Suchergebnisse

On the basis of a wide variety of printed sources as well as verbal accounts, Sara Borrillo analyzes the many forms of Moroccan women's agency today : from the laical militants, inspired by universal principles and international declarations of human rights, to feminist theologians, engaged in a critical review of sacred books that criticizes the traditional, patriarchal interpretations, up to the sermonizers supported by the Moroccan monarchy, promoting a «modernity without democracy» among women, particularly in the rural areas. ; Sulla base di un'ampia varietà di fonti a stampa e testimonianze orali, oltre che di una vastissima letteratura, Sara Borrillo analizza le molteplici forme di attivismo delle donne marocchine di oggi: dalle militanti laiche, ispirate a principi universali e alle dichiarazioni internazionali dei diritti umani, alle teologhe femministe, impegnate in un'interpretazione critica dei testi sacri che metta in discussione i contenuti patriarcali delle interpretazioni tradizionali, alle predicatrici che, sostenute dal regime marocchino, promuovono tra le donne una "modernità senza democrazia", in particolare nei ceti rurali.

This work reconstructs the main thought of the School of Salamanca with reference to the theme of tax imposition through the analyze of main Treaties such as De iustitia et iure, Consilia, Relectiones, commentaries to San Tommaso' Secunda Saecundae, manuals for confessors, quaestiones De iure bello, cartas and Consejos about the India's Government. We would like to know whether and which contribution theologians –jurists belonging to the second scholasticism could offer to the Spanish Crown for the organization and management of a " modern" and efficient fiscal system. We found magistri who were sensible interpreters of their times, who paid attention to the fiscal reasons and at the same time strict guardian of the justice application, in that world, through the instrument of right- of iustum ius. We reached the American coasts where Justinian sources, as interpreted by medieval jurists and as used by our theologians, demonstrated the ability to manage a government of "things never seen" , making possible a connection between far coasts. The School of Salamanca, then, as explained by its main characters, managed to offer a good instrument of control of subjects on one hand (by affirming the moral obligation of fiscal laws); and it maintained the role of Church in taking care of things of this world, on the other hand (as long as indicating the right conditions for justice, the excommunication for the ones who break them, the use of censor as suggested in bulla in Coena Domini , the acknowledgment of the central role of theologians and confessors as interpreters of a proper fiscal obligations and experts to solve any doubt). Finally, it was able to maintain and express a deep desire for freedom that recent conquests (of men, things and earths) put away towards the old world, on a field, the fiscal one, that is central and ambivalent for the political speech, where we saw old and new conflicts coming out.

After the First World War, the Catholic Church was forced on the defensive by totalitarian mass-movements in both Italy and Germany. Fascism and National Socialism challenged Catholicism's traditional position in society. This volume is the first to bring together contributions by leading German and Italian historians and theologians and thus to present a graphic account of the Catholic Church's strategies for asserting itself between 1918 and 1943/45

In this study the author gives an outline of the theology of the French Dominican theologian Claude Geffré. In his theological research, which has lasted more than forty years, Geffré has developed many aspects of the theme of dialogue: dialogue between faith and modern reason, between faith and human experience, between Christian faith and other religions. The article investigates the roots of Geffré's theology, which intends dialogue as an essential issue of Christian faith. The relationship between Geffré and the Saulchoir school is especially stressed, particularly with M.-D.Chenu and his conception of the theology of the 'signs of times'. Geffré, who began his 'profession' as a theologian studying and teaching the works of Aquinas, departed from the metaphysical tradition in theology and developed a hermeneutical approach. However, he has always dealt with the question of truth. The hermeneutical theology of Geffré tends to propose a perspective of dialogue between faith and modern reason and is very sensitive to the political dimension of faith. In the new cultural context of the pluralism of religions Geffré has devoted many studies to the question of inter-religious dialogue: he sees in this field the most important challenge for Christian theology in the future. He proposes to arrive at a form of 'inter- religious theology' and to find a way to overcome the separation between the mystical and the political dimension in theology through inter-religious dialogue. His research has in view a spirituality of the 'truly human'.

