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Abstract
Rapid urbanisation and food system transformation in Africa have been accompanied by growing food insecurity, reduced dietary diversity, and an epidemic of non-communicable disease. While the contribution of wild and indigenous foods (WIF) to the quality of rural household diets has been the subject of longstanding attention, research on their consumption and role among urban households is more recent. This paper provides a case study of the consumption of WIF in the urban corridor of northern Namibia with close ties to the surrounding rural agricultural areas. The research methodology involved a representative household food security survey of 851 urban households using tablets and ODK Collect. The key methods for data analysis included descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression. The main findings of the analysis included the fact that WIFs are consumed by most households, but with markedly different frequencies. Frequent consumers of WIF are most likely to be female-centred households, in the lowest income quintiles, and with the highest lived poverty. Frequent consumption is not related to food security, but is higher in households with low dietary diversity. Infrequent or occasional consumers tend to be higher-income households with low lived poverty and higher levels of food security. We conclude that frequent consumers use WIF to diversify their diets and that occasional consumers eat WIF more for reasons of cultural preference and taste than necessity. Recommendations for future research include the nature of the supply chains that bring WIF to urban consumers, intra-household consumption of WIF, and in-depth interviews about the reasons for household consumption of WIF and preferences for certain types of wild food.

Is being performed at Halberstadt, Germany, by ORGAN2/ASL SP (1987), an organ piece by the American avant-garde composer, John Milton Cage (1912–1992), music theorist and pioneer in aleatorics, electronic music and the non-standard use of musical instruments, whom music critics have called one of the most influential American composers of the 20th, known for his radical attempts to subvert listeners' conventional ideas of what music is and should be. With this performance, with a running time of 639 years and being the world's longest performance of a piece of music that will reach its finale at 2640, with a break at 2319, the initiators of the ORGAN2/ASLSP organ piece at Halberstadt seek to explore in practice the direction of the musical movement set by the composer — "as slowly as possible" that Cage laid out for the work. ORGAN2/ASLSP invites listeners to reconsider what we mean by music: is something still music if the length of performance exceeds the length of human life? In essence, Organ2/ASLSP contains the idea of a paradigm shift stemming from the transformation of musical technology, presented by the composer as a transition from linear to complex thinking, from determinism to indeterminism, to the creation, instead of static art objects, of moving and changing artistic processes that predetermine a new technique and aesthetics of music performance. ORGAN2/ASLSP's performance questions the boundaries of musical performance, from the role of the performer to the role of the listener, the material and temporal conditions of music, to articulate how slow is "as slow as possible", prompting us to essentially reconsider the fundamental parameters of music.

The aim of the paper is to analyse the indicators of the healthcare system efficiency in Croatia and to assess its effectiveness based on a comparison with other EU countries. The analysis of the efficiency of the healthcare system in Croatia and 21 selected EU countries in the period from 2013 to 2018 was conducted by the application of the dynamic DEA window analysis (WDEA). According to the results of the analysis, the overall efficiency of expenditure on healthcare in relation to average life expectancy is on the lowest level in Croatia, amounting to 57% in 2018. While cost-effectiveness of the Croatian healthcare system is on the maximum level of 100%, systemic effectiveness amounts to only 48%. According to the aforementioned indicator, Croatia has recorded the lowest efficiency in relation to the selected EU countries, the efficiency of which amounted to 88% in 2018. Therefore, inefficiencies of the healthcare system are generated during the transformation of intermediary inputs into treatment outcomes, which means that Croatia could achieve the same health outcomes with a lesser engagement of intermediary resources. According to the results of the panel analysis, smoking and alcohol consumption are the key determinants of the efficiency of healthcare protection in EU countries. Croatia does not invest enough into health promotion measures and prevention of diseases, for which it spends only 3% of the overall expenditure on healthcare. Strengthening of public healthcare policies against smoking and alcohol consumption and the increase of excise duties on tobacco products and alcoholic beverages could indirectly influence the improvement of health outcomes, while maintaining the existing levels of expenditure on healthcare. Key words: healthcare system efficiency, financial sustainability of healthcare system, DEA method.

