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Each year, more than 15 million Chinese leave the rural areas of China and move to the cities. This figure exceeds 300,000 in the case of Shanghai. By the time 2010 cedes to 2011, the majority of China's population will be living in the cities. "Shanghai new towns. Searching for community and identity in a sprawling metropolis" documents and analyses the meteoric rate of urbanization of the countryside round Shanghai, most particularly the part played there by new towns and new villages. This decentralized planning model takes its cue from classic Western examples. A few pilot new towns have been developed on paper withhelp from Western designers and then adapted to suit Chinese standards. This book shows how the plans have been put into practice. Photos, essays by Chinese and Western critics and descriptions of projects illustrate what daily life looks like and how these new cities function within the Yangtze River Delta Metropolitan Area as a whole. It dwells at length on the international exchange of knowledge and the differences in method

本文的目的在於理解南潯作為一個繁榮的江南市鎮,如何在十九世紀的各個階段得到有效的管理,以及其領導層的組成如何隨著外界的政治經濟變遷而改變。作者選擇市鎮作為研究單位,其目的在於將市場和周邊的村落放在同一單位下檢視,以求更好地在經濟和社會層面認識中國之城鄉連續體的本質。通過細讀地方一手史料(包括地方志、族譜、報紙和文集),本文將不僅從制度的角度,同時也會通過地方權力持有者(包括地方官、下層士紳和商人)的具體活動,來觀察南潯鎮的權力結構。我的主要論點是,雖然地方的領導層從未放棄其自治權,但是該領導層的組成卻能夠靈活地在不同階段(1800-1842,1843-1864,1865-1890,1891-1911)進行重組,這造就了南潯鎮一整個世紀的社會穩定,除了其間遭受外來的太平天國戰爭的打擊。為了經營市場和經營更大的市鎮,地方領袖們成立了不同的組織且運用了不同的策略。概括而論,商人行會的成立是為了協調商業事務,而寺廟和善堂的維護則是為了建立一種社區共同體的意識并消弭潛在的社會衝突。在整個十九世紀,尤其是其後半段,地方領袖們的行政權和執法權都得到了擴張,其代價是官方權力的縮減,但其同時也確保了辛亥革命期間南潯的和平政權更迭。 ; This paper attempts to understand how a prosperous Jiangnan town, Nanxun, was managed in different periods of the 19th century and how its leadership evolved when the broad political and economic environment changed. The choice of a town as the unit for analysis was made under the intention to bring together the marketplace and the surrounding villages for examining the nature of Chinese urban-rural continuum both economically and socially. Through scrutiny of local primary sources, i.e., local gazetteers, genealogies, newspapers and literary collections, I am going to investigate the power structure of Nanxun town not only from an institutional perspective but also through the activities of local power agents, e.g., local officials, lower gentry and merchants. My thesis is that the local leadership never gave up autonomy over town management but its constitution changed flexibly in four stages (1800-1842, 1843-1864, 1865-1890, 1891-1911), resulting in long-term stability throughout the century except the major interruption by the exogenous Taiping war. For running the marketplace and the broad town, local leaders established different institutions and adopted different strategies. Generally speaking, the merchant guilds were founded for coordinating commercial affairs while the temples and charities were maintained for building a sense of community and easing potential conflicts over the town. Through the second half of the century, especially after several major mid-century structural changes, the ...

