Suchergebnisse

sur sa lettre à Mr. S.B., docteur en médecine à Kingston dans la Jamaïque, au sujet des troubles qui agitent actuellement toute l'Amérique Septentrionale. ; Florida Atlantic University Libraries' Marvin and Sybil Weiner Spirit of America Collection, Pamphlets: Foreign Language B17F33 ; Florida Atlantic Digital Library Collections

According to an increasingly dominant narrative, the 'Arab spring' was primarily prompted by a combination of the long term structural decline of MENA economies and sudden external shocks, in particular the global financial crisis and the attendant increase in commodity prices. It should nevertheless be noted that the Islamist winners of the first 'free' elections in Tunisia and Egypt advocate (d) economic and social policies that in many ways resemble those of their unelected predecessors. They immediately focused on demand side policies and proposed, in Egypt and Tunisia, respectively, a slightly modified form of economic nationalism and an updated and slightly modified form of liberalism. This article examines the major statements issued by the Islamist parties which, though not at the origin of the 2010-11 protests, were the principal beneficiaries of the subsequent elections. It also examines some key policies implemented by Islamist governments. The fad that the policies of these governments have been influenced less by popular demands expressed in the framework of the protests titan by the social groups that support them calls into question lopsided explanations that merely emphasize material loss, poverty and impoverishment. Adapted from the source document.

How to Teach Statistical Tests to French Sociology Students? - Reply to Philippe Cibois. The authors of the book, Introduction aux Méthodes Statistiques en Sociologie, reply to the preceding critique of their work by Philippe Cibois.

Application of Item Response Theory to the Analysis of Attitude Scales. The article presents Item Response Theory (lRT) and illustrates its application to the analysis of two measures of work-related attitudes -- value given to social aspects of the job and satisfaction with extrinasic aspects of the job. Results of IRT analysis show that extrinsic satisfaction cannot be measured in the same way among contract professionals as opposed to regular employees. Using information provided by IRT analysis. it appeared that satisfaction with salary cannot be included in a scale measuring extrinsic satisfaction because it does not contribute to the measure in the same way for the two groups of employees: furthermore, satisfaction with social benefits may be included in the scale only if discrimination and difficulty parameters are allowed to vary across groups. Analyses of variance using theta scores estimated in this way give statistical conclusions that are notably different form those obtained using traditional additive scores and permit refinement of interpretation.

AbstractAlthough workplace age discrimination research has been recognized as increasingly important, much less agreement has been reached regarding the operationalization and measurement of age discrimination. There are multiple age discrimination scales, yet no systematic investigation of potential convergence across those scales exists. We conducted two investigations of age discrimination scales that differ in multiple measurement characteristics (e.g., content domain). Findings of confirmatory factor analyses from Study 1 (N = 248) indicated that although different age discrimination scales were related to the same higher-order construct, they were not interchangeable as they each accounted for idiosyncratic measurement variance. The usage of different scales resulted in different magnitudes of the relationships between age discrimination and its correlates. In addition to the replication of these results in Study 2 (N = 939), an item response theory approach was applied to demonstrate that different age discrimination scales possess different levels of test information at different places of the latent trait continuum. Taken together, our findings provide implications for researchers to thoughtfully choose their operationalization of age discrimination.

INVESTIGATIONS WITH RESPECT TO PROPOSALS FOR GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GENERALLY DEAL WITH VALUES, IDEOLOGIES OR STRATEGIES OF PARTY LEADERS. THEORETICAL STUDIES PREDICT THAT, IN AN ENVIRONMENT WHERE INFORMATION IS IMPERFECT AND COSTLY, POLITICIANS HAVE INCENTIVES TO FORMULATE INTERVENTIONS, THE BENEFITS OF WHICH ARE CONCENTRATED WHILE THEIR COSTS ARE DIFFUSED. THE AUTHORS ELABORATE A THEORY OF SUPPLY OF GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION WHICH PREDICTS THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERVENTIONS THAT INCREASE THE NUMBER OF VOTES AS WELL AS THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIONS THAT LEAD TO VOTE LOSSES. THE PREDICTIONS OF THIS THEORY ARE TESTED BY USING THE PROPOSALS FOR GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN THE OFFICIAL PROGRAMMES OF THE POLITICAL PARTIES OF QUEBEC DURING THE 1960-1981 PERIOD. THE TWO BASIC FINDINGS ARE THAT (1) THE PREDICTION RELATIVE TO THE ANTI-CONSUMER AND ANTI-TAXPAYER BIAS OF THE POLITICAL MARKET IS NOT SUPPORTED BY THE FACTS, AND THAT (2) THE PARTY LEADERS PREFER TO FINANCE THE COST OF THEIR PROPOSALS OF GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION THROUGH THE MODE OF FISCAL ILLUSION INSTEAD OF HOPING FOR INATTENTION ON THE PART OF CONSUMERS AND TAXPAYERS.