The theme of the relationship between Verbum and ius, between faith, natural law and positive law, was the core of an intense debate during the Middle Ages. It was not restricted to the centres of knowledge; on the contrary, the ecclesiastical entrusted it to pastoral practices with the aim of having a concrete influence on the drafting of religious, civilian and state laws and regulations. The essays collected in this volume focus on that debate, investigating mainly the preaching and preachers who turned the erudite speeches by exegetes, theologians, jurists and magistri on the concepts of law, community and faith into "public communication".

In Poland, in the last 25 years, theologians, lawyers, sociologist and psychologists have discussed significant changes in the field of marriage and family. The political transformations caused not only economic development, but also cultural transformation and globalization of social phenomena. Among such issues there is the problem of the emigration of young polish citizens. Apart from the positive economic and cultural aspects of working abroad, some negative influence on the strength and unity of the families has been observed. In the article effort was made to examine the impact of labor migration on the reorientation of the general family in the light of matrimonial nullity processes, where the emigrant was involved as the Petitioner or the Respondent party. The author`s conclusion is that it is the last chance to create and put into practice, as soon as possible, the modern and interdisciplinary program of pastoral care directed to the families of the migrants, especially the new generation. ; In Poland, in the last 25 years, theologians, lawyers, sociologist and psychologists have discussed significant changes in the field of marriage and family. The political transformations caused not only economic development, but also cultural transformation and globalization of social phenomena. Among such issues there is the problem of the emigration of young polish citizens. Apart from the positive economic and cultural aspects of working abroad, some negative influence on the strength and unity of the families has been observed. In the article effort was made to examine the impact of labor migration on the reorientation of the general family in the light of matrimonial nullity processes, where the emigrant was involved as the Petitioner or the Respondent party. The author`s conclusion is that it is the last chance to create and put into practice, as soon as possible, the modern and interdisciplinary program of pastoral care directed to the families of the migrants, especially the new generation. ; In Poland, in ...

Discusses the debate between John Locke & the Remonstrants, especially Dutch theologians Philippus van Limborch, Jacobus Arminius, & Simon Episcopius, in the 17th century. The Remonstrants' concepts of indifference & the freedom of indifference are presented, & implications on theological & political ideals as found in the work of Ugo Grozio, Cornelius de Witt, & Adriaan van Paets are identified. Despite their strong friendship & intellectual affinities, Locke & van Limborch were sharply divided on the issues of indifference in relation to the will & free judgment of man. An appendix reproduces the English text of Pelagius redivivus, or Pelagius Raked Out of the Ashes by Arminius & His Schollers (1626), written originally in Latin by English clerics supportive of Augustinianism, & drawing parallels between Remonstrant (Arminian) doctrines & those of Pelagius. Accusations of heterodoxy against Remonstrant doctrine were nourished by this work that proposed the Remonstrants' polemical assimilation of the heresy of Pelagius. 1 Appendix. J. Sadler

Jürgen Habermas' recent work is focused on the relationship between reason and faith in what he suggest that we should name post-secular society. Habermas argues that traditional religions such as Christianity can have semantic contents very useful to uphold a moral motivation in order to contrast the instrumental reason of the globalized markets. I will try to show that these recent developments of Habermas' theories risk to conflict with some elements of his previous approach. As a consequence, I suggest that we carefully look to the critiques that the catholic theologian J. B. Metz made to Habermas' previous approach. In fact, I argue that Metz's proposal of a "New Political Theology", which is characterized by the concept of anamnestic reason, shows how to overcome, or complete, some limits of the first formulation of the theory of communicative rationality. Nevertheless, Habermas' recent openness on these topics, even if problematic with his previous approach, stimulates to rethink on the relationship between reason and faith, religion and democracy.

