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The fight against transnational organized crime has been at the core of the G8's actions since the 1990s. This book sheds light on the nature, structure and modus operandi of the G8's specific expertise on transnational organized crime from a sociological approach in order to understand the elaboration, production and diffusion of international norms and standards.

This study delves into the pivotal role of international law in combatting transnational organized crime. This phenomenon has significantly evolved and expanded in its scope and complexity. The paper begins with an introduction to transnational organized crime and the critical importance of international law in addressing these challenges. It then provides a historical background, tracing the evolution of these crimes and the corresponding development of international legal frameworks. Further, the paper categorizes various types of transnational organized crime. A comprehensive analysis of key international laws and treaties, including the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) and various regional treaties, forms a crucial part of the study. The role of international organizations like the United Nations, Interpol, and regional entities in enforcing these laws and promoting cooperation is critically evaluated. The paper addresses the significant challenges in implementation, including jurisdictional issues, disparities in national legal systems, and political and economic barriers. Through case studies, the paper analyzes successful international cooperations as well as notable failures, providing a real-world perspective on the effectiveness of current strategies. The emerging trends and future challenges section looks at the impact of technology and changing political landscapes on transnational crime. Finally, the paper proposes potential solutions and policy recommendations, focusing on strengthening international legal frameworks and enhancing global cooperation and intelligence sharing. The conclusion summarizes the findings and reflects on the future of international law in effectively tackling transnational organized crime within the evolving global landscape.

Utilization of cyberspace is increasingly developing along with the advancement of information technology in the current era of globalization. bourderless, low cost, fast access, encouraging terrorists to use cyberspace to facilitate their actions by combining direct attacks and through the internet network. The convergence of physical and virtual world by these terrorists has resulted in the creation of new threats called cyberterrorism. This study aims to explain what cyberterrorism is, what they do, conventions that regulate cyberterrorism, and how to deal with cyberterrorism. This study used qualitative research methods with descriptive explanations sourced from journals, books, conventions, laws and regulations and other sources relating to cyberterrorism. The result of this study explained that cyberterrorism unlawful use of information, computer systems and networks to intimidate or coerce government, civilians for political or social purposes. Conventions governing cyberterrorism including United Nations Conventios Against Transnational Organized Crimes, Budapest Conventions on Cybercrime.

Taxonomy -- History and development of concept of organized crime -- The transnational crimes -- Transnational crime and terrorism -- The economics of transnational organized crime -- Initiatives against transnational crime -- Critical issues and future trends

The legal and economic analysis presented here empirically tests the theoretical framework advanced by Kugler, Verdier, and Zenou (2004) and Buscaglia (1997). This paper goes beyond the prior literature by focusing on the empirical assessment of the actual implementation of the institutional deterrence and prevention mechanisms contained in the United Nations' Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Palermo Convention). A sample of 107 countries that have already signed and/or ratified the Convention was selected. The paper verifies that the most effective measures against organized crime linked to high level public sector corruption (that captures and feudalizes public sectors) are mainly founded on three pillars: (i) the introduction of more effective judicial decisionmaking control systems causing reductions in the frequencies of abuses of procedural and substantive discretion; (ii) the higher frequencies of successful judicial convictions based on evidentiary material provided by financial intelligence systems aimed at the systematic confiscation of assets in the hands of criminal groups; and (iii) the operational presence of government and/or non-governmental preventive programs (that are funded by the private sector and/or governments and/or international organizations) addressing technical assistance to the private sector, educational opportunities, job training programs and/or rehabilitation (health and/or behavioral) of youth linked to organized crime in high-risk areas (with high-crime, high unemployment, and high poverty).

This issue of Transnational Crime focuses on the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its Supplementing Protocols. It is part of a broader project, marking the UNTOC's 20th anniversary, which started with The Palermo Convention at Twenty: Institutional and Substantive Challenges (Brill, 2021) and aims at appraising the Convention's legal framework and its suitability as a tool for effectively combating present-day transnational organized crime

Preface -- The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime 20 Years from Its Adoption -- Strengths, Achievements and Challenges Ahead -- Tania Bañuelos Mejía -- Abstract -- Keywords -- Introduction -- 1 Strengths -- 2 Achievements -- 3 Challenges Ahead -- The Review Mechanism of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and Its Protocols -- An Analysis Based on Peer Review Methodology -- Christian Ponti -- Abstract -- Keywords -- Introductory Remarks -- 1 Common Features of the Peer Review Methodology and the Preliminary Phase of the Process -- 2 Consultation -- 3 Assessment -- 4 The Legitimacy of the UNTOC Review Mechanism -- 5 Conclusion -- The Implementation Review Mechanism of the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) -- What Role for Civil Society? -- Ian Tennant and Prem Mahadevan -- Abstract -- Keywords -- Introduction -- 1 What Is Civil Society? -- 2 What Value Can Civil Society Add to the Review Mechanism? -- 3 The Debate about the Role of Civil Society -- 4 What Was Agreed in 2018? -- 5 What Space for Civil Society in the Mechanism? -- 6 Analysis of the Role Given to Civil Society by the Convention and the Review Mechanism -- 7 How Does the UNTOC Review Mechanism Compare with Other Mechanisms? -- 8 Conclusion.

part PART I: INTRODUCTION -- chapter 1 The Interdisciplinary Dimensions of the Study of Organized Crime -- part PART II: ETHNICITY, ILLEGAL ENTERPRISES AND UPWARD MOBILITY -- chapter 2 Crime as an American Way of Life: A Queer Ladder of Social Mobility -- chapter 3 Strategic Decision Making in Organized Crime Control: The Need for a Broadened Perspective -- part PART III: CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS AS 'ALIEN CONSPIRACY' -- chapter 4 Transnational Organized Crime: The Strange Career of an American Concept -- part PART IV: BUSINESS CRIME VERSUS ORGANIZED CRIME OR BUSINESS CRIMES AS ORGANIZED CRIME -- chapter 5 Paragons, Pariahs, and Pirates: A Spectrum-Based Theory of Enterprise -- part PART V: RICO AND DEBATES PERTAINING TO THE STRUCTURE AND PURPOSE OF CRIMINAL GROUPS -- chapter 6 Symposium Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, Foreword: Debunking RICO's Myriad Myths -- chapter 7 A Comparative Analysis of Organised Crime Conspiracy Legislation and Practice and their Relevance to England and Wales -- part PART VI: REFINEMENTS: 'LESS ORGANIZED' CRIMINAL OPERATIONS, AND A FOCUS ON PROTECTION/EXTORTION -- chapter 8 The Economic Consequences of Product Illegality -- chapter 9 Research on Upper Level Drug Trafficking: A Review -- chapter 10 Conspiracy among the Many: The Mafia in Legitimate Industries -- chapter 11 New York City as Organized Crime Fighter -- chapter 12 The Paradoxes of Organized Crime -- part PART VII: NETWORKS AND ANALYSIS -- chapter 13 The Teamsters, the White House, the Labor Department -- chapter 14 Assessing Network Patterns in Illegal Firearm Markets -- chapter 15 Fixers, Super Fixers and Shadow Facilitators: How Networks Connect -- chapter 16 Illuminating Dark Networks: A Social Network Analysis of an Australian Drug Trafficking Syndicate -- part PART VIII: MARKETS -- chapter 17 The Rise of Two Drug Tigers: The Development of the Illegal Drugs Industry and Drug Policy Failure in Afghanistan and Colombia -- chapter 18 Organized Crime in Legitimate Sectors of the Economy: Fact or Fiction? -- chapter 19 Green Criminology and Dirty Collar Crime -- part PART IX: A QUESTION OF HARM -- chapter 20 The End ofOrganised Crime in the European Union -- chapter 21 Towards a General Theory of Profit-Driven Crimes -- chapter 22 Going Down the Glocal: The Local Context of Organised Crime -- chapter 23 Illicit Globalization: Myths, Misconceptions, and Historical Lessons.

"The definition of organised crime has long been the object of lively debate, at national and international level. Sociological and legal analysis has not yet led to one definitive answer to the question of what exactly 'organised crime' means. Nonetheless, many instruments adopted both at international and national levels set forth special legal regimes designed to target criminal groups featuring a stable organisation, which are perceived as particularly dangerous to society. Therefore, identifying the notion of organised crime is crucial to establishing the scope of any legal instrument specifically designed for combating it. The aim of this book is to reassess the scope, the effectiveness and the overall coherence of existing definitions of organised crime, and to identify any need for a reconsideration of these definitions, specifically with reference to the EU legal order. It will be of interest to academics, practitioners and legislators working in the sphere of EU criminal law and of organised crime more generally."--Bloomsbury Publishing