The relevance of this study lies in the fact that, despite many years of research on the relationship between man and the state, problems in this part continue to persist, a panacea for establishing a complete understanding between these actors has not been found. This article is an attempt to answer some questions through the prism of the analysis of the constitutional and legal status of subjects based on the author's theory of their relationship. This work is devoted to the study of the constitutional and legal status of a person, the state as a whole, the Russian Federation and state bodies from the standpoint of the theory of the correlation of subjects of law developed by the author, the essence of which is to establish and study absolutely all relations of subjects, including ineffective influence by virtue of powers, rights or duties that do not involve active actions, for subsequent legal regulation and accounting of what is really happening in life. In the preparation of this material, methods of analysis and synthesis were mainly used, since in order to consider the connections between the subjects, it was necessary to study each of them separately in order to come to the desired conclusions after the subsequent unification. A large volume of the invoice is taken from the scientific literature, in connection with which it is obvious to use the method of expert assessments. The result of the work done is to establish the true position of the subjects listed above in the system of their relationship with each other, which can be the basis for subsequent management decisions, the transformation of constitutional and legal regulation or further research by scientists interested in similar issues.

The problem of the psychological safety of education in the last decades of the life of Russia is becoming more and more practically and theoretically relevant: qualitative and quantitative transformations of situations and types of violations of the psychological safety of education require systematic, generalizing research and practical developments in the field of its preservation and restoration. Our research is an attempt at a systematic understanding of the problems of the psychological safety of education – a step towards the creation of an integrative theory of this phenomenon. The aim of the research is to analyze the problems of psychological safety of education. The research method is an integrative theoretical analysis of the problems of the psychological safety of education. The work contributes to the creation of a systemic model of the psychological safety of education. The problem of psychological safety of education includes the problems of personal, interpersonal, educational, professional and organizational safety, it is closely related to the issues of innovations and reforms in higher, secondary and primary education, including the problems of resistance to innovations and changes in the educational environment, the problems of innovation stress, and also issues of prevention and correction of pediogeny and mathetogeny. The indicators of the psychological safety of a person in the conditions of an educational institution of education are: 1) the safety of a person as a person; 2) the safety of a person as a partner; 3) the safety of a person as a student and a professional. The research contributes to the development of an integrative model of the psychological safety of education and the search for new, integrative ways to achieve, maintain and restore it.

The vision for the Counter-Memorias Digital Testimonio Project is to create an online non-custodial archive of video-recorded testimonios and pedagogical resources centered on the memories and experiences of women from Latin American and Caribbean diasporas living in Southern California. The project centers on those with social identities traditionally excluded from homogenous conceptualizations of latinidad, including, but not limited to Afro/Black, Indigenous, Asian, Central American, Muslim, Queer, Trans, and multi-racial/ethnic identities. In doing this, the project seeks to reformulate the Latin American oral history methodology of testimonio to engage the voices of those often excluded from U.S. Chicana/Latina theorization of the genre, while critiquing colonial power relations. As a part of this process, the project de-centers Western digital archives methods by employing the everyday technologies used by diasporic migrant women (e.g., mobile phones and WhatsApp) to forge networked connections with loved ones. Currently, in its pilot phase, this essay focuses on the process of recording the project's first testimonies, which come from two Garifuna women, a grandmother and a granddaughter. Garifuna (or Garinagu) are an Afro/Black Indigenous people descended from Carib and Arawak peoples and West Africans who escaped colonial enslavement during a shipwreck in the 15th century near the Caribbean Island known today as St. Vincent. The intervention made here is an attempt to highlight the stories of those who have been systemically erased, guided by the principles of reciprocity and redistributive relations to achieve social transformation even in the face of seemingly insurmountable obstacles. In this regard, I hope that our testimonio process will enact new modes of storytelling that move us further toward a translocal ethical-political strategy of liberation.

