Suchergebnisse

In this article, the role and value of the system of government procurement and the basis of development of the economy of the United States of America are considered. In the conditions of a global economic crisis the role of state regulation of process of expenditure of budgetary funds which is carried out directly through a control system of placement of purchases on deliveries of goods, rendering services and performance of work for the state needs and directed to reduction and optimization of expenses of budgets of all levels increases. Also synthesis of foreign experience of management of the government and corporate procurement is presented in article, besides, social problems, such as are solved: as government procurement can contribute to sustainable development what international practice of such purchases what legal regulation is required for realization of steady purchases what factors promote and interfere with introduction of steady purchases. Based on the analysis of foreign scientific research, reports of the international organizations, standardly legal acts, studying of the international experience of application and use of steady purchases, conclusions about why government procurement contribute to sustainable development of the country, about necessary legal and political support of purchases are formed and also briefly is shown how steady purchases are implemented in practice. Key aspects of the organization of purchasing activity for the state and corporate needs are stated, the signs characterizing the national system of government procurement of the USA are disclosed. The analysis of the legislative base and an organizational government procurement system in the United States of America is carried out. An attempt to define the directions for further reforming of a control system of government procurement in the Russian Federation is made.

The author considers the migratory processes initiated by the democratic revolution of the 1990-s in Mongolia. The internal (urban) migration concerned a large number of the rural population which moved to cities, mostly to the capital Ulan-Bator. The outside migration has led to the outflow of quite a large number of citizens from the country. The number of officially registered citizens of Mongolia in the United States is about15,000, whereas the number of illegal migrants is more than 45,000. As a rule, in the USA Mongols work as specialists in taking care of elderly people, in heavy and light industries, restaurant business, in trading companies and grocery stores. A lot of young people study at American colleges, and the U.S. government regularly announces admission to certain educational programs, providing Asians free training. ; В статье анализируются миграционные процессы, инициированные в Монголии после демократической революции 90-х годов ХХ в. Внутренняя (урбанистическая) миграция выразилась в перемещении значительного числа сельского населения в города, в основном в столицу – г. Улан-Батор, а внешняя – в эмиграции довольного большого числа граждан. На территории США число официально зарегистрированных граждан Монголии составляет около 15 тыс. человек, нелегальных же мигрантов больше 45 тыс. В основном монголы работают в США специалистами по оказанию помощи пожилым людям, в тяжелой и легкой промышленности, ресторанном бизнесе, в торговых компаниях и продовольственных магазинах. Много молодежи учится в американских ВУЗах, причем правительство США регулярно объявляет набор на те или иные образовательные программы, предоставляя выходцам из Азии бесплатное обучение.Ключевые слова: Монгольское зарубежье, миграция, эмиграция,США.The Mongolian abroad: the USA The author considers the migratory processes initiated by the democratic revolution of the 1990-s in Mongolia. The internal (urban) migration concerned a large number of the rural population which moved to cities, mostly to the capital Ulan-Bator. The outside migration has led to the outflow of quite a large number of citizens from the country. The number of officially registered citizens of Mongolia in the United States is about 15,000, whereas the number of illegal migrants is more than 45,000. As a rule, in the USA Mongols work as specialists in taking care of elderly people, in heavy and light industries, restaurant business, in trading companies and grocery stores. A lot of young people study at American colleges, and the U.S. government regularly announces admission to certain educational programs, providing Asians free training.Keywords: Mongolian abroad, migration, immigration, USA.

The article presents the results of the author's study of present state of employee ownership in the U.S. It is noted that in Russia this form of business is not sufficiently developed. The model of employee ownership of corporate property in the United States (enterprises based on Employee Stock Ownership Plan – ESOP model) is considered. It was demonstrated that employee-owned companies have considerable over the enterprises of other forms of ownership concerning better control of production due to participative management, more comfortable psychological climate and higher competitiveness. The study was carried out within the framework of the R&D theme «Development of a systemic multilevel theory and models of coordination and co-evolution of industrial complexes and enterprises for the purpose of sustainable economic development» (state registration number AAAA-A18-118021390173-4).

