Suchergebnisse

In the course of their history, trade unions have had a choice between two types of ideologies. The 1st, characteristic of US trade unionism, accepts the existing pol'al & econ order, & directs its efforts toward assuring a n eutral attitude on the part of the gov which would permit them to obtain within the existing framework a higher standard of living for labor. The adoption of this `economic' conception implies, sooner or later, the abandonment of the individualistic conception of the body politic: the state is forced to recognize the existence of diff interest groups, sometimes directly opposed to each other, by virtue of the pressures they exert. European trade unionism, on the other hand, has generally chosen a `political' conception of its role, though the positions adopted vary considerably from one country to another & from Cath to Communist trade unions. (Translated by Z. Dana from IPSA).

The similarity between State and trade unions consists in the fact that both are associations; the State pursuing general aims and the trade unions private ones. Taking the historical example of ancient Rome, the author shows how private associations were independent in the beginning and became later subject to the Sate's aims. Continuing his historic review of the subsequent social struggles he describes the dismemberment during the Middle Ages, the growing strength the State could achieve which resulted in the victory if the liberal State over the corporations during the French Revolution, as well as the recent renewal of their strength in a transition between liberal and planned economy. However the author distinguishes between the planned economy of a totalitarian State (ordination principle) and that of a democratic State (coordination principle), in which the State assumes the function of facilitating the transformation which will lead to an industrial democracy, in which labor will have a share in the profits. ; Facultad de Ciencias Económicas

The letters exchanged in May of 1958 between the President of Brazil & the President of the US have clearly indicated the key problem present in Hispano-Amer relations. In Latin America, the US has not attempted to do away with the opposition of underdevelopment & anti-communism. In fact, the attitude the US has adopted toward the South American states since WWII has led these states to the edge of a second revolution. Cuba has given the signal. The only way that this menace can be avoided is by putting into action a vast plan of development that would include the entire Latin American Continent. Under Brazilian urging, & with help from Washington, the Union of American States is charged with carrying out 'Operation Panamerican' for the development of South American states. For this purpose a Committee of 21 was formed in Sep, 1958. Other steps were taken in 2 treaties: the Treaty of the Latin American Ass'n for Free Trade & the Treaty of Central American Free Trade. It will be necessary for the Latin American gov's to learn to carry out the econ & soc changes which are now so obviously necessary. Tr by J. A. Broussard from IPSA.