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The size of feral pig populations that survive conventional (food bait) trapping campaigns on two sites,
and the tendency of trapping to preferentially remove sows, were examined. The use of traps containing
oestrus-induced sows to enhance the trapping response obtained with conventionally baited traps was
also investigated. Estimates of percentage reduction achieved by conventional trapping on the two sites
were derived from two indices, proportional bait take and spotlight counts, using index-manipulationindex
measures of pig abundance. Proportional bait take indicated reductions in pig abundance of 100%
in 16 nights and 93% in 14 nights for the two sites from conventional trapping, while spotlight counts
estimated reductions of 81% and 83%, respectively. Sex ratios of pigs on both sites were at parity prior
to trapping, but strongly biased in favour of males after trapping. There was a coincident female bias
in the sex ratio of trapped pigs. Subsequent to conventional trapping, no pigs were trapped using
oestrous sows as bait, indicating that the use of oestrous sows does not enhance the trapping response
achieved using conventional techniques. Trapping data are used to derive a compartmental model of
the trapping programme. The model is used to identify potential strategies for improving the efficacy
of feral pig trapping programmes.

The trapping web is a method for estimating the density and abundance of animal populations. A Monte Carlo simulation study is performed to explore performance of the trapping web for estimating animal density under a variety of web designs and animal behaviours. The trapping performs well when animals have home ranges, even if the home ranges are large relative to trap spacing. Webs should contain at least 90 traps. Trapping should continue for 5–7 occasions. Movement rates have little impact on density estimates when animals are confined to home ranges. Estimation is poor when animals do not have home ranges and movement rates are rapid. The trapping web is useful for estimating the density of animals that are hard to detect and occur at potentially low densities.

This research was funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion de Espana (PID2019-106211RB-I00 and PID2019-105195RA-I00) and by Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid (SI1/PJI/2019-00052). D.L. acknowledges a scholarship from the China Scholarship Council (No. 201808350097). ; In recent years, optically trapped luminescent particles have emerged as a reliable probe for contactless thermal sensing because of the dependence of their luminescence on environmental conditions. Although the temperature effect in the optical trapping stability has not always been the object of study, the optical trapping of micro/nanoparticles above room temperature is hindered by disturbances caused by temperature increments of even a few degrees in the Brownian motion that may lead to the release of the particle from the trap. In this report, we summarize recent experimental results on thermal sensing experiments in which micro/nanoparticles are used as probes with the aim of providing the contemporary state of the art about temperature effects in the stability of potential trapping processes. ; Spanish Government PID2019-106211RB-I00 PID2019-105195RA-I00 ; Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid SI1/PJI/2019-00052 ; China Scholarship Council 201808350097

Cover title of some issues: Game and fish law proclamations. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Issued also by the dept. under earlier names: Texas Game and Fish Commission, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.

8 Páginas.-- 6 Figuras ; In an attempt to investigate the carbonyl-trapping abilities of 5-alkylresorcinols, this study describes the role of these compounds in inhibiting the formation of the 2,5-dialkylpyridines (5-ethyl-2-methylpyridine, 5-butyl-2-propylpyridine, and 5-hexyl-2-pentylpyridine) produced by 2-alkenals (crotonaldehyde, 2-hexenal, and 2-octenal) in the presence of ammonia. 5-Alkylresorcinols (as well as orcinol and olivetol) inhibited the formation of pyridines to an extend that depended on the 2-alkenal involved and the reaction conditions. This inhibition was consequence of the trapping of 2-alkenals by the phenolics. Thus, the major adducts produced between the C21:0 alkylresorcinol and crotonaldehyde were isolated and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). These results confirm that, in addition to their free radical scavenging abilities, 5-alkylresorcinols also trap reactive carbonyls. Because trapped carbonyls are involved in the formation of flavors and processing-induced antioxidants, 5-alkylresorcinols might be implied in some of the observed differences between whole and refined grain products. ; This study was funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) from Spain, the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) from Spain, and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (ERDF, a way of making Europe) from the European Union (Project RTI2018-096632-B-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). ; Peer reviewed

We present a theory describing the trapping of a quasiparticle in a prototypical Josephson junction, a singlechannel superconducting weak link. We calculate the trapping and untrapping rates associated to absorption and emission of both photons and phonons. We show that the presence of an electromagnetic mode with frequency smaller than the gap gives rise to a rather abrupt transition between a fast-relaxation regime dominated by coupling to photons and a slow-relaxation regime dominated by coupling to phonons. This conclusion is illustrated by the analysis of a recent experiment [Zgirski, Bretheau, Le Masne, Pothier, Esteve, and Urbina, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 257003 (2011)] measuring the dynamics of quasiparticle trapping in a superconducting atomic contact coupled to a Josephson junction. With realistic parameters, the theory provides a semiquantitative description of the experimental results ; Financial support by EU FP7 SE2ND project, Spanish Mineco project FIS2011-26516, ANR contracts DOCFLUC and MASH, C'Nano and by the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement No. PIIF-GA-2011-298415 is acknowledged

