Suchergebnisse

Der Autor behandelt nach dem dahinter stehenden Staatsbegriff und mit Blick auf das Verhältnis von Staat und Gesellschaft nacheinander repräsentative Demokratie, Theokratie und die Totalitarismen des 20. Jahrhunderts. Diese sämtlichen, von ihm abgelehnten Staatsformen sieht der Autor durch Wurzeln im christlichen Mittelalter und durch den ihnen gemeinsamen in die Gesellschaft expandierten modernen Staat verbunden. In seiner fundamentalen Systemkritik hält er dem das Bild von einem islamischen politischen System entgegen, das auf der Autonomie der Religionsgemeinschaften - darunter zählt er u.a. auch Atheisten - im weltlichen Bereich aufbaut und auf einer Art direkter Teilhabe des einzelnen ohne Parteienpluralismus. So werde die Gesellschaft (bezeichnet mit dem Koranbegriff der "umma") gestärkt gegen den im nichtislamischen Bereich zum Selbstzweck gewordenen modernen Staat. Eine Staatsreligion soll es nicht geben. Unklar bleiben Mechanismen zur Lösung möglicher Konflikte zwischen den Religions- und Rechtsgemeinschaften und die Frage nach der Umsetzung der (S. 138) postulierten Überlassung von Gesetzgebung, Erziehung, Wirtschaft, Gesundheitswesen und Wissenschaft an eine nicht näher definierte Zivilgesellschaft. Die hier formulierte islamische politische Philosophie und Staatstheorie haben bei dem mit der vorliegenden Übersetzung anvisierten Zielpublikum der muslimisch-bosniakischen Volksgruppe in Bosnien-Herzegowina bis dato kaum Widerhall gefunden, wie das Vorwort bedauernd hervorhebt. (SOI-Clw)

Hegel's teaching on the objective spirit, as a moment of the world spirit is an idea based on objective morality, while modern state is the highest historical manifestation of that morality. The objective spirit understood in this way is juxtaposed by the subjective morality in the form of the contingency of instincts and concepts of individual subjects: these two elements make for the specific constitution of modern state. For a state to exist as the realisation of freedom and to fulfil its world-historical task, i necessary to eliminate and overcome the opposition of these two elements. That is why in Hegel's "ideal" concept of the structure of the state (which for him means communal life in freedom), the state-community is defined as a unity of free individuals-citizens, permeated with the idea of the good. (SOI : PM: S. 223)

The author describes the evolution of philosophical foundations of the mechanical and the organic principle, from Spencer to Whitehead as well as Durkheim's first application of these principles (mechanical and organic solidarity) and their sociological extensions as a form of sociability (L. V. Wiese, Gurvitch). And finally, the author gives a detailed review of the application of the mechanical and the organic as a structure of organisation in the science of management (Burns, Stalker, and later theoreticians). The mechanical and the organic principles identily the structure of being, society and organisations from the point of view of the capacities of individuals and their involuntary or voluntary ties. The mechanical and the organic are also the poles between which the structure of an organisation varies depending on strategy, size, technology and environment. (SOI : PM: S. 256)

The author outlines the modern universalistic theories which assume the natural and historical unity of humankind and, using this as a starting point, predict a cosmopolitan and Eurocentric outcome of world history. Contrary to these universalistic theories, the contemporary globalist theories, the author claims, are pluralistic and multicultural and thus paradigmatically different from the panoptical theories of classic modernism. (SOI : PM: S. 100)

Due to the increasing globalization and the danger of reducing all beings to things, it is central to point out again and again that a human being is not a thing among other things, and that the appreciation and realization of their life requires nurturing and cultivating the variety of human knowledge pertinent to different spheres of the historical world of life. Thus, the relevance and the role of practical philosophy is gaining significance regarding the - to the historical Being - proper understanding and fulfilIment of human potentials in today's world. (SOI : PM: S. 25) + The author first defines the various facets of globalization in today's world and emphasizes the key changes that are stepping up and intensifying communication among peoples, nations, and cultures all over the world. However, parallel to this there are other pressing problems: from the ecological crisis, to the realization of human rights, to the anomie of life and work. All this proves that globalization is not only an economic and technical but, ultimately, practically an ethic/political issue. Along the lines of Hegel's philosophy of world history and Aristotle's practical philosophy, the author has come to view the contemporary globalization as a step forward of world civilization, i.e. as a possibility of the realization of freedom and good life. Globalization, of course, scares people with its unpredictability and the erratic development of "global society" which (in line with Beck's distinction between the First and the Second Modernism) today is represented as a society of nation-states on the one hand, and as a "global society of transnational actors" on the other