The article examines the relationship between the UAE and South Korea in various fields, which received a new impetus for development in the second decade of this century, under the influence of the need of the Arab state of the Gulf to implement its strategic economic tasks. Last years the UAE became a country, which aims to deeply transform its economic structures and become a high developed industrial nation with economy based on innovations and new technologies. To achieve this goal the UAE should develop relations with new partners, which obtain high technological level and experience in rapid transformation of its economy like the Republic of Korea – one of the world's most highly industrialized nations. Last years the UAE intensified their foreign policy. Their geopolitical interests were not connected only with the Middle East as in previous period or traditional partners like the USA and some European states, but they included Eastern and Southern Asia, Africa and Eastern Mediterranean. The contacts with South Korea were a part of new foreign strategy of the UAE. The author analyzes the development of political contacts between the two countries, which were established in the previous period, but then were activated. He also traces the dynamics of relations development in the field of culture, which created the necessary basis for the intensification of cooperation in the economic sphere. The article shows the growth of trade relations and in the volume of investments that the UAE directs to the development of renewable energy production. The author pays special attention to cooperation between the UAE and South Korea in the field of nuclear energy, which has become an indicator of the success achieved by these countries in establishing strategic partnerships.

The article focuses on the process of restructuring the natural gas market in Europe. It is shown that the transformation of the European gas market is taking place under the decisive influence of the political decision of the European Commission and the governments of the EU largest gas consuming countries, first, to reduce gas consumption as much as possible in the shortest time; second, to replace Russian gas with imports from alternative sources. As both tasks have the highest priority, the EU countries act within the framework of political, not market logic, regardless of significant economic costs. To hedge against very high gas prices EU introduced since 15 February 2023 the market correction mechanism, capping the price of gas from the above. It is also expected the mandatory filling of gas storage facilities to at least 90% of their capacity before the winter season since 2023 would pressure gas prices downwards. Natural gas exporting companies operate within a system of market coordinates and are ready to participate in the process of transforming the European natural gas market only to the extent that does not contradict their economic interests. The politicization of gas cooperation between the EU and the US at the interstate level cannot change the market behavior of companies. Given the uncertainty regarding the perspective demand for gas in Europe, gas exporting companies are interested in concluding long-term contracts for the export-import of gas on a "take or pay" basis. Europe's unwillingness to massively engage into the long-term import-export contracts for LNG and readiness to bear additional costs in the form of elevated gas prices will allow companies in the short-term period to make high profits on the spot market.

After a rather boring election campaign the Social-Democrats (SPD) managed to achieve the position of the strongest party again which they lost to the Christian-Democrats (CDU) in 2019 . The CDU and the Left Party defended more or less their last election results whereas the Greens came up with a loss of more than five per cent of the votes . Apparently, the performance of the Greens in the three-party-coalition with the SPD and the Left Party obtained only low credit by the voters . With 5,1 per cent the Liberals were very close to enter the parliament . The SPD as the strongest party invited the Greens and the Left Party as well as the CDU to exploratory talks but came up very quickly with the decision to continue with the former left coalition . The coalition contract issued by the three coalition parties formulates ambitious goals with respect to investigations in the infrastructure, the ecological transformation of industries, and the increase of personnel in the education system, but remains vague with regard to their financing . The coalition plans to use money for many of these projects from the so-called climate-fonds that was already adopted in the last election period . Against this background the CDU announced that it will call the Bremer Staatsgerichtshof for a judicial review of constitutionality because the budgetary rights of the parliament may be violated by credit authorization without the parliament . Finally, the coalition decided to reallocate senate portfolios . Five portfolios went to the SPD, two to the Greens and the Left Party . Additionally, the representative of Bremen for national and European affairs from the SPD joins the senate in the function of a state councilor .

