Suchergebnisse

The European Commission publishes documents containing proposals for Community actions in many different areas. Primarily they are documents addressed to interested parties – organizations and individuals, who are invited to participate in a process of consultation and debate. In some areas, such as education, they provide an impetus for subsequent legislation. These documents, sometimes, follow discussion papers published to launch a consultation process at European level. While discussion papers set out a range of ideas presented for public discussion and debate, document papers contain an official set of proposal in specific areas and are used as vehicles for Community development. The aim of this contribution is to identify through public official European documents some opportunities in the field of education, especially in combating social exclusion, and to assess how important . the teacher's work is in giving students confidence in learning languages. People often speak about "World Peace", but they often don't know how to start turning violence, war, terrorism in to peace actions. Promoting European ideas in the field of education is the first step to develop this aim. My opinion is that school and university must be closely associated in the operation of the EU supporting it with specific programmes.

Envisaging political power as dynamic allows the historian to deal with its structures with some sophistication. This paper approaches political power, not as a circumscribed block of bureaucratic elements, but as a complex phenomenon rooted in social reality. The authors explore the dialogue between local and central power, understanding 'dialogue' in its widest sense. Thus the relationships (both amicable and hostile) between local and central spheres of influence are studied. The authors propose a new analytical framework for the study of the config uration of political power in the northern zone of the Iberian peninsula, over a long period of time, which takes in both the post-Roman world a nd the political structures of the early Middle Ages.

Traditionally, ships were linked to the underworld and water was seen as the border between the world of the living and the one of the dead. This symbology dates back to the Egyptians, when the boat was a symbol of the passing of time and of the soul's journey to the afterlife. For Christians, the boat was the image of safety amidst perils, hence its identification with the Church. In 1150 the Norman amanuensis Robert Wace translated "De Conceptione Mariae" into his dialect. The text, written by St. Anselm of Canterbury, narrates the troubles monk Helsin had to face before going back to William the Conqueror's court after a difficult mission in Denmark. The ship was about to sink, when Helsin had the vision of an angel promising to save him and his crew in exchange for a vow: Helsin had to add the fest of the Immaculate Conception to the other festivals dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The essay discusses the political implications of the text by Wace, since the author added a real event (the White Ship tragedy, a shipwreck in which the heirs of Henry Beauclerc, son of William Rufus, died) to the legend. Over time, the motif of the ship in a storm at sea became a literary scheme. In the essay, the case of the "Puys" of Northern France with their poetic competitions in which the theme of the Immaculate Conception was compulsory, is mentioned – along with some examples centred on the image of the sea and navigation.

