Suchergebnisse

During the formation of Ukrainian statehood in Carpatho-Ukraine in 1938–1939, it was necessary to form armed formations for its protection. The "Carpathian Sich" was created here (the full name is the People's Defense Organization "Carpathian Sich") for this purpose. The main idea of the article is to consider the process of forming this organization, its stuffing and providing weapons, and to trace the participation of its members in the defense of Carpatho-Ukraine.The "Carpathian Sich" had 10 teams (squads) in the districts and 5 permanent garrisons for military training. The emblem of the organization was a trident with a sword, similar to the emblem of the OUN. All organization's ribands, uniforms, banners and political posters also had the OUN's symbols. On November 9, 1938, the constituent assembly of the "Carpathian Sich" took place in Khust. The charter of the organization, which determined the purpose, task, structure, etc., was approved there.The congresses of the "Carpathian Sich" became important stages in its organizational formation. The organization's structure and ideological basis were laid at the First Congress on December 4, 1938 in Khust. The Second congress on February 19, 1939 in Khust noted the fact of international updating of the "Ukrainian question" and declared that its solution would be possible only if the nationalist concept of the creation of independent states in Eastern Europe would be adopted. On January 1, 1939, the Main Office of Women's Departments of the "Carpathian Sich" was formed (its head was S. Tysovska, the deputy was M. Khiminets). In January-March 1939, "Women's Sich" was able to expand its activity in all districts of Carpatho-Ukraine, to develop the structure of women's departments, to form their own uniform, to conduct sanitary, social and political as well intelligence schools, and to organize an infirmary for their wounded members in Khust. Important areas of the activity of the "Carpathian Sich" in 1938–1939 were cultural and educational work and participation in protecting the borders of Carpathian Ruthenia from the attacks of Hungarian and Polish sabotage groups and terrorist ones that tried to destabilize the political and social situation in the region.On March 13, 1939, on the streets of Khust appeared barricades, street battles started. According to various data, between 40 and 150 members of the "Carpathian Sich" fell, about 50 persons were wounded in the battles with the Czechs in Khust on the night of March 13 to March 14, 1941. The bloody clashes on March 13–14, 1939 weakened the "Carpathian Sich" greatly and made it impossible for its joint actions with the Czech troops against the Hungarian aggressor. The controversies among the Ukrainians themselves became the factor that negatively affected the political situation in the region. During March 15–16, 1939, the main battles between the defenders of Ukrainian statehood and the Hungarian invaders were carried out. The courageous resistance of the "Carpathian Sich" to the Hungarian occupants in Krasne Pole made it possible for the deputies of the Carpatho-Ukraine's diet to approve important historical documents, to declare the creation of the independent state "Carpatho-Ukraine", to elect its president A. Voloshyn, to appoint the government, and to approve the state attributes.Consequently, since formation of the "Carpathian Sich" in November 1938, that semi-militarized organization has undergone a qualitative evolution, and in March 1939 it emerged as the armed forces of the Carpatho-Ukraine and fought for Ukraine's independence. The reasons for defeat was the lack of its own legal basis for its activities as a military formation; poor providing weapons, ammunition and military equipment; the failures of Ukrainian emigration and the OUN abroad in obtaining weapons for the "Carpathian Sich" and so on. The confrontation between the "Carpathian Sich" and the Hungarian troops became one of the first manifestations of the armed counteraction to the offensive of totalitarianism in Europe. ; У статті розглядається формування і бойовий шлях збройних сил Карпатської України – Організації народної оборони "Карпатська Січ". Висвітлено основні етапи розбудови ОНОКС, відтворено її структуру, процес формування командних кадрів і вишколу рядових січовиків. Досліджено участь у складі "Карпатської Січі" жіночих відділів ("Жіноча Січ"), які проводили культурно-просвітницьку і санітарно-інструкторську роботу і серед військовиків, і серед місцевого населення. Простежено бойові операції відділів ОНОКС проти угорських і польських диверсійних підрозділів, що намагались дестабілізувати суспільно-політичне становище у краї. Автором констатовано, що попри намагання уряду Карпатської України забезпечити національні підрозділи зброєю і спорядженням, а також допомогу української діаспори і несистемну підтримку ОУН, Карпатська Січ не була готова до тривалої боротьби з регулярними армійськими частинами. Рішучаа відсіч збройних сил Карпатської України угорським окупаційним військам стала одним із перших актів протидії агресивним планам тоталітарних режимів у Європі напередодні Другої світової війни.

"November 1994." ; Includes bibliographical references (p.33-36). ; Mode of access: Internet.