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Almost seventy years ago German philosophers Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno predicted the immense influence of capitalism and commercialization on media systems and media content. Today commodification and the hunger for fun, spectacle, shock and emotions have become an intrinsic part of media offer and consumption. The central place belongs to television and the transformation of the news industry into packages of high-emotional stories, very often in sequels. Spectacle, strong emotional bond and empathetic members of audience are important elements of what media expert Brian A. Monahan calls public drama - a new hybrid form of television news. The American mainstream media transformed the terrorist attack on the USA on the 11th of September 2001 into '9/11' - a series of dramatic and emotional stories which imposed certain frames of understanding of what happened - and which were built into the cultural memory. In the first few hours after the attack the core of the 9/11 narrative was born: moral shock, a strong emotional bond with the victims of the attacks, transformation of rescuers into heroes, a feeling of love and togetherness among Americans, along with worldwide compassion. Emphasis was put on emotions, fear and a sort of spectacle of crisis, with little discussion about responsibility and critical evaluation of the reasons behind the attacks. Focus on human tragedies, fear and panic are immersed in a wider story about terrorist attacks which is a big threat to America. The power of television and its pictures to form and impose frames of understanding events is huge, along with the long-term consequences this can have on the audience, but politics as well. Adapted from the source document.

Almost seventy years ago German philosophers Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno predicted the immense influence of capitalism and commercialization on media systems and media content. Today commodification and the hunger for fun, spectacle, shock and emotions have become an intrinsic part of media offer and consumption. The central place belongs to television and the transformation of the news industry into packages of high-emotional stories, very often in sequels. Spectacle, strong emotional bond and empathetic members of audience are important elements of what media expert Brian A. Monahan calls public drama - a new hybrid form of television news. The American mainstream media transformed the terrorist attack on the USA on the 11th of September 2001 into '9/11' - a series of dramatic and emotional stories which imposed certain frames of understanding of what happened - and which were built into the cultural memory. In the first few hours after the attack the core of the 9/11 narrative was born: moral shock, a strong emotional bond with the victims of the attacks, transformation of rescuers into heroes, a feeling of love and togetherness among Americans, along with worldwide compassion. Emphasis was put on emotions, fear and a sort of spectacle of crisis, with little discussion about responsibility and critical evaluation of the reasons behind the attacks. Focus on human tragedies, fear and panic are immersed in a wider story about terrorist attacks which is a big threat to America. The power of television and its pictures to form and impose frames of understanding events is huge, along with the long-term consequences this can have on the audience, but politics as well. Adapted from the source document.

Autor analizira transformaciju Hrvatske demokratske zajednice (HDZ) u tip prezidencijalizirane stranke, koja se kao novi obrazac stranačke organizacije pojavljuje u sklopu šireg procesa prezidencijalizacije politike. Prezidencijalizacija političkih stranaka zamjećuje se u svim oblicima stranačke organizacije: u stranačkoj središnjici, stranci u Vladi i u parlamentarnoj stranačkoj frakciji. Autor najprije daje kratak pregled nastanka i razvoja HDZ-a do 2000. godine i dolaska Ive Sanadera na čelo stranke, određujući tu godinu kao demarkacijsku točku demokratske transformacije u Hrvatskoj i argumentirajući zašto istraživanjem neće obuhvatiti razvoj stranačke organizacije HDZ-a prije 2000. Zatim rastvara kontingentne i strukturne promjene u stranci i obrazlaže ih teorijskim i metodološkim alatima koncepta prezidencijalizacije. Promatrajući procese na sve tri razine demokratske politike, pokušava utvrditi uklapa li se HDZ u obrazac prezidencijalizirane stranke. Analiza je pokazala da se HDZ može svrstati u tip predsjedničke stranke koja je nastala kao rezultat tendencijske prezidencijalizacije stranačke strukture. Primijenjeni empirijski indikatori otkrivaju kako se HDZ oblikovao u tip prezidencijalizirane stranke na sve tri razine demokratske politike: stranačke organizacije, izbornog procesa i izvršne vlasti. ; The author analyses the transformation of the Croatian Democratic Union (Hrvatska demokratska zajednica; HDZ) into a type of a presidentialised party, which has arisen as a new pattern of party organisation within the broader process of the presidentialisation of politics. The presidentialisation of political parties can be observed in all forms of party organisation: party head offices, the party in the government, and in a parliamentary party faction. In the first place, the author gives an outline of the emergence and development of the CDU up to 2000 and Ivo Sanader taking the leadership of the party, identifying this year as a demarcation point of democratic transformation in Croatia and arguing why he ...