Le aree protette sono quei territori sottoposti ad uno speciale regime di tutela e di gestione, nei quali si presenta un patrimonio naturale e culturale di valore rilevante. Nel presente lavoro si è presa in esame la pianificazione della Riserva Naturale di Tuscania (provincia di Viterbo, alto Lazio), con gli obiettivi di: conservazione dei valori ambientali e di sviluppo economico sostenibile, come disposto della legge istitutiva L.R. 29 del 1997. La sfida è quindi quella di riuscire a promuovere nelle aree protette uno sviluppo economico e sociale rispettoso della conservazione dei ritmi e dei valori della natura, ma allo stesso tempo capace di favorire il rilancio degli antichi saperi artigianali e la creazione di nuove professionalità nel campo dei beni ambientali e culturali e delle attività turistiche compatibili. Si è esaminato lo stato ambientale della Riserva Naturale di Tuscania, rilevando lo stato della flora e della fauna presente, l'ambiente fisico e l'archeologia, lo stato del centro storico (che è all'interno della Riserva), e gli impatti dell'attività agricola delle attività antropiche presenti, cercando di arrivare ad una zonazione della Riserva che rispetti le vocazionalità del territorio. Il coinvolgimento degli Enti per la realizzazione del piano d'assetto della Riserva Naturale di Tuscania, è stato continuo e costruttivo ed ha visto nell'ufficio del parco (istituito verso la fine del 2004), un punto di riferimento per tutti i cittadini di Tuscania e non solo. Quindi compito della gestione sostenibile è quello di regolare l'uso degli ecosistemi e delle risorse su livelli che siano tollerabili dal sistema e che quindi non depauperino le risorse a nostra disposizione. Per la Riserva Naturale di Tuscania è stato predisposto un SIT-GIS per gestire e rielaborare, tutte le informazioni che sono state raccolte nella fase di indagine dello studio scientifico, per definire le vocazioni analizzando tutti gli aspetti caratterizzanti il territorio dell'area naturale,percependola non come una parte geografica a se, ma inserendola nel più vasto concetto di pianificazione intercomunale, provinciale, regionale e nazionale. Il ruolo fondamentale della zonazione è quindi, quello di garantire la conservazione dei valori del territorio assegnando vincoli di tutela diversi alle diverse zone. Lo studio effettuato ha evidenziato la vocazione della Riserva Naturale di Tuscanica (RNT), che è di "parco rurale", che vede nel paesaggio culturale, ovvero storicamente influenzato dall'uomo, la peculiarità principale. A questa si aggiunge la propensione a "parco archeologico", date le antichissime vicende di questo territorio, importante centro etrusco. Dallo studio è emerso che al centro della problematica ambientale c'è il fiume Marta, che scorre nel cuore della Riserva da nord a sud. Il Marta è profondamente perturbato dalla regolazione del lago di Bolsena (paratoie all'incile), dalle centrali idroelettriche ENEL, che interrompono per lunghi e numerosi tratti il corso medio-alto del fiume Marta e dalla presenza di prese irrigue lungo il suo corso. La qualità delle acque è modesta, con ripercussioni sulla microfauna (indice IBE) che sui pesci. Ad appesantire il carico sul fiume c'è anche una cartiera ed il depuratore comunale che oltre gli scarichi civili sopporta anche le acque nere del mattatoio. Per quanto riguarda le fonti diffuse agricole di inquinamento, il problema non appare di estrema urgenza, se non altro paragonato a quanto esaminato sino ad ora, sulle altre fonti di inquinamento; se ne può dedurre quindi, che le attività agricole presenti ad oggi nella RNT possono essere ascritte alla categoria delle pratiche compatibili, nel senso che attribuisce a tale termine la legge 394/1991 e la L.R. 29/1997 (art. 26). Ma la normativa, troppo indirizzata verso una zonazione riferita quasi esclusivamente sul tasso di antropizzazione del territorio, ha reso abbastanza difficoltoso il compito di assegnazione delle zone e sottozone alla RNT. Le disposizioni da rispettare derivano: della legge regionale istitutiva n. 29/97, delle Linne Guida della Regione Lazio e dello schema standard della Regione. Il problema fondamentale della zonazione è quello di cadere facilmente in una separazione netta tra gli habitat, causando quindi una disomogeneità interna all'area protetta. Allo stesso modo, si creano disomogeneità esterne nel momento in cui il parco diventa un'area avulsa a tutto quello che è esterno ai propri confini. A tale scopo, il Piano di Assetto redatto propone un Agenda 21 per permettere agli enti locali di poter gestire in modo compatibile ed unitario la questione ambientale attraverso una polita locale che abbia come obiettivo comune una condivisione di responsabilità per uno sviluppo sostenibile. Ad oggi le restrizioni dettate delle norme di salvaguardia limitano in maniera seria lo sviluppo di Tuscania. Ciò fa avvertire la Riserva come un ente burocratico, un soggetto vincolate lo sviluppo del territorio. Per tali ragioni si auspica una celere approvazione del PdA da parte della Provincia di Viterbo e della Regione Lazio, in modo da poter permettere alla RNT di sviluppare tutte le azioni finalizzate alla tutela e conservazione dell'ambiente ed allo stesso tempo, la concretizzazione di uno sviluppo sostenibile per il territorio. ; The protected areas are those territories subordinates to a special program of protection and management, in which is present a natural and cultural patrimony of important value. In the present job the planning of the Natural Reserve of Tuscania, (country of Viterbo, north Lazio), has been considered with objects of conservation of the environmental values and sustainable economic development, like disposed of law L.R. 29 of 1997. The challenge is to promote in the protected areas an economic development and in the same time conservation of the rhythms and the values of the nature. We examined the state of the flora and the fauna present in the Reserve, the physical atmosphere and archaeology, the state of the historical center (that is inside of the Reserve), and the impacts of the agricultural activity and the anthropic activities present, trying to arrive to a zonation of the Reserve who respect the vocation of the territory. The involvement of the Pubblic Agencies for the realization of the plan in order of the Natural Reserve of Tuscania, has been continuous and constructive and has seen in the office of the park (instituted towards the end of 2004), a point of reference for all the citizens of Tuscania and not only. Therefore, task of the sustainable management is to regulation the use of the ecosystems and the resources on levels that are tolerable from the system and that respect the resources to our disposition. For the Natural Reserve of Tuscania it has been predisposed a SIT-GIS in order to manage all the informations that have been collections in the phase of surveying of the scientific study, in order to define the vocations, analyzing all the characterizing aspects of the territory of the natural area, perceiving it not like a geographic part but inserting in the immensest concept than intercomunale, provincial, regional and national planning. The fundamental role of the zonation is therefore to guarantee the conservation of the values of the territory being assigned various ties of protection to the various zones. The study has evidenced the vocation of the Natural Reserve of Tuscania (RNT), that it is of "rural park", that sees in the cultural landscape, that is historically influenced from the man, the main peculiarity. To this joins the vocation "to archaeological park", like an important Etruscan center. From the study it is emerged that to the center of the problematic is the Marta river, that slides in the heart of the Reserve from north to south. The Marta is disturbed from the regulation of the lago of Bolsena (floodgates to the incile), from hydroelectric centers of ENEL, that they interrupt for long and numerous features the uppermiddle course of the Marta river. The quality of waters is modest, with repercussions on the microfauna (index IBE) that on the fish. To weight down the cargo on the river there is also one paper factory and the communal water conditioner for the civil drainages and also black waters of the slaughterhouse. As far as the diffused sources of agricultural pollution, the problem does not appear of extreme urgency, if not other compared with the other pollution sources; can some deduce therefore, that the agricultural activities presents today to the category of the compatible ones, in the sense that attributes to such term the law 394/1991 and L.R. 29/1997 (art. 26). But the norm, too much addressed towards a zonation reported nearly exclusively on the rate urbanization of the territory, has rendered enough difficult the task of allocation of the zones and subzones to the RNT. The dispositions to respect derive: of the institutive regional law n. 29/97, of the guide line of the Lazio Region and the outline standard of the Region. The fundamental problem of the zonation is that easy falling in one clean separation between the habitats. To such scope, the Plan in Order proposes an Agenda 21 in order to allow to the local agencies of being able to manage in compatible way the environmental system through one local politicy that has like common objective a sustainable development. Today the restrictions dictated of the safeguard norms, limit seriously the development of Tuscania. That makes to perceive the Reserve like a bureaucratic agency, a subject bound the development of the territory. For such reasons hope a quick approval of the PdA from part of the Country of Viterbo and the Lazio Region, so as to be able to allow the RNT to develop a sustainable development for the territory.