Automi, realtà virtuale e formiche ("Automata, virtual reality and ants") proposes an analysis of the complexity of the war phenomenon through three different approaches: in the microphysics of the individual action, in simulated reality and in a metaphor with the biological environment. The investigation into the nature of the interactions between man and machine presents the attempt to dominate the Clausewitzian uncertainty of the battle through an automated, post-human system. This seems to be resolved in the Omega Point, which the theologian de Chardin had identified as a point of escape from entropy and from the disorder of reality. There is neither a scientific solution, nor a theological fate. Intelligence is shared through the semantics of the satellite, of the drone and through the information passing from machine to machine. While the warriors will act as a swarm, by sharing a huge amount of data, each one of them on the exocrine glands of the machine, St. Basil was right when he warned that whoever claims to speak on the nature of things (and therefore on war) should first of be able to speak of the nature of the ant.

Yet another book on witches and witchcraft? Although numerous, studies on this phenomenon that had such a profound influence on the political, social and religious history of the late Middle Ages and the early modern age in Europe can never be enough. At this time the political regimes were actively involved in the witch hunts, not least the Catholic church which was intensely engaged in developing instruments of control aimed at governing and curbing dissent. The book is broken down into thematic sections – rules, treatises and trials, transmission /possession – which reflect the multiplicity of the scientific proposals that have emerged in recent years, and also represent a conscious preliminary orientation of possible readings. At centre stage of the witchcraft show are the witches and their judges, from the theologians and philosophers to the exorcists. As well as addressing actual events, the book also explores the nature of the beliefs and the way in which they were transmitted in the various social strata, and the phenomenon of diabolical possession which conveyed the message of the presence of the devil in the world.

RESUMEN "Esta tesis doctoral propone un estudio sobre la teología política cristiana de Orosio, autor que vivió entre los siglos IV y V, analizando, en particular, las relaciones que se interponen entre el "judaísmo" (en sus diversas declinaciones histórico-culturales dentro de un mundo tardoantiguo que es más complejo y caleidoscópico) y la Augustus-Theologie dentro de su obra histórica, las Historiae adversus paganos. Por un lado, surge cómo Orosio aborda de cerca la historia judía dentro de su obra, siempre a la luz de sus correlaciones con la historia cristiana y con una visión de la historia universal, culminando en el nacimiento y afirmación del Imperio Romano. La relación con el judaísmo aparece, por tanto, también en Orosio (como en otros autores cristianos antiguos) de doble naturaleza: complementariedad y, al mismo tiempo, rivalidad y rechazo. Por otra parte, se reformulan las intuiciones que el teólogo alemán Erik Peterson había propuesto en una serie de estudios de los años treinta del siglo pasado, precisamente sobre la aplicabilidad de la Augustus-Theologie a la obra de Orosio". ; ABSTRACT "This doctoral thesis aims at analysing the Christian political theology of Orosius, who lived between the 4th and 5th centuries, focusing on the relations between "Judaism" (in its various historical-cultural declinations in a late antique world that is more complex and kaleidoscopic) and Augustus-Theologie within his historical work, the Historiae adversus paganos. On the one hand, Orosius approaches Jewish history closely in his work, always in the light of its correlations with Christian history and with a vision of universal history, culminating in the birth and affirmation of the Roman Empire. Therefore, also in Orosius (as in other ancient Christian authors) the relationship with Judaism has a twofold nature: complementarity and, at the same time, rivalry and rejection. On the other hand, the intuitions proposed by the German theologian Erik Peterson in a series of studies published in the 1930s are reformulated, precisely on the applicability of Augustus-Theologie to Orosius's Historiae".

The principle enunciated in the title appears among the regulae iuris placed at the end of the Liber Sextus of Boniface VIII. It originates from the private law of Justinian, and shifted to the field of public law through the ius decretalium. The principle was used for centuries as a legal and rational argument in discussions on the dynamics of the exercise of government power, both in the Church and in secular institutions. The jurists (as well as philosophers, theologians, and political writers) placed the principle among the tools and procedures that enable the participation of the community (through its representatives) in the government of the res publica: the consent of the subjects is conceived as a limit to the power of anyone who has the government of the community. The principle of participation and consent is seen to descend from reason: it belongs to natural law or to the ius gentium. ; El principio enunciado en el título aparece entre las regulae iuris situadas al final del Liber Sextus de Bonifacio VIII. Encuentra su origen en el derecho privado recogido en el corpus justinianeo, y pasó al campo del derecho público a través del ius decretalium. El principio fue usado durante siglos como argumento jurídico y racional en las discusiones sobre la dinámica del ejercicio del poder, tanto dentro de la Iglesia como en el ámbito de las instituciones seculares. Las reflexiones de los juristas (así como de los filósofos, teólogos y escritores políticos) situaron el principio entre los instrumentos y procedimientos que hacen posible la participación de la comunidad (a través de sus representantes) en el gobierno de la res publica: la aprobación de los miembros se concibe como un límite del poder de quien ostenta el gobierno de la comunidad. En las elaboraciones teóricas el principio de la participación y de la aprobación se ve como derivación de la razón: pertenece a la esfera del derecho natural o al ius gentium.

