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Siegelbaum features Mohammed Alhwani, a 12-year-old Palestinian who trudges the the tunnels that he and his mates are building to smuggle contraband past Egyptian and Israeli lines into the heart of Gaza. A longtime smuggling route, Gazans and Egyptians have been ferrying illicit goods across the border since the tunnels were first dug in the 1980s. Gaza exists in a geographic and bureaucratic limbo, beyond Israeli and Egyptian politics, instead revolving around people and goods entering and leaving the territory on quite a regular basis. One month, Egypt opens the borders for Gazans to pass freely back and forth. The next, it's shut, air tight, with no one except essential personnel let through. Adapted from the source document.

Recently in Korea, certain issues of corporate law became the subjects of fierce political debates unlike many other jurisdictions where corporate law issues generally remain in the exclusive realm of professionals and academics. This Article begins with the question of why corporate law issues attracted so much political attention in Korea and whether such political attention actually helped improve the corporate law. In pursuing the answers to such questions, this Article identifies a recurring pattern: (i) existence of strict rules against seeking private benefits; (ii) various clever measures to circumvent such rules; (iii) failure of the courts to regulate such circumventing measures; (iv) many proposals for new statutes in the legislature, which often become politicized and lead to suboptimal results; and (v) the stricter new rules that prompt another round of circumvention. This pattern of "rules--circumvention--passive judiciary--stricter statutory rules--further circumvention" is most salient when the controlling shareholders attempt to implement "management succession" (i.e., transferring ownership and managerial power to the descendants of the controlling family). This Article analyzes a few measures widely used in Korea for management succession: issuing stock at a low price, selling treasury stock at a low price, "funneling" of business, "tolling," and conducting horizontal spin-offs. While some of these measures fall under the typical category of tunneling, some are dubious. By tracking the chain of actions (by the corporations and the controlling family members) and reactions (by the government, including the executive, judiciary, and legislative branches) along the line of the foregoing pattern, this Article shows the importance of the judiciary's role in corporate law and the limitation of the political lawmaking process in corporate law. The stories involving management succession in Korea also show that the rules, being vulnerable to circumvention, cannot effectively address the corporate ...

A Preliminary Investigation for Characterization and Modeling of Structurally Controlled Underground Limestone Mines by Integrating Laser Scanning with Discrete Element ModelingStudy of the Correlation Between RMR and TBM Downtimes; Cross Passage Construction: Mechanized Solutions and Fields of Application; Communications, Tracking, Vehicle Telemetry, and Proximity Solutions; Underground Communication Innovations; SCMAGLEV Project-Fast and Innovative Mode of Transportation in the Northeast Corridor; Session 3: TBM Technology 1.

Galceran, Regina et al. ; © 2015 American Physical Society. We report on magnetotransport properties on La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/MgO/Fe tunnel junctions grown epitaxially on top of (001)-oriented SrTiO3 substrates by sputtering. It is shown that the magnetoresistive response depends critically on the MgO/Fe interfacial properties. The appearance of an FeOX layer by the interface destroys the Δ1 symmetry filtering effect of the MgO/Fe system and only a small negative tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) (∼-3%) is measured. However, in annealed samples a switchover from positive TMR (∼+25% at 70 K) to negative TMR (∼-1%) is observed around 120 K. This change is associated with the transition from semiconducting at high T to insulating at low T taking place at the Verwey transition (TV∼120K) in Fe3O4, thus suggesting the formation of a very thin slab of magnetite at the MgO/Fe interface during annealing treatments. These results highlight the relevance of interfacial properties on the tunneling conduction process and how it can be substantially modified through appropriate interface engineering. ; We acknowledge financial support from the Spanish MINECO through grants (MAT2012-33207, MAT2011-27470-C02, MAT2012-37638 and Consolider Ingenio 2010 - CSD2009-00013 (Imagine)), from CAM through Grant No. S2009/MAT-1756 (Phama) and Basque Government (PI2011-1). Financial support from EC through FEDER program and Marie Curie Actions (256470-ITAMOSCINOM) is also acknowledged. C.M.B. thanks the Spanish MINECO for the financial support through the RyC program ; Peer Reviewed

4 pages, 3 figures. ; We have investigated the transport and magnetotransport properties in Fe/MgO multilayers around the Fe percolation threshold as a function of the temperature and the nominal thickness of iron layer (t). Electrical resistivity measurements allowed us to disclose the charge transport mechanisms involved, which are closely related to the degree of discontinuity in the Fe layers. The samples with Fe thickness below percolation threshold (t ∼ 0.8 nm) exhibit isotropic magnetoresistance (MR), which can be understood considering spin-polarized electron tunneling between nanometer-sized, superparamagnetic Fe grains. The MR ratio increases with decreasing temperature from ∼ 3% at room temperature to ∼ 10% at 30 K. The temperature dependence of MR can be explained satisfactorily in terms of a modified Mitani's model. ; Financial support by Spanish Ministry of Science (through Project Nos. MAT2008-06567-C02 and CIT- 420000-2008-19 including FEDER funding) and by the Aragón Regional Government (through Project Nos. E26 and PI059/08) is acknowledged. ; Peer reviewed