Suchergebnisse

Article about system essence of social contradictions between a society and the power inevitably arising at level of municipal management. On the basis of V. Pareto heritage and the theory of self-organizing of I. Prigozhin the author analyzes deep problems of formation of a civil society in Russia. Статья о системной сущности социальных противоречий между обществом и властью неизбежно возникающих на уровне муниципального управления. На основе наследия В. Парето и теории самоорганизации И. Пригожина автор анализирует глубинные проблемы формирования гражданского общества в России. ; In Russian: Калужский М.Л. Проблемы общественного самоуправления в свете теории самоорганизации // Городское управление. – 1998. – № 5. – С. 47-49.

Article about system essence of social contradictions between a society and the power inevitably arising at level of municipal management. On the basis of V. Pareto heritage and the theory of self-organising of I. Prigozhin the author analyzes deep problems of formation of a civil society in Russia.

The article deals with the main problems of formation and effective functioning of the system of local self-government. Features of activity of system of this level of the power in modern Russian practice are noted. ; В статье рассмотрены основные проблемы формирования и эффективного функционирования системы местного самоуправления. Отмечены особенности деятельности системы данного уровня власти в современной российской практике.

Since 2005, the government funding of basic and applied research in Russia has been growing at different rates. However, no impressive results have been reached so far in high-tech production. It's share in total export volume hasn't signiicantly grow. The economy of Russia heavily depends on high-tech imports. Decreasing of the state budget in terms of economic instability and low oil prices leads to new risks and the need to ind new ways of R&D expenditures management in order to increase their effectiveness. The aim is to analyze government spending on applied research in the total research spending, in the context of government programs and codes of budget classiication and to make recommendations for improving the quality of state funding applied research. The methodology is based on analysis of budget expenditures in the context of government programs. The study has focus on the dynamics of changes in public spending on applied research in comparison with the dynamics of change in the total expenditure on science. It has revealed the changes in the amounts of applied research funding under government programs in 2014–2015. Expenditures on applied research are presented with a breakdown as per budget classiication codes. The government expenditures on applied research in the context of government programs of industrial production are analyzed. Recommendations are given how to improve the quality of budgetary spending on applied science.

One of the achievements of the reflectivist turn in international relations theory in the late 20th century was the attention given to the role of discourse and other ideational factors in international politics. In recent years, however, approaches critical of the discursive emphasis in international studies have emerged, seeking to restore the significance of non-discursive aspects of international relations such as geography, technology, and the non-human. This article offers a perspective on the development of international relations theory from the standpoint of the debate between materialism and idealism. Within this framework, it provides a brief overview of the historical evolution of international relations theory and subsequently delves into a detailed analysis of three strands of the new wave of materialist theorizing in the field - critical realism, new materialism, and neoclassical geopolitics. The article suggests considering the new materialist wave as, on the whole, a positive development, but also points out the necessity of taking into account the risk of "exiling" the human element from international relations research as such concepts proliferate. The possibility of collaboration between reflecivists and post-reflecivists, as well as between idealists and materialists in general, is underlined for the comprehensive study of contemporary international realities.