The relevance of the stated research subject is conditioned upon the fact that at the beginning of 2022, Ukraine faced new challenges that threaten its sovereignty and territorial integrity and are related to russia's armed aggression. The full-scale invasion is frequently justified by russian politicians as a "fall from grace" and a historical misunderstanding. However, there are hundreds of facts that confirm the thesis that Ukrainian statehood is the result of the centuries-long struggle of the Ukrainian people for independence from the empire. The purpose of this research is to analyse the political path of Ukraine from the period of national and state revival to the present stage of historical development. To address the tasks set, the author used a range of general scientific and special research methods, including historical and genetic, political and legal analysis, and comparative and institutional analysis. The results obtained in the course of the study should be considered as the identification of the main stages of the establishment of Ukrainian statehood and the analysis of the events that established and strengthened Ukraine's independence. In addition, the author identifies the reasons for the strengthening of national-democratic movements and ideas during the Ukrainian Revolution in the late 1980s and in independent Ukraine, explains the content of national revival processes in different historical periods, and analyses the prospects for the development of the state against the backdrop of the war with russia. The materials of this study can be used in research and applied fields, and to explore the issues of Ukrainian state-building, nation-state building in the context of independence and transformation of political institutions

Since the post-war period, the development of U.S.-Japan relations has been determined by security cooperation and economic integration. As economic integration evolved, the United States and Japan became closely linked through the flow of goods and services, the movement of capital, and the joint implementation of R&D. The U.S.-Japan alliance is becoming more and more necessary for the United States in the context of strategic rivalry with China. Cooperation with Japan in the field of reinforcing and diversifying the GVCs important for ensuring US national security, as well as in the development of the most promising new technologies and the production of innovative knowledge-intensive products, is one of the top priorities for the Biden administration. Sectors that are considered strategic include the semiconductors industry, EV supply chains, certain categories of minerals and digital economy. Export control is another important part of the U.S. economic security policy where the Biden administration gained partial Japan's support. The administration has been implementing strict export controls on "unfriendly countries" and at the same time creating a "tech alliance" with partners. Cooperation with Japan will play an important role in pursuing both goals. Digital transformation should help revitalize economic growth in the United States and in Japan, boost productivity and create new business opportunities. The importance of U.S.-Japan cooperation within the framework of the "tech alliance" will increase. The main areas of bilateral cooperation will be R&D (including such areas as artificial intelligence and quantum technologies), IT infrastructure development, training of skilled workers and creating a joint start-up ecosystem as a pillar of innovation, as well as encouraging the private sector to introduce advanced technologies.

The article analyzes personal correspondence between LeoTolstoy and Nikolay Nekrasov in the 1850s–1860s, investigates the influence of the correspondents on each other, which remains underes-timated in modern literary criticism: not only the experienced editor Nekrasov had a decisive influence on the novice writer, but also Tolstoy, who knew life firsthand, contributed to the transformation of Nekrasov. During the preparation of the article, not only published letters of the correspondents were used but also handwritten materials stored in the funds of the Leo Tolstoy State Museum. The article indicates the mo-ments of the correspondents' ideological convergence and distancing, the stages of their interaction in letters, determined by the complexities and specifics of personal communication, the publication of Tolstoy's works in the Sovremennik journal, and changes in the journal's trends. The paper notes the qualities and features that each of the correspondents most valued in the other as well as the similarity and parallelism of the crea-tive evolution of the writer and the poet, both of whom came to create great epic art. Particular attention is paid to the role of Tolstoy in maintaining Sovremennik, his assistance in launching a new military documen-tary direction in the journal. The paper analyzes the correspondents' disagreement, caused in many respectsby Nekrasov's cooperation with young revolutionary democrats. It is emphasized that Tolstoy's discoveries and artistic explanations of the spiritual path of the individual, involving the loss of childish purity and faith, the likelihood of a difficult return to them at a new stage of understanding oneself, contributed to the internal evolution of Nekrasov, his understanding of the limitations of materialistic views. In the 1860s, Nekrasov managed to return to the idea of human physical limitations and spiritual strength at a new poetic level.