The principle enunciated in the title appears among the regulae iuris placed at the end of the Liber Sextus of Boniface VIII. It originates from the private law of Justinian, and shifted to the field of public law through the ius decretalium. The principle was used for centuries as a legal and rational argument in discussions on the dynamics of the exercise of government power, both in the Church and in secular institutions. The jurists (as well as philosophers, theologians, and political writers) placed the principle among the tools and procedures that enable the participation of the community (through its representatives) in the government of the res publica: the consent of the subjects is conceived as a limit to the power of anyone who has the government of the community. The principle of participation and consent is seen to descend from reason: it belongs to natural law or to the ius gentium. ; El principio enunciado en el título aparece entre las regulae iuris situadas al final del Liber Sextus de Bonifacio VIII. Encuentra su origen en el derecho privado recogido en el corpus justinianeo, y pasó al campo del derecho público a través del ius decretalium. El principio fue usado durante siglos como argumento jurídico y racional en las discusiones sobre la dinámica del ejercicio del poder, tanto dentro de la Iglesia como en el ámbito de las instituciones seculares. Las reflexiones de los juristas (así como de los filósofos, teólogos y escritores políticos) situaron el principio entre los instrumentos y procedimientos que hacen posible la participación de la comunidad (a través de sus representantes) en el gobierno de la res publica: la aprobación de los miembros se concibe como un límite del poder de quien ostenta el gobierno de la comunidad. En las elaboraciones teóricas el principio de la participación y de la aprobación se ve como derivación de la razón: pertenece a la esfera del derecho natural o al ius gentium.

The paper intends to investigate the sources of the very concept of charisma in Max Weber, starting from some polemical readings made by Carl Schmitt. Aside from theologian Karl Holl, particular attention is devoted to Protestant jurist Rudolf Sohm and to his masterwork Kirchenrecht (1892). Weber started to read it attentively in 1909, at the beginning of his project called Economy and Society, In the writings that make the most of this posthumous work that he never really ended, charisma is meant as the non-juridical key for official and hierarchic organizations – Roman Church may not be the only good example: charisma creates concrete social associations elsewhere. Gradually, such organizations get more and more legal, as long as they lose their 'extraordinary' traits. The analysis will show how obedience and recognition are originally created by charisma and how they structure the ties that bind the followers to their leader, a hero, a prophet, or similar charismatic personalities. Being originally anti-economic, anti-institutional, charisma gets to be gradually objectified in a legal order provided with specific economical traits. In its last part, the paper analyses the famous conference Max Weber held in Munich in 1919, Politics as Vocation. Politics is identified as the intersection between charisma and bureaucracy, in the handling of the relationship between the two elements of devotion to the leader and the cause (what he calls the 'demon') and the party machine. ; Il contributo, sfruttando alcune letture polemiche di Carl Schmitt, si propone di indagare le fonti del concetto di carisma in Max Weber, rivolgendo particolare attenzione, oltre al teologo Karl Holl, al giurista protestante Rudolf Sohm e alla sua opera Kirchenrecht (1892), che da Weber fu approfondita agli albori del progetto di scrittura di Economia e società, a partire dal 1909. Negli scritti del lascito di quest'opera, il carisma diventa il perno non giuridico di un'organizzazione ufficiale e gerarchica – dalla Chiesa la casistica si allarga a numerose formazioni sociali – che assume tratti giuridici sempre più spiccati man mano che perde il suo tratto straordinario, che aveva originariamente creato obbedienza e riconoscimento nel seguito di un capo, sia questo un eroe, un profeta o un'altra figura carismatica. Originariamente anti-economico, anti-istituzionale, il carisma si oggettiva gradualmente in un ordinamento giuridico dalle spiccate valenze economiche. Nella parte finale viene analizzato un aspetto della conferenza di Monaco Politica come professione (1919), dove la politica viene individuata precisamente nell'intersezione tra il carisma e la burocrazia, nella gestione del rapporto tra la dedizione al capo e alla causa (quel che chiama il 'demone') e l'organizzazione della macchina partitica.