Wang Yu. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-111). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i ; Acknowledgements --- p.iii ; Table of Contents --- p.iv ; Tables and Notes --- p.v ; Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Scope of Study --- p.2 ; The Development of Naxi Studies --- p.6 ; Theoretical Framework --- p.11 ; Methodologies --- p.22 ; Structure of Thesis --- p.27 ; Chapter 2 --- Background to Tourism Development in Lijiang --- p.30 ; Naxi Culture and Dongba Religion --- p.30 ; Naxi's Family and House --- p.32 ; Economy in Lijiang --- p.35 ; Tourism Development in Lijiang --- p.38 ; Tourism-related Impacts on Lijiang Old Town --- p.41 ; Homestay Guesthouse in Lijiang Old Town --- p.44 ; Chapter 3 --- Encounter with Homestay Tourism --- p.47 ; Hosts and Guests --- p.47 ; Guesthouses and Local Hotels --- p.52 ; Hosts and Migrants --- p.55 ; Hosts and the Local Government --- p.59 ; Conclusion --- p.63 ; Chapter 4 --- """World Heritage"" Discourse and Homestay Tourism" --- p.64 ; Preparation for the Inscription --- p.64 ; UNESCO and World Heritage --- p.66 ; Scholars and Heritage Preservation --- p.71 ; UNESCO Conference and Problems --- p.74 ; Conclusion --- p.78 ; Chapter 5 --- """Authenticity"" within Homestay tourism" --- p.80 ; Constructing Naxi Ethnicity --- p.80 ; Constructing Home --- p.85 ; Constructing Heritage --- p.92 ; Conclusion --- p.99 ; Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.101 ; Bibliography --- p.106

Lau Chui-shan. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-122). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i-iii ; Acknowledgements --- p.iv ; Table of Contents --- p.v ; List of Illustrations --- p.vi ; Notes on Romanization --- p.vii ; Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Reviews of Existing Literature ; Chapter 1.2 --- Review of Materials used for this research topic ; Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of the thesis ; Chapter 2. --- Power Structure of the Old Market Town: The Build Up of Lineage Power- --- p.18 ; Chapter 2.1 --- The Development of the Tang Lineage in the Yuen Long Area ; Chapter 2.2 --- The Establishment of Yuen Long Market Town ; Chapter 2.3 --- Sphere of Influence ; Chapter 2.4 --- The Operational Period of the Old Yuen Long Market Town ; Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusion ; Chapter 3. --- Imposition of an Alien Administration --- p.36 ; Chapter 3.1 --- The Early Period of British Leased New Territories ; Chapter 3.2 --- The Opposition from the Local Powers of the New Territories ; Chapter 3.3 --- The Administrative Policy of the British Hong Kong Government in the New Territories ; Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusion ; Chapter 4. --- Emergence of the New Market Town --- p.58 ; Chapter 4.1 --- The Formation of a New Alliance ; Chapter 4.2 --- The Establishment and Development of the New Yuen Long Market Town ; Chapter 4.3 --- The Function of the Hop Yik Company ; Chapter 5. --- Adjustments in Town Management --- p.78 ; Chapter 5.1 --- The Improvement in Transportation and Communication and its influence on the area ; Chapter 5.2 --- The Development of Hop Yik Company ; Chapter 5.3 --- The Establishment of Heung Yee Kuk ; Chapter 6. --- Religion as Control --- p.91 ; Chapter 6.1 --- The Building of Market Temple ; Chapter 6.2 --- Tai Ping Qing Jiao ; Chapter 6.3 --- The Changing ritual organizer in Yuen Long ; Chapter 7. --- Conclusion: Redefining a Village Community --- p.101 ; Appendices --- p.108 ; Alphabetical ...