[EN] Improved trap efficacy is crucial for implementing control methods for red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier; Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), based on trapping systems, such as mass trapping, attract and infect or attract and sterilize techniques. Although new trap designs have been proposed and aggregation pheromone dispensers have been optimized, aspects such as the use of co-attractants (molasses) and trap placement are still not well defined and standardized. The efficacy of three concentrations of molasses and different formulations to reduce water evaporation in traps was studied in different field trials to improve trapping systems and to prolong trap servicing periods. In addition, the performance of installing groups of traps or single traps was also evaluated with the aim of improving the attracted/captured weevils ratio. Our results showed that captures increased when molasses were added at 15% to the water contained in the trap and that a thin layer of oil, created by adding 2-3% of paraffinic oil to water, was able to effectively reduce evaporation and prolong trap servicing periods. Moreover, 3.5-fold more weevils were captured when placing five traps instead of one at the same trapping point. Results obtained allow improved efficacy and may have an impact in the economic viability of trapping systems and, therefore, in integrated pest management programs. ; We want to thank Vicente Dalmau from Conselleria de Agricultura, Peixca i Alimentacio (GVA) and Jose Juan Lopez from TRAGSA for their help and technical assistance in field trials. Also, we want to thank Helen Warburton for English editing. The research leading to these results has received funding from the 7th European Union Framework Programme under grant agreement FP7 KBBE 2011-5-289566 (PALM PROTECT). ; Navarro-Llopis, V.; Primo Millo, J.; Vacas, S. (2018). Improvements in Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) Trapping Systems. Journal of Economic Entomology. 111(3):1298-1305. ...

33 Páginas; 6 Figuras ; Lipid oxidation products have been shown to produce changes in food quality and safety as a consequence of carbonyl-amine reactions. Some of these reactions can be prevented by the use of phenolics, although the lipid-derived carbonyl trapping ability of phenolics is still poorly understood. In an attempt to fill this gap, the reactions of 4,5-epoxy-2-hexenal, 4,5-epoxy-2-heptenal, and 4,5-epoxy-2-decenal, with 2-methylresorcinol and 2,5-dimethylresorcinol were studied. These reactions produced diverse 1,3a,4,9b-tetrahydro-2H-furo[2,3-c]chromene-2,7-diols and 3,4,4a,9a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[3,4-b]benzofuran-3,7-diols, which were isolated and characterized by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). The produced epoxyalkenal-phenol reaction was characterized and carbonyl-phenol adducts were produced firstly by epoxide-ring opening initiated by the attack of one phenolic hydroxyl group and, then, by addition of one aromatic phenol carbon to the carbon-carbon double bond of the epoxyalkenal. This reaction rapidly deactivated the most important reactive groups of epoxyalkenals, decreasing in this way their ability to modify amino compounds. ; We are indebted to José L. Navarro for technical assistance. This study was supported in part by the European Union (FEDER funds) and the Plan Nacional de I + D of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (project AGL2015-68186-R). ; Peer reviewed

Context. There is an increasing reliance on the use of camera-trap technologies for surveys of medium to large terrestrial mammals. Camera trapping may, however, also have significant applications for broad-scale surveys of small mammals.
Aims. The present study aims to compare results from camera-trapping surveys to those of the more traditional live-trapping techniques. Specifically, it aims to test the effectiveness of the techniques for detecting species, and the cost effectiveness of both approaches.
Methods. Surveys were conducted across 36 sites in the Grampians National Park, Victoria, Australia, between April and July 2009. At each site, independent surveys were conducted for small mammals by using a combination of Elliot and cage trapping, then camera trapping. Results for the two different approaches were compared for both their ability to generate small-mammal presence data and their cost effectiveness.
Key results. Camera-trapping surveys of 36 sites in the Grampians National Park compared favourably with those of live-trapping surveys. Similar species were detected across the sites, and camera trapping was a considerably more cost effective than live trapping.
Conclusions. Camera-trapping surveys of small terrestrial mammals may provide a new and cost-effective technique for surveying terrestrial small mammals. This is particularly the case when presence data are the main requirement of the survey, with no requirement to capture and tag animals.
Implications. Given the cost-effective nature of camera trapping, there is potential to use this approach to increase the level of replication and spatial coverage of small-mammal surveys. Improving the replication and spatial coverage of studies has the potential to significantly increase the scope of research questions that can be asked, thus providing the potential to improve wildlife management.

In The Discourses Machiavelli extolled the virtues of republican government, yet in The Prince he advised the ruler on how to perpetuate autocratic rule. What accounts for this paradox? Mary Dietz argues that Machiavelli sought to deceive the prince, trapping him into actions that would destroy his rule. John Langton contends, in contrast, that Machiavelli was seeking to teach the prince how to govern so that the autocratic state could evolve into a republic.