appropriate attention to the safety of medicine and the security of the quality. Therefore, the regulation, as the set of rules in the context of pharmacy, is actual and necessary. The roles of governments and funds of insurance are complex and different in the regulation of the market. Therefore, there is a need to regulate the pharmaceutical politics of all European governments, especially in the spheres of effectiveness, quality, justice and control of prices. There are no thorough studies that there would be analyzed the cooperation of EU medicine agencies with institutions of Lithuania. There was studied the influence of regulation of EU medicine agencies in the Lithuanian pharmaceutical politics. Thus this work is important both on theoretical and practical attitude. The theoretical importance of the work is achieved by describing the regulation of medicine market in the European context of pharmaceutical politics: there were analyzed the models of the medicine agencies of the European Union, principal provisions of the regulation of pharmacy market, the jus base of medicine control in Europe, the system of pharmaceutical lookout. There is the analysis of medicine regulation institutions of European Union, their functions and accountability towards other countries members. It is the first work of such format in the Lithuanian language. A shift of acts of pharmacy law to national acts of law is analysed in the work, and the institutions, which activity is based on such acts are analysed in the work as well (The Department of Pharmacy and the Agency of State Medicine Control). The practical importance of the work is achieved by performing the qualitative research with the experts of pharmacy. It was tried to find out how official regulation (according to requirements of EU and the national base of law) goes practically. The research revealed institutions, that are responsible for the Lithuanian sector of pharmacy, and manufacturers of medicine which follow The EU jus provisions, that are moved to the national documents such as the Law of Pharmacy, the Law of Competition, the Law of Medicine advertisement, the decrees of Health minister and the inner laws of institutions, decrees, orders, sanctioned forms. There are the advantages when the provisions are realized practically. These advantages are the following: a high quality of medicine that is achieved by the system of pharmaceutical lookout. However, there are disadvantages of the procedures of medicine registration: the lasting of registration procedures, too much requirements for a leaflet and tare of medicine, and too quick shift of requirements. Furthermore, there are no conditions to provide the products that are registered in Lithuania to the European market, as Lithuania has no status of a referential country (there is no a registered, centralized procedure in Lithuania)

Expanding the research about the old Vilnius University Library launched by L. Vladimirovas, this article discusses the fact (which has never been mentioned in historiography), about a gift to the burnt library of Åbo Academy, which then belonged to the Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire. In support action, which was organised by the supreme government of Russian Empire, lots of scientific, educational and cultural institutions took part; one of them was Vilnius University. Successful research of official documents, preserved in Lithuanian State Historical Archive (one of them The books of gifts to Vilnius University, 1820–1832), and the Activity daybook (1823–1832) of Vilnius University Library, as well as lists of donated books, preserved in the Library of Helsinki National University (Catalogus librorum qui bis extant in Bibliotheca Caesareae Universitatis Vilnensis) and in Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (Katalog ksiąg dubletowych Biblioteki Uniwesyteckiej Wilenskiej oddanych dla zgorzaley Biblioteki Abowskiej i tamże odeslanych roku 1829 dnia 28 lutego), allowed us to specify chronology of this charity act, discover its effectors in Vilnius, and provide qualitative and quantitative parameters of donated books. It was identified, that the shipment of books delivered from Vilnius no earlier than 1829 February 28, consisted of 1481 volumes, mainly doublet books on different topics, which were deposited to the Helsinki University. Alexander Wictor Bohatkiewicz, a librarian and a bibliographer in Vilnius University Library, played a crucial role in the selection of the books. At present, the best part of the donated books is preserved in the National Library of Helsinki University. Completed research makes a premise to a historical digital reconstruction of the donated collection.

Expanding the research about the old Vilnius University Library launched by L. Vladimirovas, this article discusses the fact (which has never been mentioned in historiography), about a gift to the burnt library of Åbo Academy, which then belonged to the Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire. In support action, which was organised by the supreme government of Russian Empire, lots of scientific, educational and cultural institutions took part; one of them was Vilnius University. Successful research of official documents, preserved in Lithuanian State Historical Archive (one of them The books of gifts to Vilnius University, 1820–1832), and the Activity daybook (1823–1832) of Vilnius University Library, as well as lists of donated books, preserved in the Library of Helsinki National University (Catalogus librorum qui bis extant in Bibliotheca Caesareae Universitatis Vilnensis) and in Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (Katalog ksiąg dubletowych Biblioteki Uniwesyteckiej Wilenskiej oddanych dla zgorzaley Biblioteki Abowskiej i tamże odeslanych roku 1829 dnia 28 lutego), allowed us to specify chronology of this charity act, discover its effectors in Vilnius, and provide qualitative and quantitative parameters of donated books. It was identified, that the shipment of books delivered from Vilnius no earlier than 1829 February 28, consisted of 1481 volumes, mainly doublet books on different topics, which were deposited to the Helsinki University. Alexander Wictor Bohatkiewicz, a librarian and a bibliographer in Vilnius University Library, played a crucial role in the selection of the books. At present, the best part of the donated books is preserved in the National Library of Helsinki University. Completed research makes a premise to a historical digital reconstruction of the donated collection.