YÖK Tez No: 660232 ; Yirminci yüzyıl son çeyreğine doğru başta Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve batılı devletler olmak üzere bütün dünyada sosyal, kültürel ve politik alanlarda kimlik bunalımları yaşanmıştır. Bunun nedenleri arasında ekonomik krizler, küreselleşmenin varlığı, bilişim ve iletişimde sürekli gelişen teknolojiler sayılabilir. Bu değişimle birlikte kamu yönetimi alanında özellikle 1980'den sonra yeni bir anlayış meydana gelmiştir. Değişen süreçte artık geleneksel kamu yönetimi yerine yenilikçi bir kamu yönetimi anlayışına bırakarak literatüre paradigma değişimi olarak girmiştir. Kamu yönetimi alanında yaşanan değişim ve dönüşümler süreklilik göstererek gelişimini devam ettirmiş ve yönetim alanındaki son paradigma olarak anılan "Yönetişim" boyutunu hayatımıza katmıştır. Yönetişim reform uygulamalarıyla eskinin tek yanlı yönetim anlayışı yerine çok aktörlülüğü, merkeziyetçi bir yapının yerine yerelliği getirmesiyle birlikte demokrasi, katılımcılık ve hukukun üstünlüğü gibi ilkeleri ile hayatımızın pek çok alanında kendine yer edinmiştir. Son yıllarda küreselleşmenin ve uluslararası oluşumların katkılarıyla dünyada baş döndürücü gelişmeler yaşanmakta, ülkeler bu yeni formlara ayak uydurmaya çabalamaktadır. Nitekim ülkemiz de bu yarışta yerini almıştır. Öyle ki bir yandan kent konseyleri ile daha demokratik ve katılımcı bir yapılanma içine girmiş diğer yandan devletin ekonomiden elini çekmesiyle boşalan yerini bağımsız idari otoriteler ile doldurmaya çalışmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı 1980'li yıllarda paradigma değişimi ile meydana gelen kamu yönetimindeki dönüşümü yönetişim anlayışı çerçevesinde ülkemizde uygulama alanı bulan bağımsız idari otoriteler ve kent konseyleri bağlamında değerlendirmesini yapmaktır. ; Towards the quarter of the twentieth century, identity crises were experienced in social, cultural and political areas all over the World, especially in the United States of America and western states. The reasons for this include economic crises, the existence of globalization, and constantly evolving technologies in informatics and communication. With this change, a new understanding has emerged in the field of public administration, especially after 1980. In the changing process, it has entered the literature as a paradigm change, leaving it to an innovative public administration approach instead of traditional public management. The changes and transformations experienced in the field of public administration have continued its development and added "the governance" dimension, which is known as the last paradigm in the field of management, into our lives. With the governance reform implementations, it has taken a place in many areas of our lives with its principles such as democracy, participation and the rule of law, as it replaces the unilateral management understanding of the past with multi – actorship and localism instead of a centralized structure. In recent years, with the contributions of globalization and international formations, dizzying developments have been taking place in the World, and countries are trying to keep up with these new forms. As a matter of fact, our country took its place in this race. On the one hand, it entered into a more democratic and participatory structure with city councils, on the other hand, it tried to fill its vacant place with independent administrative authorities when the state withdrew from the economy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the transformation in public administration that occurred with the paradigm change in the 1980s in the context of the independent administrative authorities and the city council, which found a field of application in our country within the framework of the understanding of governance.

20. yüzyılla etkilerini hissettirmeye başlayan "yönetişim, ortaklıklar ve kardeş şehircilik olguları", yerel yönetimlerde çok geniş uygulama alanları bulmuş, bu olgulara atfedilen önem, tüm dünyada büyük bir ivme kazanmıştır. Yönetişimde uygulanan bir strateji olarak adlandırılabilecek ortaklıklar, beraberinde kardeş şehir ilişkilerini de getirmiştir. Bu nedenle bu tez, bu kavramların, modern dünyada ve gündelik hayatta yönetim yapılarını nasıl etkilediğinin ortaya konulması amacıyla yazılmıştır. Çalışmanın diğer bir amacı da, daha önce pek değinilmeyen bölgesel ya da ulusal nitelikteki kardeş şehir uygulamalarının ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel ve çevresel alandaki etkilerinin belirlenmesidir. Yerel yönetimler her ne kadar yönetişim modelini kendi bünyelerinde uygulasalar ya da uygulamaya çalışsalar da günümüz koşullarında çeşitliliği artan ihtiyaçlar ulusal ve uluslararası alanlarda birtakım ortaklıklar ve işbirlikleri kurmayı zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Küreselleşme eğilimlerinin arttığı bu dönemde beliren ihtiyaçlar karşısında belediyeler kendi imkânlarıyla çıkış bulamadıkları noktada ortaklık ve kardeşlik ilişkileriyle çözüm aramış ve ihtiyaçların sadece ekonomik olmadığı, ulusal ve uluslararası ölçekte hem ülkelerin hem de kentlerin birbirlerinin kültürlerini tanımak istediği görülmüştür. Bu bilgiler ışığında, Türkiye'nin başkenti olan "Ankara"nın kardeş şehirleriyle ilişkileri ve bu ilişkilerin ne gibi etkiler yarattığı bu tezde incelenmiştir. ; Making their influences known in the 20th century, phenomena such as "governance, partnership and town twinning" have undergone a vast range of practical implementation in local governments and the importance attributed to these phenomena has come into prominence all over the world. The phenomenon of partnership, which can be described as a strategy used in governance, has brought about town twinning relations. For this reason, this thesis has been written in order to exhibit how these phenomena affect governmental institutions both in the modern world and in daily life. Another purpose of the present study is to determine the economic, social, cultural and environmental effects of regional or national town-twinning implementations which have not been quite touched upon in this frame. No matter how much the local governments enforce or try to enforce a governance model in their own entities, the continuously varying needs in today's conditions have made it obligatory to establish some partnerships and co-operations in national and international areas. Faced with the requirements of the globalized world, at the point where the municipalities could not find a solution through their own means, they looked for a solution through affiliation and town-twinning, and they saw that the needs were not only economic; the countries and the cities would like to know the cultures of one another both on a national and an international level. In the light of these data, the relations of Ankara, the capital city of Turkey, with its twin towns and the effects these relations create have been examined in this study.

