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AbstractDiscussions of weapons taboos have failed to take into account the possibility that prescriptive international and national norms of behavior may come into conflict. Using psychological studies of trade-offs and protected values as a guide, this article argues that when these conflicts exist, the taboos' individual-level constraining effects can be vitiated. An analysis of General George Marshall's proposal to use chemical weapons against the Japanese in 1945 demonstrates that normative conflict can produce a readiness to violate weapons taboos. In these situations, state decisions to violate taboos may depend on the extent to which the perception of normative conflict is shared by other decision makers and society more generally.

Tragedy as Symbolism It is the symbolic nature of Oedipus' quest which most centrally links the notions of Tragedy and Symbolism in the Oedipus Tyrannus, and that under the aegis of the concepts of home and homing.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction: Why tragedy? Why now? -- PART I -- 2. Beyond intentionality: The will, agency, and subjectivity in ancient and classical tragedy -- 3. The tragic individual: Catharsis, the hero, and the flaw in Aristotle and beyond -- 4. Modern tragedy and its subjects: Shakespeare, Freud, and post-Christian metaphysics -- PART II -- 5. The theodicy of suffering: Abjection under capitalism -- 6. From hero to celebrity: Fame, familiarity, and redemptionv -- 7. Tragedy of the commons: Genre and collective agency amidst climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic -- 8. Toward a tragic social science: Responsibility, critique, and thinking diffractively -- Index.