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Recognized as one of the founding fathers of the documentary style, August Sander is the creator of many iconic twentieth-century photographs. Towards the end of the First World War, while working from his studio in Cologne, Sander began what would become his life's work: a photographic portrait of German society under the Weimar Republic. He called this endeavor People of the 20th Century. While his first publication was banned from sale in 1936 by the National Socialist government, in around 1938 Sander began taking identity photographs for persecuted Jews. During the Second World War he photographed migrant workers; Sander included these images, as well as some taken by his son Erich from the prison where he would die in 1944, in People of the 20th Century, along with portraits of national socialists made before and during the war. Sander was unable to publish his monumental work during his lifetime, but his descendants champion his vision to this day. These photographs are published together for the first time here, along with contact prints, letters and details about the lives of those photographed. They are portraits of dignified men and women, victims of an ideology taking their rightful place as "People of the 20th Century" in defiance of Nazi efforts to ostracize them. "Ungeachtet einer hochemotionalen Seite des Themas, scheint sich der Künstler Zurückhaltung im bildnerischen Zugriff verordnet zu haben. Weder macht er aus den jüdischen Menschen geknechtete Opfer noch aus den Täten Hyänen. Sanders Juden strahlen gefasste Würde aus, während die Männer in Uniform als reichlich normale Bürger in die Kamera blicken: Biedermänner, deren Potential als Brandstifter die Geschichte allerdings schon damals offenbarte. Diese dokumentarische Haltung macht das Unternehmen insgesamt stimmig und verleiht ihm à la longue politische Wucht. Schnell war sich die Jury einig: In der Brisanz des Themas, seiner gelungenen konzeptionellen Umsetzung im Verein mit einer handwerklich überzeugenden Übersetzung in ein Buch hat dieser bei Steidl erschienene herausragende Band den diesjährigen Deutschen Fotobuchpreis in der Kategorie "Fotograf (Monografien)" ungeteilt verdient" (Deutscher Fotobuchpreis 18 |19, Kategorie: Fotograf (Monografie), Laudatio zur Preisverleihung am 16.11.2018, Laudator: Hans-Michael Koetzle)

Following the year 1848, while most of his contemporaries were focusing their attentions on the political emergence of nationalities and the renewal of colonial empires, Comte and his closest followers were claiming the reconstruction of the western association and denouncing the idea according to which the West was playing a civilisation role in its attempt to dominate the whole world.Already in 1820, Comte had been interested by the Western Re-organisation outside the reference to theological or metaphysical conceptions and outside the frame of modern nations. According to him, the constitution of a new spiritual power should be the ground of this re-organisation. Such spiritual power was defined as the foundation of a system of positive education shared across the whole western Republic. In his sociology, the term "West" which Comte was finding more accurate than the term "Europe", designated an elite group within humanity. In other words, the West was the most advanced part of the human kind on the path to an adult state represented by the scientific and industrial state. Comte's originality has been to think this elite group as a way to establish a universal and free association of men around the world.Hightlighting the streams of idea having influenced Comte and underlying the input of his positivist followers, this thesis isolates the singularity of the historical transition at stake in the West. This work focuses on the proposals of Comte's positive politics aiming at both preventing western superiority to become a force of uniforming oppression and stimulating its use as a force for a worldwide solidarity and a progress without revolution. ; De la obra de Auguste Comte, padre de la sociología y fundador de la "Revue occidentale", no más se recuerdan sus aportes a la filosofía de las ciencias. En cuanto a la política positiva, desconocerla y ridiculizarla es característico de la historiografía sobre la idea de Europa. ¿Quién sabe que mientras que la mayoría de sus contemporáneos estaban obsesionados, ...