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This article is the voice of Etnolingwityka's editor-in-chief on the current tasks of ethnolinguistics as a scholarly subdiscipline, as well as of the journal. According to the author, of the two foundations of Slavic ethnolinguistics mentioned by Nikita Tolstoy (i.e., its pan-Slavic character and the unity of language and culture) it is mainly the latter that has preserved its topicality: language is the source of knowledge about people and human communities, as well as the basis for building one's identity (individual, national, regional, professional). The agenda of cultural linguistics has been followed by the contributors to the present journal and its editorial team with a focus on various genres of folkore, the problems of the linguistic worldview, and in recent issues with studies on the semantics of selected cultural concepts (family, democracy, equality, otvetstvennost', etc.). Ethnolinguistic research of this sort, seeking "culture in language" (i.e. in the semantic layer of linguistic forms), render ethnolinguistics (especially in its cognitive variant) close to Western cultural or anthropological linguistics. When Slavic ethnolinguistics, being treated as a cultural linguistics, focuses on the semantics of value terms, it stands a good chance of engaging in a dialogue with Western anthropological linguistics and contributing original insights to the common body of research on values. A specific proposal in this direction is the international project EUROJOS. ; O aktualnych zadaniach etnolingwistyki jako subdyscypliny badawczej i rocznika o tej nazwie ("Etnolingwistyka" 1988–2015) wypowiada się redaktor naczelny pisma. Uważa, że z dwóch zasad, które u podstaw etnolingwistyki słowiańskiej stawiał Nikita Tołstoj – wymiar ogólnosłowiański i jedność języka i kultury – aktualność zachowała głównie ta druga zasada, tj. traktowanie języka jako źródła wiedzy o człowieku i społeczności i podstawy budowania własnej tożsamości (indywidualnej, narodowej, regionalnej, zawodowej). Program lingwistyki kulturowej był realizowany przez redakcję rocznika i autorów piszących na jego łamach w latach 1988–2015 z nastawieniem na różne gatunki folkloru, na problemy językowego obrazu świata, w ostatnich numerach pisma – na studia szczegółowe dotyczące semantyki wybranych konceptów kulturowych (rodzina, demokracja, równość, otvetstvennost' itp.). Tak uprawiane badania etnoligwistyczne – szukające "kultury w języku", w semantycznej warstwie form językowych – zbliżają etnolingwistykę (zwłaszcza w jej wariancie kognitywnym) do zachodniej lingwistyki kulturowej. Etnolingwistyka słowiańska traktowana jako lingwistyka kulturowa, obierając za wyróżniony przedmiot swoich zainteresowań semantykę nazw wartości, ma szanse wejść w partnerski dialog z zachodnią lingwistyką antropologiczną i wnieść do wspólnych badań nad wartościami swój oryginalny wkład. Propozycją ram dla takiego dialogu jest międzynarodowe konwersatorium etnolingwistyczne EUROJOS.

The article concerns the cooperation of NATO's eastern flank countries in support of war-torn Ukraine. The aim of the discussion is to show the actions of the B9 countries, implementing the ideas and tasks of defence diplomacy, undertaken during the first year of the war (24 February, 2022 – 24 February, 2023). This support took place in several key areas: political, diplomatic, military, and humanitarian. It was of fundamental importance for maintaining the functioning and stability of Ukraine and its fighting capabilities, especially in the early period after the Russian Federation's invasion. The author tried to verify the following: how was Ukraine supported in practice? Did all B9 countries equally and with the same level of commitment provide assistance in all the identified areas? What factors could potentially strengthen or weaken the B9 countries' involvement in implementing the ideas of defence diplomacy in Ukraine? The analysis was based on current data and materials made available over the past year in the media and on the Internet.

The subject of this work is a short discussion of the demographic prognosis for Poland till the year 1980 worked out by means of traditional methods and their analysis by the sociodynamic method. First the basic conception of the sociodynamic method of investigation of social processes are presented, followed by a short discussion on the most representative demographic prognosis for Poland till the year 1980 elaborated by traditional methods. A sociodynamic analysis of demographic phenomena in Poland during 1950 - - 1969 is presented together with some conclusions, on the basis of which an appreciation of the reality of demographic prognosis is worked out by traditional methods. Finally the prognosis of births and of the population of Poland till the year 1980 is given — on the assumption that the demographic activity of the Polish society will not be altered. ; Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/2016

The article refers to relations in the process of communication between teacher and students. The author uses classical literature and an expert interview with an experienced school teacher to bring her point across. The author feels that the described issues are of particular significance for beginner pedagogues. Shakespeare's genius gives a broad perspective on the subject of communication, because in both comedies and dramas we observe the importance of the communication aspect, which may be transferred to the relationship between students and the teacher. This gives a broad picture of the possible scenarios that will appear in the teacher's work and allows one to draw conclusions from the heroes' mistakes, which may be identical to those made in the relationships with students.

