Suchergebnisse

One of the official transport policy objectives in Sweden is that all citizens should have access to the transport system. The public sector is therefore required by law to provide special transport services (STS) for those who are unable to use public transport or private car. STS is often provided through public procurement of taxi services. As a response to new legislation in 2000, there have been developments in the public transport sector, making buses, trains and other parts of the system more accessible to people with disabilities. These developments have also been driven by other objectives, such as reducing costs in STS by transferring passengers from STS to regular public transport. However, so far, there is little evidence of the effects of public transport access on STS usage. The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of public transport system design on the demand for STS permits and usage. The main focus is on how different aspects of the general public transport system (e.g. price and supply levels) affect the demand for STS permits and STS usage per permit. In addition, the analysis will control for socioeconomic and geographical variables. It is concluded that the price and supply level of public transport do affect STS travel. Public transport price affects the demand for permits as well as the demand for trips from permit holders. Public transport service level only has an effect on the demand for permits.

A physical distribution network can best be analysed and studied as a set of distribution nodes connected chiefly by two kinds of flows: a transportation flow and an informational flow. Co‐ordinating the activities of these two major components is a pre‐requisite for the successful operation of any business enterprise. For unless the company employs its own private carriage, the shipper controls over customer service stops short only at his own dockyard. To be sure, the performance of a transport carrier influences to a large extent the effectiveness of the entire logistics function. For this reason alone, it is not surprising that the selection of an appropriate transport mode and the selection of a given carrier within each mode is indeed an important business decision. Yet, the carrier selection decision has traditionally been characterised by a lack of definitive analysis. In general terms, carrier choices have been based on a combination of rational and emotional motives with emphasis on the latter.

The article analyzes the dynamics of the key components of the export of transport services at the national and regional levels. It is shown that despite the negative impact of restrictions during the spread of the pandemic in 2019-2020, there is an increase in the export of transport services of the Russian Federation. The growth of the indicator is due to the increase in revenues from freight transportation. The regional cross-section is presented on the example of the Russian Far East. At the macro-regional level, the share of transport in the total export of services is significantly (1.8 times) higher than the national average. The main contribution to the formation of the indicator of the macroregion is made by Primorsky Krai (7.5%). The key seaports of the Pacific coast of Russia are located here.

Three directions for the development of the export of transport services in the Far East are presented: 1) servicing export-import flows outside the national territory, 2) transit traffic, 3) participation in the international market of transport services. For each direction, the growth opportunities and restrictions on the export of transport services were assessed. With the use of comparative analysis methods, it is argued that the most promising is the service of cargo flows of the national economy. Prospects are related, among other things, to the implementation of the Northern Sea Transport Corridor project and the formation of a system of reference seaports for Arctic routes in the macroregion. It is shown that transit traffic will not play a significant role in the growth of exports of transport services in the Far East. The negative impact of infrastructural and economic factors on the competitiveness of international transport corridors passing through the territory of the east of the country has been revealed. The limitations of the direct participation of the transport complex of the Far Eastern Federal District in the international market are argued, which include features of the structure of the economy and insufficient development of the elements of the transport complex. The results of the work can serve as a basis for developing measures to develop the export of transport services.