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Abstract Marc Frey Experten, Stiftungen und Politik. Zur Genese des globalen Diskurses über Bevölkerung seit 1945 Der Aufsatz untersucht die weltweite Popularisierung des bevölkerungspolitischen Diskurses und leistet damit einen Beitrag zur kritischen Historisierung gegenwärtiger Deutungsmuster. Wie und warum entwickelte sich ein zunächst nur von wenigen Experten als Problem wahrgenommenes Phänomen zu einem globalen Diskurs über die Gegenwart und Zukunft der Menschheit? Im Kontext von Kaltem Krieg und Dekolonisierung rückte das Bevölkerungswachstum in der "Dritten Welt" in den Mittelpunkt demographischer Überlegungen. Amerikanische Stiftungen, überzeugt von der humanitären und sicherheitspolitischen Relevanz des Bevölkerungswachstums, setzten sich massiv für eine globale biopolitische Steuerung ein. Seit Beginn der 1960er-Jahre beeinflussten die Stiftungen und die "epistemische Gemeinschaft" der Bevölkerungsexperten dann auch maßgeblich das Handeln der US-Regierung. Schließlich schwenkten die Vereinten Nationen um 1970 ebenfalls auf eine neo-malthusianische Politik ein. Damit entwickelte sich die Steuerung des Bevölkerungswachstums zu einem zentralen, weithin unstrittigen, aber doch interessengeleiteten Aspekt von Weltinnenpolitik. ∗ ∗ ∗ This article analyses the global proliferation of demographic discourse and contributes to a critical historicisation of current world views. Why and how did a phenomenon, which was initially regarded as a problem only by a few experts, turn into a global discussion about the present state and future of mankind? In the context of the Cold War and decolonisation, population growth in the Third World became the focal point of demographic deliberations. Convinced of the humanitarian relevance of population growth and its influence on security, American foundations strongly supported global biopolitical control. From the early 1960s, foundations and the 'epistemic community' of demographers decisively influenced governmental policies of the United States. By 1970, the United Nations also subscribed to neo-Malthusian policies. The control of population growth thus became a central aspect of global governance which, though not a subject for controversy, was driven by different interests.

The problem of birth control in Latin America may be divided into two aspects: population control and family planning. Reasons for Latin-American intellectuals' aversion to population control include the rural frontier mystique—the more people the more wealth and power—and the population-as-goad theory—deprivation and suffering beget creative solutions. The most characteristic attitude toward population control, however, is indifference. Either the population problem is a myth created by the imperialists or it is an economic or political problem which will eventually solve itself as industrialization and education result in a lower fertility rate. Underlying these ideas are the fear of governmental control of human life and the fear that the imperialist nations wish to weaken or castrate the underdeveloped countries' populations, especially those of a different color. Of the two schools of opinion on family planning, those in favor of voluntary birth control cite its health, psychological, and economic advantages. Those against family planning allege various harmful social, political, moral, and physical side effects. An analysis of the voting of Latin-American governments on World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations legislation for technical assistance on birth control shows their negative attitude toward it in the past. This attitude is changing very gradually toward the positive as a result of the rapid expansion of population (and abortion figures), reconsideration by the Catholic church of its attitude, rural-urban migration, growing reliance on economic planning, and increased monetary and technical assistance from United States universities and other organizations.—Ed.

The Americas, North and South, Anglo and Latin, are close to each other in their discovery, traditions, and cultural and philosophical climate, despite differences be tween the dominant settling nations. The spirit of independ ence, the willingness of the colonies to revolt against their mother countries, is characteristic. The aspiration to personal freedom and political emancipation has been common to the citizens of the Americas since the earliest struggles against colonial domination. Liberal ideas developed in Europe or the United States have been received in Latin-American life. A striking difference in conscious emphasis between Anglo- and Latin America is the Latin-American emphasis upon spiritual values, as opposed to an emphasis upon material or pragmatic values, the contrast of Ariel and Caliban, but a harmonious contrast between North and South. The role of Latin America at the United Nations has been to favor and support the eman cipation of all peoples, defending the right to self-determina tion, respect for human rights, and equality among creeds and races, all of which is only a development of Western doctrines in their highest moral, philosophic, and even religious aspects. The Atlantic, far from dividing Latin America from the West, facilitates interchange at a moment when tendencies have arisen toward supranational groupings of states. The eco nomic and commercial interests which once brought the dis covery of America now open new prospects for increasingly close and fruitful interchange between the Old World and the New.—Ed.