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English] Different sides of the development of psychology as a science, a teaching subject and a professional activity in Lithuania during the 100-year period are analyzed and discussed. This analysis is performed in the context of the institutionalization of the modern Lithuanian State. The three main premises of the development of psychology in Lithuania are revealed: the sociopolitical and economical context of state, the influence of the global field of psychology and the activities of the enthusiasts of profession. The extent of development of psychology in Lituania during the different periods of Lithuanian history of last 100 years of its existance is evaluated according to 10 criteria of recognizing the profession: 1) Social need; 2) State regulation of the profession; 3) Legislative basis of the profession; 4) Trust by society and authority; 5) Control of professional competence; 6) Being included in a classification of scienes and a scientific studies system; 7) Education (teaching and training) of the profession; 8) Professional and scientiffic communication (journals, conferences); 9) Values and professional ethics; 10) Professional self-regulation (professional NGO). The development of psychology in Lithuania can be divided in stages according to the context of the modern state's development events: 1) Before the year 1918 (the period of arousal and enlightenment in psychological culture); 2) The years 1918–1940 (start of the institutionalization of psychology in the First Republic of Lithuania); 3) The years 1940–1944 (an empty, topsyturvy-esque or confused of social and economical life stage during the Second World War); 4) The years 1945–1988 (an unsettled stage of training and researches in psychology with stabilization after when psychologists were begun to be educated at Vilnius University in 1969); 5) The years 1989–2018 (a dissociation from the Russian academic field of psychology and an independent development with the rising ifluence of Western academic psychological influences). The names of the main enthusiasts of the institutionalization of psychology in Lithuania during the five listed stages are presented. The main persons from this list were Alfonsas Gučas (1907–1988), Jonas Vabalas-Gudaitis (1881–1955), Vladas Lazersonas (1889–1945) and Juvencijus Lapė (1925–1911). The main conclusion of paper is that psychology in Lithuania, during the 100-year period, was developed according to all 10 criteria; it was reasonably adapted to the national state culture and infrastructure. In other words, at the present time, we can speak and write not only about the development of psychology in Lithuania but about a Lithuanian psychology – a nationally indigenized profession. Eleven features of indeginized psychology are also listed.

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English] Different sides of the development of psychology as a science, a teaching subject and a professional activity in Lithuania during the 100-year period are analyzed and discussed. This analysis is performed in the context of the institutionalization of the modern Lithuanian State. The three main premises of the development of psychology in Lithuania are revealed: the sociopolitical and economical context of state, the influence of the global field of psychology and the activities of the enthusiasts of profession. The extent of development of psychology in Lituania during the different periods of Lithuanian history of last 100 years of its existance is evaluated according to 10 criteria of recognizing the profession: 1) Social need; 2) State regulation of the profession; 3) Legislative basis of the profession; 4) Trust by society and authority; 5) Control of professional competence; 6) Being included in a classification of scienes and a scientific studies system; 7) Education (teaching and training) of the profession; 8) Professional and scientiffic communication (journals, conferences); 9) Values and professional ethics; 10) Professional self-regulation (professional NGO). The development of psychology in Lithuania can be divided in stages according to the context of the modern state's development events: 1) Before the year 1918 (the period of arousal and enlightenment in psychological culture); 2) The years 1918–1940 (start of the institutionalization of psychology in the First Republic of Lithuania); 3) The years 1940–1944 (an empty, topsyturvy-esque or confused of social and economical life stage during the Second World War); 4) The years 1945–1988 (an unsettled stage of training and researches in psychology with stabilization after when psychologists were begun to be educated at Vilnius University in 1969); 5) The years 1989–2018 (a dissociation from the Russian academic field of psychology and an independent development with the rising ifluence of Western academic psychological influences). The names of the main enthusiasts of the institutionalization of psychology in Lithuania during the five listed stages are presented. The main persons from this list were Alfonsas Gučas (1907–1988), Jonas Vabalas-Gudaitis (1881–1955), Vladas Lazersonas (1889–1945) and Juvencijus Lapė (1925–1911). The main conclusion of paper is that psychology in Lithuania, during the 100-year period, was developed according to all 10 criteria; it was reasonably adapted to the national state culture and infrastructure. In other words, at the present time, we can speak and write not only about the development of psychology in Lithuania but about a Lithuanian psychology – a nationally indigenized profession. Eleven features of indeginized psychology are also listed.