La tesi ricostruisce la vita e la dottrina politica di Mary Astell (1666-1731), pensatrice politica, filosofa e teologa inglese. La sua riflessione costituisce un capitolo essenziale ma poco esplorato della storia costituzionale e del pensiero politico inglese. Malgrado il suo conservatorismo anglicano, Astell incarna una critica proto-femminista al patriarcato. Questa critica, pur essendo specialmente affilata nel pensiero di Astell, è condivisa, al netto di alcune significative differenze, anche da altre importanti pensatrici tra metà Seicento e inizio Settecento. Essa è definita come antipatriarcalismo materiale, in quanto mette in discussione i rapporti materiali di potere tra i sessi e si oppone all'antipatriarcalismo formale di Locke. L'antipatriarcalismo materiale si lega all'irruzione femminile nella sfera pubblica in formazione, durante la grande ribellione degli anni Quaranta del Seicento, che è contestuale allo sviluppo di una agency femminile in campo economico e giuridico. Insieme al dibattito politico-religioso, dunque, si considerano i trattati giuridici, i manuali di condotta, le petizioni e le profezie femminili del secolo delle Rivoluzioni, al fine di ricostruire il contesto giuridico e sociale a cui appartengono Astell e le altre donne "straordinarie" del tempo. In questo scenario Astell elabora la sua teologia politica, che implica una critica delle politiche di tolleranza e del tentativo dei dissenzienti e dei whig di riscrittura della storia. Astell teorizza la necessità dell'ordine politico, laddove tutto il potere è nelle mani di Dio e del re, Suo vicario sulla terra. L'autorità divina assoluta consente di pensare un'eguaglianza radicale delle anime davanti a Dio, condizione che rende la subordinazione delle donne agli uomini impossibile da sostenere. Questa rivendicazione dell'uguaglianza delle donne emerge con forza nel dibattito sull'educazione, in cui Astell interviene proponendo la creazione di un ritiro filosofico-religioso femminile che inauguri una sfera pubblica separata in grado di preparare le donne ad affrontare la società degli uomini. ; The thesis investigates the life and political thought of Mary Astell (1666-1731), English political thinker, philosopher and theologian. Her reflections constitute an essential but rather unexplored chapter of English political thought and Constitutional History. Despite her Anglican Toryism, she embodies a proto-feminist critique to early modern patriarchy. While this critique is most consistently advanced by Astell, it is shared, notwithstanding some significant differences, by other outstanding female thinkers of the Century of Revolution. It can be defined as material antipatriarchalism, insofar as it questions the material power relations between the sexes and opposes the formal antipatriarchalism of Locke. Material antipatriarchalism is strictly linked to the female irruption into the emerging public sphere during the great rebellion of 1640s, which concurs with women's economic and legal agency. Therefore, together with the political and religious debate, legal treatises, conduct books, female petitions and prophecies of XVII and early XVIII century are taken into account in order to reconstruct the judicial and social context to which Astell belongs. Against this backdrop Astell elaborates her own political theology, which entails a critique of toleration policies and of the dissenters' and Whigs' attempt to reinterpret the English past. Astell theorizes the necessity of political order, whereby all power is held by God and the King, His vicar on earth. Absolute divine authority, in turn, paves the way to the radical equality of all souls in front of God, a condition that makes women's subordination to men unsustainable. The claim to women's equality is strongly reflected in the educational debate, where Astell intervenes proposing the creation of a philosophical-religious retirement that should lead to a separate public sphere able to prepare women to confront the male-run society.