For the last two centuries the relationship between philosophy and science have constantly been an issue that provoked vehement quarrels. Positions in theses quarrels are mostly based on a relatively narrow cultural and theoretical horizon. It is rather likely that an uncompromising stance would be represented by an ad­vocate of positivism. Meanwhile an alternative standpoint is not only possible but also quite desirable. The question of self-determination of philosophy cannot be solved by any of the answers about its attitude to science, since the grounds on which such an answer is based (various historical, national and general cul­tural attitudes) are significantly different. The severity and regular recurrence of such disputes are to be taken as symptoms of the fact that some fundamental questions are raised here concerning the nature of both science and philosophy. This means, in particular, that such disputes could never stop, but will constantly serve as an instrument of self-consciousness and self-determination of both phi­losophy and sciences. It is shown that the these disputes are caused by hetero­geneous reaons: a) radicalization of the question of the scientific nature of phi­losophy and the foundations of knowledge in German idealism; b) processes of separation of areas of knowledge, i.e. the separation of science and art; c) in­volvement in science of wider social strata, as well as changes in the organiza­tional forms of science itself. However, the results of these transformations were quite apparent not until the second half of the 19. Century and have been pre­ceded by a long tradition of synonymy between "sciences" and "arts" that is partly reflected in the concept of "artes liberales". Strong identification of phi­losophy with the study of nature in the British tradition gives us another example of a disputed and controversial relation.

It is shown that the war unleashed by the Russian Federation was directed against the Ukrainian people and that the Ukrainian national idea, whose main goal is to ensure the consolidation, cohesion and national unity of the Ukrainian nation, should play a decisive role in resisting attempts to divide the country along ideological and national lines. As with any genocide, the Russian Federation is primarily trying to erase the Ukrainian identity, so a lot of effort should be directed to its preservation. All forms of culture and art should have a major function, primarily its newest forms, which reflect the reaction of Ukrainian artists to the escalation of the war. For society, it is culture that gives a sense of the soul of the people, belonging to one's country and unity. Therefore, the special interest of researchers, not only culturalists and art historians, but also researchers of social sciences in the topics of the transformation of Ukrainian society in the conditions of war, can trace certain trends, images, forms that change and reflect specific periods of living in collective traumatized by war, as well as the multiplicity of experiences in dense reality wartime in Ukraine and beyond. It is indicated that the destruction of Ukrainian culture during a large-scale war is not an accident. The desire to protect one's state has become a unifying factor of Ukrainian society, which, speaking about the unique qualities of Ukrainian identity through cultural practices, unites the whole world around Ukraine, leaving no chance for the aggressor to escape responsibility. The importance of Ukrainian cultural and artistic practices as a significant factor in the consolidation of Ukrainianness in the conditions of Russian aggression for the establishment of Ukrainian identity is proven.

This paper analyses the socio-historical topography, the dynamics of urbanization transformations, and social stratification of the population of the early medieval metropolis in the Upper Dnieper area of the tenth — early eleventh centuries known as Sэrnesgarрr, nowadays the Gnyozdovo Archaeological Complex. It was one of the largest political, trade, and craft centres of the Viking Age within the spread of Old Russian archaeological culture. The high degree of archaeological knowledge of this site makes it possible to try and find a solution to the difficult problem of reconstructing the social hierarchy of its urban community referring to the data known to the scholarly community. The society of *Sýrnesgarðr was a developed ranked or even early stratified society with a pronounced three-level hierarchy. The upper stratum used special labour-intensive burial rites with rich grave goods accompanying the deceased; the middle stratum marked its burials with weapons; and the majority of the ordinary population practised various forms of "standard" burials without any exclusive features. The analysis of the chronology of the burials of the elite reveals two generations with different cultural attitudes, economic practices, and behavioural patterns. The first generation of the first half of the tenth century used burial rites in "great mounds" and/or in boats (or "rooks"). The second generation of the middle to second half of the tenth century used burial rites in "wooden chambers". The change of the "ruling class" of "great mounds and boats" to a new privileged group of "wooden chambers" took place around the 940s–960s, either because the city was conquered by the troops of the Rurikid polity, or, more likely, because of an internal conflict between the two privileged groups.