This article rebuts conventional claims that AIDS in Africa is a microbial problem to be controlled through sexual abstinence, behavior modification, condoms, and drugs. The orthodox view mistakenly attributes to sexual activities the common symptoms that define an AIDS case in Africa - diarrhea, high fever, weight loss and dry cough. What has really made Africans increasingly sick over the past 25 years are deteriorating political economies, not people's sexual behavior. The establishment view on AIDS turned poverty into a medical issue and made everyday life an obsession about safe sex. While the vast, selfperpetuating AIDS industry invented such aggressive phrases as "the war on AIDS" and "fighting stigma," it viciously denounced any physician, scientist, journalist or citizen who exposed the inconsistencies, contradictions and errors in their campaigns. Thus, fighting AIDS in Africa degenerated into an intolerant religious crusade. Poverty and social inequality are the most potent co-factors for an AIDS diagnosis. In South Africa, racial inequalities rooted in apartheid mandated rigid segregation of health facilities and disproportionate spending on the health of whites, compared to blacks. Apartheid policies ignored the diseases that primarily afflicted Africans - malaria, tuberculosis, respiratory infections and protein anemia. Even after the end of apartheid, the absence of basic sanitation and clean water supplies still affects many Africans in the former homelands and townships. The article argues that the billions of dollars squandered on fighting AIDS should be diverted to poverty relief, job creation, the provision of better sanitation, better drinking water, and financial help for drought-stricken farmers. The cure for AIDS in Africa is as near at hand as an alternative explanation for what is making Africans sick in the first place.

ÖZBu çalısma modernite ve liberalizmi Weber teorisi çerçevesinde ele alarakbulgularını ulusüstü bir otoritenin mesruiyet arayısına uygulamaya çalısır. Temeliddia, modernitenin ötesine geçen bir çok özelligi içinde barındırsa bile AvrupaBirlgi'nin hala Max Weber tarafından ayrıntılarıyla gösterilen moderniteninikilemlerinin etkisi altında oldugu ve mesruiyet açıgının bu çeliskili çerçevededegerlendirilmesi gerektigidir. Bu perspektif bize çagımızda ve özelikle AvrupaBirligi'nde iktidar ve süje arasındaki tahakküm iliskilerinin çok fazla degismediginihatta sıradan insan aleyhine ve iktidar lehine gelistigini göstermektedir; ulus-üstüiktidar kompleks ve anarsik dogasına ragmen ve hatta bazı durumlarda bu dogasınedeniyle güçlenmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Max Weber, mesruiyet, Avrupa Birligi ABSTRACTThe work focuses on Weberian theoretical approach to modernity and liberalism andapplies its findings to the quest of a supranational order for legitimacy. Its mainclaim is that the Union, despite to the fact that it shows many characteristics of anentity beyond modernity, still suffers from the dilemmas of modernity and liberalismwhich have extensively been shown by Max Weber and its legitimacy deficit is to beevaluated in that dilemmatic context. This perspective shows us that the dominationrelation between authority and subject has not changed much but only developedmore in favor of authority and at the expense of layman at our age and especially inthe context of the European Union; this is so despite to, in some cases due to,complex and anarchic nature of the supra-national politics.Keywords: Max Weber, legitimacy, European Union

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Avrupa Birliği Genelleştirilmiş Tercihler Sistemi'nin, az gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin Avrupa Birliği'ne ihracatları üzerine etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde, Avrupa Birliği Genelleştirilmiş Tercihler Sistemi'nin temel özelikleri incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde, Avrupa Birliği Genelleştirilmiş Tercihler Sistemi'nin az gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin Avrupa Birliği'ne ihracatları üzerine etkilerini araştıran çalışmaların sonuçlarına yer verilmiştir. Son bölümde ise Avrupa Birliği Genelleştirilmiş Tercihler Sistemi'nin az gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin Avrupa Birliği'ne ihracatları üzerine etkileri ile ilgili genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. ; The aim of this paper is to determine the effects of the European Union Generalised System of Preferences onto the exports of the least developed and developing countries to the European Union. In the first part of the paper, basic principles of the European Union Generalised System of Preferences were examined. In the second part, conclusions of the studies which are dealing with the effects of the European Union Generalised System of Preferences onto the exports of the least developed and developing countries to the European Union were presented. In the last part, a general assessment concerning the effects of the European Union Generalised System of Preferences onto the exports of the least developed and developing countries to the European Union was done.

At the turn of the 20th century, Crete was 'suspended between East and West' in more ways than one. In the aftermath of numerous insurrections, intense ethno-communal strife, and a great deal of human and material destruction, the island passed from direct Ottoman rule to a regime of 'semi-independence'. However, overt Great Power tutelage, a conservative constitution 'with defects of infancy', a weak and depleted economy, and an incessant predilection for the politics of enosis did little to enhance the island's path to progress. Undoubtedly, the particular historical juncture that brought about the hybrid Cretan state and Prince George's 'unfortunate regime' was instrumental in turning the island into an archaeological 'El Dorado', with the British at the helm. But the political contingency aside, 'personal factors', I argue, were of equal importance. In particular, the rapport that Chatzidakes and Xanthoudides had established with Evans facilitated the convergence of national (Cretan) archaeology as a means of incorporating the island into European modernity with colonial archaeology, which in turn has left its weighty imprint especially on the appropriation of the 'Minoan' past.