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English] Different sides of the development of psychology as a science, a teaching subject and a professional activity in Lithuania during the 100-year period are analyzed and discussed. This analysis is performed in the context of the institutionalization of the modern Lithuanian State. The three main premises of the development of psychology in Lithuania are revealed: the sociopolitical and economical context of state, the influence of the global field of psychology and the activities of the enthusiasts of profession. The extent of development of psychology in Lituania during the different periods of Lithuanian history of last 100 years of its existance is evaluated according to 10 criteria of recognizing the profession: 1) Social need; 2) State regulation of the profession; 3) Legislative basis of the profession; 4) Trust by society and authority; 5) Control of professional competence; 6) Being included in a classification of scienes and a scientific studies system; 7) Education (teaching and training) of the profession; 8) Professional and scientiffic communication (journals, conferences); 9) Values and professional ethics; 10) Professional self-regulation (professional NGO). The development of psychology in Lithuania can be divided in stages according to the context of the modern state's development events: 1) Before the year 1918 (the period of arousal and enlightenment in psychological culture); 2) The years 1918–1940 (start of the institutionalization of psychology in the First Republic of Lithuania); 3) The years 1940–1944 (an empty, topsyturvy-esque or confused of social and economical life stage during the Second World War); 4) The years 1945–1988 (an unsettled stage of training and researches in psychology with stabilization after when psychologists were begun to be educated at Vilnius University in 1969); 5) The years 1989–2018 (a dissociation from the Russian academic field of psychology and an independent development with the rising ifluence of Western academic psychological influences). The names of the main enthusiasts of the institutionalization of psychology in Lithuania during the five listed stages are presented. The main persons from this list were Alfonsas Gučas (1907–1988), Jonas Vabalas-Gudaitis (1881–1955), Vladas Lazersonas (1889–1945) and Juvencijus Lapė (1925–1911). The main conclusion of paper is that psychology in Lithuania, during the 100-year period, was developed according to all 10 criteria; it was reasonably adapted to the national state culture and infrastructure. In other words, at the present time, we can speak and write not only about the development of psychology in Lithuania but about a Lithuanian psychology – a nationally indigenized profession. Eleven features of indeginized psychology are also listed.

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English] Different sides of the development of psychology as a science, a teaching subject and a professional activity in Lithuania during the 100-year period are analyzed and discussed. This analysis is performed in the context of the institutionalization of the modern Lithuanian State. The three main premises of the development of psychology in Lithuania are revealed: the sociopolitical and economical context of state, the influence of the global field of psychology and the activities of the enthusiasts of profession. The extent of development of psychology in Lituania during the different periods of Lithuanian history of last 100 years of its existance is evaluated according to 10 criteria of recognizing the profession: 1) Social need; 2) State regulation of the profession; 3) Legislative basis of the profession; 4) Trust by society and authority; 5) Control of professional competence; 6) Being included in a classification of scienes and a scientific studies system; 7) Education (teaching and training) of the profession; 8) Professional and scientiffic communication (journals, conferences); 9) Values and professional ethics; 10) Professional self-regulation (professional NGO). The development of psychology in Lithuania can be divided in stages according to the context of the modern state's development events: 1) Before the year 1918 (the period of arousal and enlightenment in psychological culture); 2) The years 1918–1940 (start of the institutionalization of psychology in the First Republic of Lithuania); 3) The years 1940–1944 (an empty, topsyturvy-esque or confused of social and economical life stage during the Second World War); 4) The years 1945–1988 (an unsettled stage of training and researches in psychology with stabilization after when psychologists were begun to be educated at Vilnius University in 1969); 5) The years 1989–2018 (a dissociation from the Russian academic field of psychology and an independent development with the rising ifluence of Western academic psychological influences). The names of the main enthusiasts of the institutionalization of psychology in Lithuania during the five listed stages are presented. The main persons from this list were Alfonsas Gučas (1907–1988), Jonas Vabalas-Gudaitis (1881–1955), Vladas Lazersonas (1889–1945) and Juvencijus Lapė (1925–1911). The main conclusion of paper is that psychology in Lithuania, during the 100-year period, was developed according to all 10 criteria; it was reasonably adapted to the national state culture and infrastructure. In other words, at the present time, we can speak and write not only about the development of psychology in Lithuania but about a Lithuanian psychology – a nationally indigenized profession. Eleven features of indeginized psychology are also listed.

