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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this note is to propose an alternative and intuitively simpler derivation of the Gini coefficient (in Section l), to show how it can be generalized and how then a number of coefficients (concentration coefficient, Kakwani's progressivity index) are obtained directly from this generalization (Section 2), and finally to use this approach to obtain some Gini relationships (Section 3).

Introduction/purpose: Certain integrals involving the generalized Mittag-Leffler function with different types of polynomials are established. Methods: The properties of the generalized Mittag-Leffler function are used in conjunction with different kinds of polynomials such as Jacobi, Legendre, and Hermite in order to evaluate their integrals. Results: Some integral formulae involving the Legendre function, the Bessel Maitland function and the generalized hypergeometric functions are derived. Conclusions: The results obtained here are general in nature and could be useful to establish further integral formulae involving other kinds of polynomials.

In this article, a new class of analytic functions which is defined by terms of a quasi-subordination is introduced. The coefficient estimates, including the classical inequality of functions belonging to this class, are then derived. Also, several special improving results for the associated classes involving the subordination are presented.

In this paper, new integro-differential operators are introduced that defined by Salagean's differential operator. The major object of the present study is to investigate convexity properties on new geometric subclasses included these new operators.

Presents a typology of political parties that includes important features of parties in many different parts of the world, not just Western Europe & North America. It is contended that political parties have become "thinner" structures, performing a limited set of functions that are primarily associated with elections. The key functions of political parties are described: candidate nomination; electoral mobilization; issue structuring; societal representation; forming/sustaining governments; interest aggregation; & social integration. The four main types of parties that exist today are elite-based, mass-based, ethnicity-based, electoralist, & movement parties. Suborganizations of each type are examined. It is noted that religious fundamentalist parties are the only ones that still fit the historical centralized, hierarchical, mass-based model. There is no evidence of a trend toward less ideological or programmatic parties. Shifts in how party organizations relate to citizens are discussed, & it is concluded that changes in party organizational forms, electoral strategies, & programmatic goals are not exclusively the result of broader social changes. 2 Tables, 1 Figure. J. Lindroth

AbstractThis paper contributes to the study of linguistic politeness in the Latin language, through the analysis of the speech act of congratulation. Taking the comedies of Plautus (

We wrote this paper to proffer new types of the perfectly supra continuous functions. We also introduced new types of supra continuous, supra open and supra closed functions.