Aus sowjetischer Sicht

The paper is devoted to one of the most interesting problems in the modern historical science; it analyzes the crash of transatlantic liner "Lusitania" and the reaction of the US printed press towards it in 1915. The importance is increased by the fact that periodicals, being considerable historical sources, are able to introduce new data on the liner wreck with a help of interpolation, as well as to determine the American society's attitude to this tragic event. As a result, the paper's subject is the American printed press of 1915 as a source of information about particular events of the World War I. The study analyzes the US periodicals of 1915, such as The New York Times; The New York Herald; The Brooklyn Daily Eagle; The Evening Telegram-New York. The given items are published on the Library of the US Congress's official website and contain information about the American society's attitude towards the wreck of Lusitania. The author carried out research using US newspapers with the help of general scientific research methods, such as description, analysis, comparative method. We also used special methods of historical research: the historical-comparative method and the cultural-semiotic approach. The given work came to the conclusion that the wreck of Lusitania was actively discussed in the USA in 1915. The focus was on the following facts: the number of people killed, the causes of the crush, the American government's attitude to this tragedy etc. The results of the study allow us to reveal the USA press's attitude towards the Lusitania wreck.

The aim of the article is to analyze the system of Higher Education in the USA. It reviews the kinds of educational institutions and types of education which they provide. The system of Higher education in the United States of America is made up of two levels or stages. The first level is undergraduate education and when students complete it they usually become Bachelors of Art or Bachelors of Science. The second level is called postgraduate education which is completed with acquiring Master or Ph.D. degrees. There are several types of higher educational institutions such as colleges, universities, 2-year community colleges, conservatories, art schools, military academies and others. To be admitted in each level of higher education students have to take some certain standardized tests and prove their ability to manage the educational program. The article describes the system of funding of the USA higher education. The educational institutions can be categorized into public, private and for-profit schools. Private and for-profit colleges and universities are the most expensive schools. Students pay for tuition, room and board with their own money. There is a system of educational loans, scholarships and grants which you can take or receive if you do not have enough of your own finance. Americans are willing to pay for the education of their children as well as their own. It has to do with their belief that education will enable them to achieve success and financial stability. Many Americans follow the lifelong learning for professional growth, new knowledge and skills. ; Целью статьи является попытка проанализировать систему высшего образования в США. Рассматриваются типы учебных заведений и виды образования, которое они предлагают. Система высшего образования Соединенных Штатов Америки состоит из двух уровней или ступеней. Первый уровень это базовое (неполное высшее) образование, после получения которого, присуждаются степени Бакалавра Искусств или Бакалавра Наук. Вторая ступень - полное высшее образование, после которого присуждается степень магистра или доктора. Существует несколько типов высших учебных заведений, таких как колледжи, университеты, общественные двухлетние колледжи, консерватории, художественные училища, военные академии и т.д. Для поступления на каждую ступень высшего образования необходимо сдать определенные единые экзамены и доказать свою способность осваивать образовательную программу. В статье описывается система финансирования образования. Учебные заведения США различаются в зависимости от источников финансирования и стоимости обучения. Они делятся на государственные, негосударственные и коммерческие. Самыми дорогими являются негосударственные, частные учебные заведения. Студенты оплачивают обучение, проживание и питание самостоятельно. Существует система льготного целевого кредитования и система стипендий и грантов, которые можно получить при недостаточности собственных средств. Американцы готовы вкладывать деньги в образование детей и свое собственное. Это связано с их уверенностью в том, что образование позволит им достичь успеха и материального благополучия. Многие американцы продолжают учиться на протяжении всей жизни. Они повышают свою квалификацию или осваивают новые умения и навыки.

Renewable energy policies have experienced significant evolution over the past few decades around the world. Regarding US experience in this area, both the federal and state governments were quite active in encouraging the transition to clean energy. Over the past decades, a lot of research has been done in this area. However, the existing literature deals mainly with the economic, political, and technical aspects of the transition to clean energy. At the same time, political dynamics received little attention. To understand the political dynamics of the energy transition (in this case, the United States), it is necessary to conduct detailed studies of federal and state policies. This article is devoted to the study of how decisions are made in the field of transition to clean energy, namely, the policy regarding one low-carbon technology - biofuel. For this technology, it was traced how the political agenda, actors, and institutions influenced the adoption and development of two programs: federal excise tax exemptions and the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS).