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The author analyses the major changes to the political ideology & policy platform of the stateless nation's movement in Western European postindustrial states, taking the Scottish National Party as an special example. The analysis starts with the evolution of the Anglo-Scottish relations beginning from the creation of Union of English & Scottish kingdoms by the Act of Union in 1707. Author then presents the contemporary relationship between these two provinces of the United Kingdom. He stresses that since 1990s, the Scottish national movement have been pursuing the 'silent constitutional revolution' of this multinational community, which means using the most of globalization, the European integration process, & the so called devolution, to maximize the autonomy of Scotland within the United Kingdom. References. Adapted from the source document.

The text poses the question: Does GB need a "written" or an "unwritten" constitution? The main issues in the text are the participants in the constitutional debate, certain constitutional reform proposals, the tenor of the debate on a "British" constitution, & certain consequences ensuing from adopting a "written" constitution for one of the oldest world democracies. The author suggests that the circumstances & the motivational force of national identity in GB are not yet ready for the revolution of the written constitution. Adapted from the source document.

The contrast in responses to Milosevic's aggression toward Bosnia & Saddam Hussein in Iraq under the Blair government in GB is instructive: discussed is the extent to which media coverage of the wars of Yugoslavia affected official policy toward, variously, Croatian secession & war, Bosnia, & Kosovo. Reviewed are several leftist analyses of Western reaction to the Yugoslav crises, among them N. Chomsky's A New Generation Draws the Line: Kosovo, East Timor and the Standards of the West (London: Verso, 2000), P. Hammon & E. S. Herman's Degraded Capability: the Media and the Kosovo Crisis (London: Pluto, 2000), & M. Parenti's To Kill a Nation: The Attack on Yugoslavia (London: Verso, 2000). A. Siegel

By means of a comparative analysis of the available data, we can divide intelligence organizations into three groups of models, provisionally called American, British, & (the former) Soviet. These models have at the same time served as a basis for building intelligence systems in other states. Unlike the other two systems, the co-called British model of intelligence organization includes the central organization that coordinates the operation of all the others. The British intelligence system is made up of independent services located within different ministries, whose activities are coordinated by the cabinet or its working bodies. 1 Diagram, 23 References. Adapted from the source document.

The emancipation of the Commonwealth countries had a particular impact on the traditional British principle of inviolable sovereignty of the Parliament. Ever since 1931, when the Imperial Parliament, through the Westminster Act, renounced the unilateral exercise of legislative power in the Dominions, the theory of parliamentary sovereignty as unlimited legislative power has been subject to alterations under the pressure of political reality. The process was most pronounced in the 1982-1998 period, when the United Kingdom & several member-countries of the Commonwealth, as "the last democratic strongholds of traditional legislative supremacy," adopted various documents in which human rights are guaranteed. The author elucidates the characteristics of the new, Commonwealth model of constitutionalism, wherein the constitutionalization of fundamental rights has made possible not only specific forms of judicial supervision, but also an increase of judicial activism. Adapted from the source document.