Проблемные вопросы развития существующих правовых форм самоорганизации муниципалитетов как органов самоуправления и их взаимодействия с органами государственной власти в лице органов управления, в том числе и действующих на низовом уровне, представляют собой давний объект научного исследования ученых. В статье рассматриваются направления взаимодействия органов местного управления и самоуправления Республики Беларусь, анализируется законодательство в этой сфере; различные виды форм взаимоотношений между органами власти в лице органов управления, действующих в том числе в сфере реализации права граждан на формирование органов власти посредством выборов, и органами местного самоуправления. На современном этапе развития Республики Беларусь все большую роль играет уровень демократии, характеризующийся степенью взаимодействия органов управления с органами местного самоуправления, и влияние органов местного самоуправления как института гражданского общества на процесс формирования публичной власти. Это обусловлено тем, что местное самоуправление является наиболее приближенным к населению уровнем публичной власти и тем самым осуществляет реализацию конституционного права на участие граждан в управлении государством. По результатам исследования предлагается перечень отдельных видов форм взаимодействия обозначенных субъектов властно-распорядительных отношений. Изложенные в работе теоретические выводы могут стать основой для совершенствования механизма взаимодействия органов государственной власти в лице органов местного управления с органами местного самоуправления. ; The study of problematic issues of development of existing legal forms of selforganization of municipalities as self-governing bodies, and their interaction with public authorities in the form of governing bodies, including those operating at the grassroots level, is a long-standing object of scientific research of scientists. The article considers the directions of interaction between local authorities and selfgovernment of the Republic of Belarus, analyzes the legislation in this area. The author analyzes different types of relations between the authorities in the form of governing bodies, including those operating in the sphere of realization of the right of citizens to form authorities through elections, and local governments. At the present stage of development of the Republic of Belarus, the level of democracy plays an increasingly important role, which is characterized, among other things, by the degree of interaction between government bodies and local self-government bodies, and the influence of local self-government bodies, as an institution of civil society, on the process of formation of public power. This is due to the fact that local self-government is the closest to the population level of public authority, and thereby implements the constitutional right to participate in the governance of state. According to the results of the research the list of separate types of forms of interaction of designated subjects of power and administrative relations is offered. The theoretical conclusions presented in the paper can become the basis for improving the mechanism of interaction of public authorities in the face of local government bodies with local authorities.

The article discusses the role and place of the marshal of nobility in the system of county administration and self-government in the post-reform period. The object of the study is the institute of county marshals of nobility in the Belarusian provinces in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. The study deterncines the changes in the government policy of the Russian autocracy related to the noble elections in Belarus after the 1863–1864 uprising. The main functions of County leaders in the sphere of class self-government are revealed. The main directions of activity of local heads of nobility in management of administrative district institutions are shown. The characteristics of the functioning of the institute of county marshals of nobility on the territory of Belarus are given. As a result of analysis of the laws the conclusion is made that the marshal of the nobility took the place of a full head of county, and during the period under review, the trend of expanding the powers of the marshals of nobility, testified to their transformation from in-class bodies in administrative, public bodies.

The paper considers some issues connected with developing the innovation theory in Russia and abroad drawing on Russian scientific literature and textbooks. It is revealed that while understanding the need for an innovative way for the development of national economy, Russia lacks a harmonious and conventional innovation theory. The paper presents a critique of theoretical positions of a number of Russian authors concerning classification and essence of innovation, the corresponding terminological paradigm alongside the main mechanisms of innovations diffusion. We provide a comparison and corresponding generalization of our approach to diffusion mechanisms with those of foreign scientists. We note that the insufficient preparedness of many researchers in contextual understanding of both foreign terms and some notions of political economy poses significant obstacles to the development of innovation theory in Russia. We finally offer some recommendations to improve the innovation theory in Russia.

The self-government today is a qualitatively new phenomenon, which preserved just the old name in the new conditions of privatization of property and privatization of enterprises, the rapid development of its private form, as relevant part of measures for transition to market relations. Self-government as a phenomenon of social life has always been, what stages of development the society was. Externally, self-governing relations were presented in different forms, which suggest that in the differences in the forms it is necessary to see the uniformity of nature. In different nations in different countries, and in the same nation in different historical periods, there were different social roles of subjects and objects of management and government, and their social, ethical and legal status, and, therefore, relations with state authorities and management. ; Самоуправление сегодня представляет собой качественно новое явление, сохранившее, по существу, лишь старое название в новых условиях разгосударствления собственности и приватизации предприятий, стремительного развития его частных форм, как релевантной части мер по переходу к рыночным отношениям. Самоуправление как явление социальной жизни было всегда, на каких бы этапах развития не находилось общество. Внешне самоуправленческие отношения представлялись разными формами, это означает, что за различием форм надо видеть единообразие сути. У разных народов в разных странах, да и одного и того же народа в разные исторические периоды, различными были общественные роли субъектов и объектов, как управления, так и самоуправления, их социальный, морально-этический и правовой статус, а, значит, и отношения с органами государственной власти и управления.

Article on the use of the paradigm of self-organization theory as a basis for the application of scientific methodology in the humanitarian and economic disciplines. The author substantiates the link between the laws of dialectics, thermodynamics, biology and patterns of socio-economic development.