With the military defeat of Germany now assured, it becomes imperative to complete plans for occupation of the country. There is apparent agreement among the United Nations that Germany must be occupied; but, although much work has been done on the subject, by both the military and political branches of the several Allied Governments, to date we have not had any general policy directives from the heads of the three great powers, namely, Russia, Great Britain, and the United States. Presumably, at the Teheran conference Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin came to a preliminary meeting of minds with reference to the various aspects of the war against Germany. At the second Quebec conference, it may reasonably be assumed that the President and Mr. Churchill, keeping in close contact with the Soviet leader, finally came to some definite agreement regarding the measures necessary to encompass the complete defeat and occupation of Germany.It has been generally agreed all around that Germany must be occupied by the troops of the Allied Nations, but many of the specific details of such an occupation have not yet been thought through. When we speak of the occupation of Germany, we must first of all define exactly what we mean by the term Germany. It is expected that "Germany" will be understood to cover only those territories included within the Republic prior to Hitler's accession to power. It might be better to agree that the boundaries shall be understood to be those of January 1, 1932.

Intro -- Dedication -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Glossary of Acronyms -- List of Figures -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Crime by the Numbers -- What to Do? -- Chapter 2: Why Worry About Organized Crime? -- Differentiating Between Violent Extremists and Criminals -- Analytic Approaches -- Mali Case: Manifestation of the Crime-Terror Nexus -- Mali Conflict Background and Evolution -- Mali Mission Intelligence Assessment -- Chapter 3: United Nations Intelligence and Transnational Organized Crime Initiatives: Evolution and Lessons Learned -- UN Intelligence and Transnational Organized Crime Initiatives -- Guidelines for Police Operations in UN Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions, January 2016 -- Policy on Peacekeeping Intelligence, April 2017 -- Other Multinational Organizations' Intelligence Sharing and TOC Efforts -- Organization of American States Permanent Committee on Hemispheric Security Special Committee on TOC -- Latin American States' Individual Efforts to Control TOC -- African Union -- African Regional Economic (and Security) Communities -- European-Led Initiatives -- Joint UN Initiatives -- Intelligence Limitations: Challenges and Recommendations -- Jurisdictional Limitations -- Commitment Limitations -- Training Limitations -- Information Infrastructure Limitations -- Universality of Analysis Limitations -- Policy Direction Limitations -- Chapter 4: BAIT: Analytic Model for Catching Bad Guys and Addressing Intelligence Limitations -- Model Development -- Alternative Governance Evaluation Matrix -- Appendix -- Objectives and Activities -- Use of Violence -- Locations and Associations -- Alternative Governance -- Bibliography -- Index

The demands for automobiles increased drastically in last two and half decades in India. Many global automobile manufacturers and Tier-1 suppliers have already set up research, development and manufacturing facilities in India. The Indian automotive component industry started implementing Lean practices to fulfill the demand of these customers. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) has taken proactive approach in association with Automotive Component Manufacturers Association of India (ACMA) and the Government of India to assist Indian SMEs in various clusters since 1999 to make them globally competitive. The primary objectives of this research are to study the UNIDO- ACMA Model as well as ISM Model of Lean implementation and validate the ISM Model by comparing with UNIDO-ACMA Model. It also aims at presenting a roadmap for Lean implementation in Indian automotive component industry. This paper is based on secondary data which include the research articles, web articles, doctoral thesis, survey reports and books on automotive industry in the field of Lean, JIT and ISM. ISM Model for Lean practice bundles was developed by authors in consultation with Lean practitioners. The UNIDO-ACMA Model has six stages whereas ISM Model has eight phases for Lean implementation. The ISM-based Lean implementation model is validated through high degree of similarity with UNIDO-ACMA Model. The major contribution of this paper is the proposed ISM Model for sustainable Lean implementation. The ISM-based Lean implementation framework presents greater insight of implementation process at more microlevel as compared to UNIDO- ACMA Model.

The conflict of the Western Sahara became visible from his retired of Spain in November 14 of 1975, by the Tripartite Declaration signed in Madrid, where there was yielded the territory of the Western Sahara to Morocco and Mauritania. Four years later, Mauritania resigned the territory that was corresponding to him, moving his domain to Morocco. The fight of the Saharan people for obtaining his free determination has been stopped by economic and political interests of several States. During these 33 years, variations have been experienced in the involved actors, the political and diplomatic management of the Saharan people and of the government of Morocco. While the first ones seek to obtain the independence and the recognition as State, Morocco tries to reaffirm before the international community his domain over this territory. This document analyzes the historical and juridical context in the one that has developed the conflict, from the most important political events, as well as of the normative instruments, resolutions and proce- dure of international law emitted by the States actors, the United Nations and other international organizations. ; El conflicto del Sahara Occidental se hizo visible a partir de la retirada de España, el 14 de noviembre de 1975, mediante la Declaración Tripartita suscrita en Madrid, donde se cedió el territorio del Sahara Occidental a Marruecos y Mauritania. Cuatro años después, Mauritania renunció al territorio que le correspondía, trasladando su dominio a Marruecos. La lucha del pueblo saharaui por obtener su libre determinación ha estado frenada por intereses económicos y políticos de varios Estados.Durante estos 33 años se han experimentado variaciones en los actores involucrados, la gestión política y diplomática del pueblo saharaui y el Gobierno de Marruecos. Mientras que los primeros buscan obtener la independencia y el reconocimiento como Estado, Marruecos procura reafirmar ante la comunidad internacional su dominio sobre ese territorio.Este documento analiza el contexto histórico y jurídico en el que se ha desarrollado el conflicto, a partir de los más importantes acontecimientos políticos, así como de los instrumentos normativos, resoluciones y normas de derecho internacional emitidos por los Estados actores, las Naciones Unidas y otros organismos internacionales.