MALTI: L-istorja ta' Sqallija mis-seklu disgħa sas-seklu tnax intisġet madwar sensiela ta' ġrajjiet li bidlulha darba għal dejjem il-karattru tagħha. Sakemm ħakmu l-gżira minn idejn il-Biżantini, l-Għarab damu mis-sena 827 sas-sena 902. Il-kontroll ta' l-ikbar gżira Mediterranja tahom is-setgħa li jikkolonizzawha, u dan wassal sabiex l-ilsien, it-twemmin u l-kultura tad-dinja Għarbija rabbew l-għeruq bis-saħħa tal-klassi ġdida mexxejja u ta' parti mdaqqsa mill-popolazzjoni li waslet hekk kif il-gżira saret parti minn Dar l-Islam. Madankollu, fi Sqallija tas-seklu ħdax kien għadhom jgħixu eluf ta' nsara Griegi, kif ukoll għadd imdaqqas ta' Lhud. Il-ħakma Normanna ta' Sqallija ġabet magħha bidla kbira fil-ġerarkija politika u soċjali tal-pajjiż. Minn tmiem is-seklu ħdax il-gżira ssieħbet ma' l-Ewropa Latina, u dan nissel tibdil mill-qiegħ fl-istrutturi tal-ħajja u fl-identitajiet individwali u kollettivi ta' sa differenti. Fis-seklu tnax Sqallija kellha sehem ewlieni fit-tfassil tas-Saltna Normanna, u l-belt ewlenija tagħha, Palermo, nbidlet minn metropoli Gharbija f'belt kapitali rjali. Dan l-istudju qasir jifli l-iżviluppi li seħħew taħt in-Normanni, u jingħaqad ma' storiċi ta' żmienna li leħħnu dubji dwar il-kwadru pożittiv ta' tolleranza reliġjuża u etnika fl-istorjograja tradizzjonali ta' Sqallija minn Ruġġieru II sa Federiku II. Minflok, qegħdin joħorġu iżjed ċari t-tensjonijiet u l-firdiet bejn komunitajiet differenti Sqallin skond twemmin reliġjuż u nisel etniku. Sa nofs is-seklu tlettax, il-popolazzjoni Musulmana ta' Sqallija kienet għebet għal kollox, bl-aħħar ftit eluf itturufnati fil-belt ta' Lucera; fil-waqt li l-kultura nisranija Griega ġiet imwarrba, u l-Għarbi baqa' mitkellem biss mill-minoranza Lhudija, flimkien man-nies ta' Malta, Għawdex u Pantellerija. L-iSqalli ta' tmiem is-seklu tlettax ftit li xejn kellu x'jaqsam ma' l-imgħoddi Għarbi tal-gżira, bħallikieku l-istorja ta' Sqallija bdiet fl-1091.