The article opens with an introduction to the key aspects of the globalization debates and their controversies, while it later deals with the crisis of the national model of citizenship. Since the 1990's the debate is between the advocates of two conflicting theses. According to the first camp of authors, citizenship has proven resistant to the globalization changes in the economic, political and cultural sphere, and even capable of revival. On the other side, it has been argued that the identity of a person, as a member of a national community, was gradually separated from its human and civil rights. That led to the establishment of a 'postnational model of membership' -- individual and group rights independent of citizenship. According to the second camp, the nation state was fundamentally transformed and it has become an instrument for implementation of the international conventions and norms of human rights understood as personal instead of citizenship rights. There are also attempts to reconcile the two standpoints. These authors recognize the challenges to the conventional national mode of citizenship, but argue that the processes of citizenship transformation are primarily an internal issue for the liberal democracies. Some authors try to step out of the narrow and exclusive conceptual frameworks of the nation state and postnational membership, attempting to explain the conflicting transformation processes of citizenship rights. There are also proposals for new concepts of citizenship -- a multicultural and a supranational, for example -- as a response to the challenges of globalization and international migration. Finally, postmodern writers talk about postmodern or a cosmopolitan citizenship that is not immediately tied to the nation-state. Adapted from the source document.

The article opens with an introduction to the key aspects of the globalization debates and their controversies, while it later deals with the crisis of the national model of citizenship. Since the 1990's the debate is between the advocates of two conflicting theses. According to the first camp of authors, citizenship has proven resistant to the globalization changes in the economic, political and cultural sphere, and even capable of revival. On the other side, it has been argued that the identity of a person, as a member of a national community, was gradually separated from its human and civil rights. That led to the establishment of a 'postnational model of membership' -- individual and group rights independent of citizenship. According to the second camp, the nation state was fundamentally transformed and it has become an instrument for implementation of the international conventions and norms of human rights understood as personal instead of citizenship rights. There are also attempts to reconcile the two standpoints. These authors recognize the challenges to the conventional national mode of citizenship, but argue that the processes of citizenship transformation are primarily an internal issue for the liberal democracies. Some authors try to step out of the narrow and exclusive conceptual frameworks of the nation state and postnational membership, attempting to explain the conflicting transformation processes of citizenship rights. There are also proposals for new concepts of citizenship -- a multicultural and a supranational, for example -- as a response to the challenges of globalization and international migration. Finally, postmodern writers talk about postmodern or a cosmopolitan citizenship that is not immediately tied to the nation-state. Adapted from the source document.

The paper explores the impact of innovativeness on the process of development. Innovativeness is perceived as an ability of transformation of the existing ideas into useful new forms or combinations that are multiplied & turned into technological innovations. The development guided by information technologies contributes to the accelerated increase in productivity, & unlike the previous technologies, it exerts impact on globalization by strengthening actual & financial relations. Not only that in-formation technologies incite trade in goods but they create information products of great market value. The author points to the fact that innovativeness does not only entail the economic dimension, but it involves all fields of life, producing an invaluable impact on social, educational, cultural & other trends. References. Adapted from the source document.