Tam, Kin Lun. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Chapter CHAPTER I: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Evaluation of Previous Scholarship --- p.6 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Methodology and Sources --- p.8 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Selection of the Period of Study and Structure of the Research --- p.11 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Town Planning in Hong Kong: A Brief History --- p.15 ; Chapter ´Ø --- The Garden City Concept --- p.23 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Practice of New Town Design in Britain --- p.28 ; Chapter ´Ø --- British Influence in Hong Kong --- p.35 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Summary --- p.40 ; Chapter CHAPTER II: --- "GOVERNING COLONIAL HONG KONG, NEW TOWN DEVELOPMENT AND THE FOUNDATION OF TIN SHUI WAI BEFORE 1982" --- p.53 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Political and Housing Pressure in the Immediate Postwar Era --- p.54 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Steps towards a New Horizon: The Trend towards New Towns (1964-1972) --- p.59 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Shift of Colonial Governance --- p.67 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Beginning of Early Hong Kong's New Towns (1972-1982) --- p.72 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Foundation of Tin Shui Wai --- p.80 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Summary --- p.90 ; Chapter CHAPTER III: --- "EARLY STAGE OF TIN SHUI WAI'S URBAN TRANSFORMATION, CIRCA 1979- 1997" --- p.115 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Rise of the Tin Shui Wai Development Idea --- p.116 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Fall of Mightycity's Heavenly Hopes --- p.120 ; Chapter ´Ø --- The Defective 1982 Agreement --- p.130 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Planning the Town: The 1983 Master Development Plan and Its Appraisal --- p.135 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Implementation of the 1983 MDP and Tin Shui Wai Urban Development --- p.149 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Summary --- p.161 ; Chapter CHAPTER IV: --- "WATERSHED FOR THE GROWTH OF TIN SHUI WAI'S NEWTOWN, 1997-2009" --- p.180 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Early Political Ambitions to Expand the Tin Shui Wai Development --- p.181 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Planning the Tin Shui Wai Reserve Zone --- p.185 ; Chapter ´Ø --- An Assessment of the 1995 Town Plan --- p.193 ...

Ben shu shu li yan jiu liao zi 20 shi ji 20 nian dai yi lai Riben cheng shi hua jin cheng ji ge zhong xiang guan wen ti,bing yu Zhongguo 20 shi ji 80 nian dai yi lai de cheng zhen hua jin cheng zuo liao dui bi,fa xian liang guo ji cun zai'ban cheng shi hua''du shi hua'deng gong xing de wen ti,ye cun zaiʹji zhi du,tu di zheng yong ji yong tu guan li zhi du deng fang mian de cha yi,ben shu jie jian ri ben jing yan,wei Zhongguo de cheng zhen hua jian she gei chu liao xiang ying de jian yi.ben shu hai tao lun liao zhu ru'shi yu'yu'ren kou mi ji di qu'liang zhong bu tong biao zhun di cheng shi hua,yi ji zheng fu gui hua de cheng shi hua yu shi ji yan hua de cheng shi hua zhi guan xi deng ling ren gan xing qu de wen ti