This book focuses not on the Battle of Grunwald and the military affairs of this epoch, but on the political, social and cultural processes, which took place in Lithuania and Poland during the governance of Jogaila and Vytautas the Great, the epoch of the Great War between the allies Lithuania and Poland and the Teutonic Order, in other words, political, social and cultural context of the War. The most important events and the processes and events that came out from them in both countries during the governance of Jogaila and Vytautas the Great are long-lasting partnership between Lithuania and Poland by the conditions of the personal / dynastic union together with The Lithuanian Grand Duke Jogaila coronation to the King of Poland in 1386, as well as the Christianization of Lithuania in 1387, its Christianization together with integration into the cultural space of the Western Europe, the governance of Vytautas the Great in Lithuania, full of innovation and public and cultural life (from 1362 until 1430), the victory in the Battle of Grunwald, which removed the threat of the Teutonic Order in 1410, the exceptional situation of both lords in the Central Eastern Europe region. The book discusses the political history of Lithuania, Poland and the Central Western Europe from the end of the fourteenth century to the beginning of the fifteenth century. But the intention is that the political history does not overshadow the culture of these countries, public arrangements and history of social thought. Majority of book items are about these things. The authors of this book are Lithuanian, Polish and Ukrainian historians.

This book focuses not on the Battle of Grunwald and the military affairs of this epoch, but on the political, social and cultural processes, which took place in Lithuania and Poland during the governance of Jogaila and Vytautas the Great, the epoch of the Great War between the allies Lithuania and Poland and the Teutonic Order, in other words, political, social and cultural context of the War. The most important events and the processes and events that came out from them in both countries during the governance of Jogaila and Vytautas the Great are long-lasting partnership between Lithuania and Poland by the conditions of the personal / dynastic union together with The Lithuanian Grand Duke Jogaila coronation to the King of Poland in 1386, as well as the Christianization of Lithuania in 1387, its Christianization together with integration into the cultural space of the Western Europe, the governance of Vytautas the Great in Lithuania, full of innovation and public and cultural life (from 1362 until 1430), the victory in the Battle of Grunwald, which removed the threat of the Teutonic Order in 1410, the exceptional situation of both lords in the Central Eastern Europe region. The book discusses the political history of Lithuania, Poland and the Central Western Europe from the end of the fourteenth century to the beginning of the fifteenth century. But the intention is that the political history does not overshadow the culture of these countries, public arrangements and history of social thought. Majority of book items are about these things. The authors of this book are Lithuanian, Polish and Ukrainian historians.

This book focuses not on the Battle of Grunwald and the military affairs of this epoch, but on the political, social and cultural processes, which took place in Lithuania and Poland during the governance of Jogaila and Vytautas the Great, the epoch of the Great War between the allies Lithuania and Poland and the Teutonic Order, in other words, political, social and cultural context of the War. The most important events and the processes and events that came out from them in both countries during the governance of Jogaila and Vytautas the Great are long-lasting partnership between Lithuania and Poland by the conditions of the personal / dynastic union together with The Lithuanian Grand Duke Jogaila coronation to the King of Poland in 1386, as well as the Christianization of Lithuania in 1387, its Christianization together with integration into the cultural space of the Western Europe, the governance of Vytautas the Great in Lithuania, full of innovation and public and cultural life (from 1362 until 1430), the victory in the Battle of Grunwald, which removed the threat of the Teutonic Order in 1410, the exceptional situation of both lords in the Central Eastern Europe region. The book discusses the political history of Lithuania, Poland and the Central Western Europe from the end of the fourteenth century to the beginning of the fifteenth century. But the intention is that the political history does not overshadow the culture of these countries, public arrangements and history of social thought. Majority of book items are about these things. The authors of this book are Lithuanian, Polish and Ukrainian historians.