Zbog specifične izgradnje bolnice i njezina smještaja, hrvatska je vlada odlučila da će Klinička bolnica Dubrava u potpunosti biti pretvorena u ustanovu za liječenje pacijenata oboljelih od bolesti COVID-19 za sjevernu Hrvatsku. U ožujku 2020. godine transformacija je započela stavljajući brojne izazove pred zaposlenike, posebno medicinske sestre. Transformacija je započela prilagodbom prostora i razvojem mnogih protokola, smjernica i radnih uputa vezanih za kretanje pacijenata i bolničkog osoblja unutar ustanove, pravilnu upotrebu osobne zaštitne opreme i rješavanje različitih situacija povezanih s COVID-19 bolesti. Operacijske medicinske sestre imale su velik doprinos u ovoj borbi radom u promijenjenim uvjetima, dislociranim operacijskim dvoranama, edukacijom medicinskog i nemedicinskog bolničkog osoblja o ispravnoj upotrebi osnovnih zaštitnih sredstava (OZS) te upravljanjem i raspolaganjem s OZS-om. Na valovima pandemije COVID-19 izazovno je brzo se prilagođavati učestalim promjenama u smjernicama i pratiti potrebe pacijenata te se istovremeno pripremati za mogući treći val pandemije i slične buduće scenarije. ; Due to the specific construction of the hospital and its location, the Croatian government decided that Clinical Hospital Dubrava will be fully converted into an institution for the treatment of COVID-19 positive patients for Northern Croatia. In March 2020 the transformation began bringing many challenges in front of employees, especially nurses. The transformation started with the conversion of space and the development of many protocols, guidelines, and work instructions related to the movement of patients and hospital staff within the institution, proper use of PPE, and dealing with various situations related to COVID-19. Operating nurses largely contributed to this fight by working in changed conditions, in dislocated operating rooms, by educating medical and non-medical hospital staff to correct use of PPE and management and disposition of PPE. In the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is challenging to adapt quickly to frequent changes in guidelines and monitor patient needs while preparing for a possible third pandemic wave and similar future scenarios.

This article analyzes the formation of the "Association for the Yugoslav Democratic Initiative" (UJDI), promoted by a group of intellectuals from the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Zagreb in early 1989. The aim of this association was the democratic transformation of Yugoslavia during a period of political and economic crises. The paper focuses on the debate about constitutional reform and the constitutional "model" proposed by UJDI. Through UJDI's experience, the author analyzes some of the aspects and implications of the political cultures at the end of the 1980s. Furthermore, the author contributes new perspectives on the Yugoslav political crisis and the attempts of UJDI to call for democratization as the country teetered on the brink of war. Adapted from the source document.

In many countries the violations of human rights & the deterioration of democracy are a direct consequence of the inability of the civilian government to control their military & security forces. The military are a part of society & as such should be monitored regularly & efficiently by the civilian, political authorities. The civilian control of the military in the US was enacted by the Constitution of 1789. The initiative "Partnership for Peace" has the central role in the transformation of the armed forces in the transitional countries, & the civilian control of the army is the prerequisite for bolstering democracy. Analysis of the political & defense system of the Republic of Croatia definitely indicates that in Croatia, even at this stage, there is efficient control of the armed forces. 14 References. Adapted from the source document.

The author looks into the political, historical, & intellectual beginnings of the debate about liberalism & communitarianism in the US from the standpoint of sociology. Then he goes on to describe its reception in Europe & finally to depict in greater detail its course in Germany. The purpose of the whole analysis may be reduced to the investigation of the possibilities for a transfer of theoretical & political debates from one into another national & social & political hermeneutical situation. On the one hand, the author is skeptical towards such transfers since they are at the same time very courageous transformations, while on the other this points to the common economic & political characteristics of contemporary industrial societies of the West that enable such transfers & make them understandable. Adapted from the source document.