Url: http://josc.selcuk.edu.tr/article/view/1075000269 ; Demokratik siyasi rejimlerin hakim olduğu toplumlarda halk, farklı seçenekler arasından tercihler yaparak siyasi iktidarı ya da kendilerini yönetecek kişileri seçerler. Seçim kararının kendisi basit bir karar gibi görülürken; seçim tercihinin belirleyicileri olarak bir çok bağımsız değişken bulunmaktadır. Bunlar, grup baskılarından aile ve siyasal geçmişe, ekonomik koşullardan parti taraftarlığı ve aday imajlarına kadar uzanan geniş bir yelpazeye sahiptir. Öte yandan bazı seçmenler sadece vatandaşlık görevini yerine getirmek için sandık başına giderken; bazıları da adaylarla ilgili çeşitli değerlendirmeler, çağrışımlar ve imajlar sonucu oy kullanabilmektedirler. Siyasal kampanya çalışmalarında imaj oluşturma önemli bir uygulama olarak görülmektedir. Çünkü seçmenler, karar verme süreçlerinde kendi ideal aday profilleri ile önlerine çıkan gerçek aday imajları arasında bir mukayese yapmaktadırlar. İşte bu çalışmada, seçmenlerin zihinlerinde bir adaya yönelik imaj oluştururlarken hangi değişkenlerden etkilendikleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmaktadır. Konya merkezde 470 denek ile ankete dayalı yüz yüze görüşme tekniği kullanılarak yapılan alan araştırmasından elde edilen bulgulara göre ortaya çıkan en temel sonuç; aday imajı oluşumunda bir çok değişken bulunmasına rağmen, adayın karakteristiklerinin en büyük paya sahip olduğudur. Seçmenin zihnindeki aday imajını; cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum, eğitim düzeyi, gelir düzeyi, meslek, siyasal kimlik tanımlaması ve oy verilen parti gibi değişkenlerin de farklı düzeylerde etkilediği anlaşılmıştır. ; In societies where democratic political regimes rule, the people have the choice from various alternatives to elect the political power or those to govern. While the voting decision itself seems a simple one in one respect, there are many independent variables which have determining influence on the voting choice. These are spread in a wide range from group pressures to family issues and partisanship and political past, from economical conditions to candidate images etc. On the other hand, while some voters go to the ballot box as merely to fulfill a civic duty, some are able to cast their vote only as a result of various evaluations, associations and images. In political campaigning, image forming is considered as an important practice, because in the decision making process, the voters use their ideal candidate profile for comparing with these of the actual candidates they are encountering. The aim of this study is to reveal the variables which are affecting the image forming process in the voter's mind about a candidate. The main results of the opinion poll which has been conducted by face to face interviews in the city center of Konya on 470 subjects were these: although there are a number of variables effective on the candidate image, the character attributes of the candidates have been found as the most effective factor. In addition; variables like gender, age, marital status and level of education, level of income, profession, political identity and party affiliation of the candidate have been found also effective at differing levels on the candidate image of the voter's mind.

Sivil toplum olgusu Batı siyasal ve toplumsal formasyonu içinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu formasyonda temel aktör burjuva sosyal sınıfıdır. Sivil toplum özünde modernitenin bir ürünüdür. Kavram modern dönemde yurttaşlık, demokrasi, kamusal alan ve çoğulculuk kavramlarıyla birlikte sıkça gündeme gelmektedir. Çoğulculuk sivil toplumun doğasını oluşturmaktadır. Sivil toplum örgütlerinin bu çoğulcu yapıları iki yönden incelenmektedir. Bir yandan sivil toplumun çoğulcu yapısının örgütlülük içinde demokratik değerlerin oluşmasına ve yerleşmesine taban teşkil ettiği savunulmakta, diğer yandan ise sivil toplumun çoğulculuğunun tam anlamıyla sivilliğe ve demokratikliğe karşılık gelmediği vurgulanmaktadır. Bu yaklaşım sivil toplum alanının tam bir özgürlük alanı olarak çerçevelenmesinin yanıltıcı olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Sivil toplumun çoğulcu temelinin demokrasi üzerindeki olası etkileri farklı düşünürlerin kuramsal yaklaşımlarıyla desteklenerek incelenmektedir. ; The fact of civil society was born in the Western political and social formation. In this formation the main actor is the bourgeoisie class. Civil society, in reality, is the product of modernity. The concept of civil society in modern era goes together with the concept like citizenship, democracy, public sphere, and plurality. Plurality is the nature of civil society. The plural structure of civil society organization is considered from the point of two perspectives. The in the first point of view that the plurality of the structure of the civil society serves for the basis of the formation and the establishment of democratic values; on the other hand it is pointed out that the plurality of civil society does not directly cover or not equivalent to cicility and democratization. The second approach emphasizes that it is rather describe the civil society area as a total of freedom. The possible effects of the basic pluralism of civil society on democracy are examined through the theoretical approaches by various thinkers.