Expanding the research about the old Vilnius University Library launched by L. Vladimirovas, this article discusses the fact (which has never been mentioned in historiography), about a gift to the burnt library of Åbo Academy, which then belonged to the Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire. In support action, which was organised by the supreme government of Russian Empire, lots of scientific, educational and cultural institutions took part; one of them was Vilnius University. Successful research of official documents, preserved in Lithuanian State Historical Archive (one of them The books of gifts to Vilnius University, 1820–1832), and the Activity daybook (1823–1832) of Vilnius University Library, as well as lists of donated books, preserved in the Library of Helsinki National University (Catalogus librorum qui bis extant in Bibliotheca Caesareae Universitatis Vilnensis) and in Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (Katalog ksiąg dubletowych Biblioteki Uniwesyteckiej Wilenskiej oddanych dla zgorzaley Biblioteki Abowskiej i tamże odeslanych roku 1829 dnia 28 lutego), allowed us to specify chronology of this charity act, discover its effectors in Vilnius, and provide qualitative and quantitative parameters of donated books. It was identified, that the shipment of books delivered from Vilnius no earlier than 1829 February 28, consisted of 1481 volumes, mainly doublet books on different topics, which were deposited to the Helsinki University. Alexander Wictor Bohatkiewicz, a librarian and a bibliographer in Vilnius University Library, played a crucial role in the selection of the books. At present, the best part of the donated books is preserved in the National Library of Helsinki University. Completed research makes a premise to a historical digital reconstruction of the donated collection.

Expanding the research about the old Vilnius University Library launched by L. Vladimirovas, this article discusses the fact (which has never been mentioned in historiography), about a gift to the burnt library of Åbo Academy, which then belonged to the Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire. In support action, which was organised by the supreme government of Russian Empire, lots of scientific, educational and cultural institutions took part; one of them was Vilnius University. Successful research of official documents, preserved in Lithuanian State Historical Archive (one of them The books of gifts to Vilnius University, 1820–1832), and the Activity daybook (1823–1832) of Vilnius University Library, as well as lists of donated books, preserved in the Library of Helsinki National University (Catalogus librorum qui bis extant in Bibliotheca Caesareae Universitatis Vilnensis) and in Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (Katalog ksiąg dubletowych Biblioteki Uniwesyteckiej Wilenskiej oddanych dla zgorzaley Biblioteki Abowskiej i tamże odeslanych roku 1829 dnia 28 lutego), allowed us to specify chronology of this charity act, discover its effectors in Vilnius, and provide qualitative and quantitative parameters of donated books. It was identified, that the shipment of books delivered from Vilnius no earlier than 1829 February 28, consisted of 1481 volumes, mainly doublet books on different topics, which were deposited to the Helsinki University. Alexander Wictor Bohatkiewicz, a librarian and a bibliographer in Vilnius University Library, played a crucial role in the selection of the books. At present, the best part of the donated books is preserved in the National Library of Helsinki University. Completed research makes a premise to a historical digital reconstruction of the donated collection.

The article was prepared as part of the research project Court Books of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL): A Digital Database, undertaken by the Vilnius University Library in 2011–2014 (VUL, Nr. LIT-5-19). The paper deals with the hitherto unstudied Trakai Castle Court Acts of 1660–1661 (F7-MDGs, 1660–1661) from the VUL collection, and presents Part II of the critical catalogue of manuscripts written in Polish and Ruthenian languages, as well as their descriptions (leaves 210–466). These documents are important for the study of Lithuanian, Polish and Belarusian history, as their contents reflect a broad political, social and cultural panorama of the multilingual GDL society. This feature of the manuscripts enables us to consider them as unique reference books that represent the changing sociolinguistic situation in the GDL.

The article was prepared as part of the research project Court Books of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL): A Digital Database, undertaken by the Vilnius University Library in 2011–2014 (VUL, Nr. LIT-5-19). The paper deals with the hitherto unstudied Trakai Castle Court Acts of 1660–1661 (F7-MDGs, 1660–1661) from the VUL collection, and presents Part II of the critical catalogue of manuscripts written in Polish and Ruthenian languages, as well as their descriptions (leaves 210–466). These documents are important for the study of Lithuanian, Polish and Belarusian history, as their contents reflect a broad political, social and cultural panorama of the multilingual GDL society. This feature of the manuscripts enables us to consider them as unique reference books that represent the changing sociolinguistic situation in the GDL.

The article was prepared as part of the research project Court Books of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL): A Digital Database, undertaken by the Vilnius University Library in 2011–2014 (VUL, Nr. LIT-5-19). The paper deals with the hitherto unstudied Trakai Castle Court Acts of 1660–1661 (F7-MDGs, 1660–1661) from the VUL collection, and presents Part II of the critical catalogue of manuscripts written in Polish and Ruthenian languages, as well as their descriptions (leaves 210–466). These documents are important for the study of Lithuanian, Polish and Belarusian history, as their contents reflect a broad political, social and cultural panorama of the multilingual GDL society. This feature of the manuscripts enables us to consider them as unique reference books that represent the changing sociolinguistic situation in the GDL.

The article was prepared as part of the research project Court Books of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL): A Digital Database, undertaken by the Vilnius University Library in 2011–2014 (VUL, Nr. LIT-5-19). The paper deals with the hitherto unstudied Trakai Castle Court Acts of 1660–1661 (F7-MDGs, 1660–1661) from the VUL collection, and presents Part II of the critical catalogue of manuscripts written in Polish and Ruthenian languages, as well as their descriptions (leaves 210–466). These documents are important for the study of Lithuanian, Polish and Belarusian history, as their contents reflect a broad political, social and cultural panorama of the multilingual GDL society. This feature of the manuscripts enables us to consider them as unique reference books that represent the changing sociolinguistic situation in the GDL.