The first part of the article is a review of contemporary comparative politics research in Qennany. The conclusion of the first part is that serious attempts to-overcome the structural weaknesses of this political science sub discipline are made only from the 1990's on. The biggest credit for it goes to the research on political & social transformation that has also contributed substantially to the development of regional comparative studies. In the second part, the author shows both the structural weaknesses & the new positive developments by reviewing five recently published comparative studies. The most important among the weaknesses is the "lockedness" into the traditional framework of studying systems of government, as well as a lack of methodological consciousness, theoretical eclecticism, strong descriptive normativism & a bias in the selection of study cases. References. Adapted from the source document.

The author gives an account of the evolution of the theories of institutional design or constitutional engineering in political science in the last twenty years. This is a special branch of political science that looks into how political institutions may serve as the means of conflict management in divided societies & whether they may be constructed in such a way as to contribute to the conflict resolution, democratization & the democratic stability of societies in general. Their rise was theoretically enabled by new institutionalism & historically by the third wave of democratization of autocratic political regimes since the 1970s & particularly since the 1990s. Using several seminal works to illustrate her point, the author shows how the theories of institutional design overlap with the theories of democratic transformation, consociational democracy, liberal democracy, & others. 42 References. Adapted from the source document.

The question of how the identity of a political party can be transformed not only ideologically & politically, but also conceptually, is one that preoccupies Croatian political elites, as well as observers of the postwar political scene in Southeastern Europe, where labels such as Right & Left no longer have the same relevance they once did. The Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) has undergone a similar transformation since the death of Croatian president Franjo Tudjman, particularly as it has had to come to terms with the diminution of its status as the Croatian party par excellence. A key question for the party membership is whether the organization can overcome its recent past (marked by nationalism & war) & reify itself as a democratic political party along the lines of conservative Christian Democratic parties throughout Europe. 14 References. A. Siegel

Even though many would have bet on NATO's demise after the Cold War and consider it now to be an archaic, antiquated alliance — as the reality that led to its formation no longer exists to justify its purpose — the need for collective defence in an increasingly complicated security environment stands as grounds for its ever-growing importance and its need to adapt to a spectrum of challenges that is becoming more diversified. NATO has long surpassed its military defensive role and has adapted to new challenges and new threats, while it has broadened its security agenda accordingly. The 'out of area' missions that dragged the Alliance out of its borders brought more meaning to the community of shared values, whilst allowing it to become both a security exporter, and a values and norms exporter. The International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) mission in Afghanistan comprises NATO's transformation and adaptation to the new security challenges and its diffusion of norms in the 'near abroad'. ; Even though many would have bet on NATO's demise after the Cold War and consider it now to be an archaic, antiquated alliance — as the reality that led to its formation no longer exists to justify its purpose — the need for collective defence in an increasingly complicated security environment stands as grounds for its ever-growing importance and its need to adapt to a spectrum of challenges that is becoming more diversified. NATO has long surpassed its military defensive role and has adapted to new challenges and new threats, while it has broadened its security agenda accordingly. The 'out of area' missions that dragged the Alliance out of its borders brought more meaning to the community of shared values, whilst allowing it to become both a security exporter, and a values and norms exporter. The International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) mission in Afghanistan comprises NATO's transformation and adaptation to the new security challenges and its diffusion of norms in the 'near abroad'.

The development of regional cooperation in Southeastern Europe is very low in comparison with other European regions. The changes occurring in the attitudes of the international community (through increased sensitivity & familiarity with the situation in the field & the new democratic advances of Croatia) are now creating favorable conditions for the development of regional cooperation. This region can be strengthened through international efforts, including the international community's presence, since with its economic, political & even police/military resources it has enough instruments to support these developments. Southeastern Europe is expected to commence its transformation of the relationships by developing different forms of useful cooperation that should lead to increased security & a more peaceful coexistence. In this context, by means of regional cooperation, it should be possible to integrate this area into the Euro-Atlantic region as a whole. Adapted from the source document.