Dottorato di ricerca in Politica agraria ; La tesi mira a verificare l'impatto politico dell'agricoltura biologica all'interno di un territorio nel quale l'agricoltura in generale, ed il biologico in particolare, manifestano una spiccata rilevanza. L'analisi empirica è suddivisa in tre capitoli, ciascuno dei quali affronta l'agricoltura biologica della provincia di Viterbo da una diversa prospettiva. Dapprima si è cercato di valutare la dimensione del settore considerando sia le superfici certificate sia quelle oggetto di aiuto nell'ambito delle misure agroambientali. Successivamente, è stata eseguita una ricostruzione della distribuzione degli ordinamenti colturali con lo scopo di capire se e quanto i contributi per l'agricoltura biologica, differenziati per coltura e per area geografica, abbiano influenzato la scelta e la distribuzione territoriale delle coltivazioni. Infine, si è cercato di verificare quanto la pratica dell'agricoltura biologica consenta di ottenere una maggiore biodiversità, elemento che rappresenta, sia dal punto di vista ecologico, sia negli obiettivi delle politiche agroambientali, uno dei principali segnali della qualità ambientale. ; The aim of this thesis is to verify the impact of organic agriculture policy in the context of a territory particularly vocated to both conventional and organic agriculture. The empirical analysis is divided in three chapters, which focus on three different aspects of organic agriculture in the province of Viterbo. Firstly, the dimension of the sector, considering the certificated area as well as the sustained area, has been calculated. Then, a reconstruction of crop distribution, with the purpose of understanding if subsidies for organic agriculture might determine farmer's choices, has been carried out. Finally, since agro-biodiversity is considered one of the objectives of agro-environmental policies and one of the main signs of environmental quality, the relation between organic agriculture and agro-biodiversity has been investigated.

Bilindiği üzere Avrupa Birliği (AB), Avrupa'daki demokratik ulusları birleştiren en eski uluslararası örgütlerden biridir. Avrupa Birliği'ne üye olmanın şartlarını belirten Kopenhag Kriterleri 1993 yılında kabul edilmiştir. Avrupa entegrasyon süreci, katılan ülkeler üzerinde çok çeşitli etkiler yapmaktadır. Reform sürecinde AB, Türkiye'nin üyelik yükümlülüklerini üstlenebilme yeteneğini incelemektedir ki, bu yükümlülükler, antlaşmalar, ikincil yasalar ve AB politikalarında ifadesini bulan AB müktesebatından oluşmaktadır. Bu makalenin temel amacı Avrupa Birliği'ne üyelik sürecinin Türkiye'de ulusal hukuk sistemini ne ölçüde etkilediğine ışık tutmaktır. ; As it is known, the European Union(EU) is the one of the oldest international organization which has been unifying the democratic nations in Europe. Copenhagen Criteria which are the conditions of becoming the member of the European Union were accepted in 1993. The process of European integration exerts multi-faceted influences on the concerned countries. In the reform process, EU examines Turkey's ability to assume the obligations of membership – that is, the acquis as expressed in the Treaties, the secondary legislation, and the policies of the Union. The main proposal of this article is to shed some light upon the effect of Turkey's membership of the European Union on Turkish national (internal) legalsystem.

In this chapter I discuss recent attempts to link the Scandinavian Bronze Age with Minoan Crete. The current political agenda of Europeanism is one important incentive behind these efforts to search for a pan-European identity in the past. Evidence of contacts between northern and southern Europe is suggested mainly through the identification of similarities between Scandinavian images and motifs from the Mycenaean and Minoan world. This approach is not entirely new. In the late 19th century Oscar Montelius had already presented similar ideas on Bronze Age cultural contacts between the two regions. In fact, beside the pan-European discourse, the current neo-diffusionist trend could also be seen in the context of a reaction against a prevailing neo-evolutionary and processualist explanatory framework (which, in turn, could be seen as a reaction against a culture-historical diffusionist framework). The alleged contacts, however, are based on tenuous archaeological evidence: not only are the iconographic similarities often the result of arbitrary interpretations of the images in question, but there are also great chronological discrepancies. Moreover, Scandinavian archaeologists tend to accept obsolete ideas about Minoan culture and transfer these to a Scandinavian Bronze Age context in an uncritical manner.

The period between the eleventh and the fourteenth centuries was highly turbulent for the Dalmatian city of Zadar. After the final collapse of Byzantine rule in the Adriatic this former capital of the Byzantine theme not only fought to preserve its leading position among the citi es of Dalmatia, but also played power politics against Venice and against the rulers of the hinterland: the Hungarian kings and the local Croatian magnates. This strategic and political position reflected as well as defined the divisions and conflicts between the city's "sub- communities": the cathedral chapter of. St. Anastasia, the monastery of St. Chrysogonus, and the commune of Zadar. The aim of this article is to trace the relations between these conflicts and the cults of the two principal patron saints: St. Anastasia and St. Chrysogonus.