On 7 June 2018, for the first time, a Committee of the United Nations Security Council placed individuals on a sanctions list for human trafficking. As part of the Libya sanc­tions regime, travel bans and asset freezes have been imposed on six individuals iden­tified as the main perpetrators of illegal activities relating to human trafficking and the smuggling of migrants. The European Union and the US have already implemented these UN sanctions. This response is an expression of the UN Security Council's in­creased attention on transnational organized crime (TOC). For years, the number of resolutions relating to TOC, whether linked to drug or arms trafficking, piracy, kid­nappings or illegal trade in natural resources, has increased substantially. And the Security Council has repeatedly dealt with human trafficking in conflict situations since the end of 2015. The relevant decisions show what role the Security Council can play in addressing organized crime, but also where pitfalls lurk. As a non-permanent member of the Security Council in 2019/2020, Germany should advocate a systematic advancement of the agenda. (author's abstract)

"Published by request of the societies." Includes verse. Includes bibliographical references. FAU copy has original printed blue decorated wrappers; side stitched with cord. ; Florida Atlantic University Libraries' Marvin and Sybil Weiner Spirit of America Collection, Pamphlets: Speeches B17F29 ; Florida Atlantic Digital Library Collections

Дане дослідження розкриває тему надання економічної та інформаційної допомоги Сполученими Штатами Америки країнам-союзникам в період Другої Світової війни, які постраждали від нацистської Німеччини, а також висвітлює тему впливу Сполучених Штатів Америки на країни антигітлерівської коаліції під час Другої світової війни. ; This study covers the United States 'economic and informational assistance to Allied nations affected by Nazi Germany during World War II, and the United States' influence on the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition during World War II.

Contents: New steps to independence -- Bring them home -- East Timor: nation in waiting -- Women have their say: the long and winding road -- Statement from the first Congress of Women of Timor Loro Sae -- The mechanics of transition -- Reviewing progress -- An agenda for international NGOs lobbying the World Bank -- Letter to Kofi Annan -- A voice for the voiceless -- Staying power -- A healthy dose of reality -- Advocacy targets

A relação entre o Reino Unido e os países do continente foi marcada ao longo da história por diversos desencontros e disputas. Não foram poucas as guerras travadas entre os britânicos e outras nações europeias. A própria integração europeia inicia-se sem o Reino Unido que apenas na década de 1960 decidiu integrar as comunidades, sendo durante anos impedido pela Franca de Charles de Gaulle. A adesão tardia em 1973 não minimizou as diferenças, tendo novamente havido tensões na década seguinte durante a gestão Margaret Thatcher. As diferenças do casal estranho continuaram após a criação da União Europeia em 1992 e tiveram na decisão do Brexit apenas o desfecho de uma relação distante e tumultuada.ABSTRACTThe relation between the United Kingdom and the countries from "the continent" has been characterized by several disputes and differences along history. A large number of wars were fought between the British and other European nations. Even the European integration started without the United Kingdom, that only decided to take part in the communities in the sixties, being, however, blocked by de Gaulle's France. Britain's late accession to the European Communities in 1973 did not reduce the differences with its European neighbors and several tensions emerged during Margaret Thatcher's government during the eighties. The differences between the odd couple continued after the creation of the European Union in 1992 and the "Brexit" simply represents the natural outcome of a distant and tumultuous relationship.Palavras-chave: Integração europeia, Reino Unido, BrexitKeywords: European integration, United Kingdom, BrexitDOI: 10.12957/rmi.2015.24641Recebido em 08 de Julho de 2016 / Received on July 8, 2016.

Intro -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- Researching Human Trafficking -- Writing About Human Trafficking -- Considering Security -- The Chapters Ahead -- References -- Part I Understanding Security and Human Trafficking in the 21st Century -- 2 Human Trafficking: Old Phenomenon, New Meaning(s) -- The Old and New Abolitionists -- Renewed Interest in Human Trafficking at the United Nations -- Focus on Women and Girls -- TVPA and the Four Ps: Prevention, Protection, Prosecution, and Partnerships -- Expansion of the Concept of Human Trafficking -- References -- 3 Human Trafficking as a Security Threat -- The Origins and Meaning of 'Security' -- Human trafficking and terrorism -- Human Trafficking and Organized Crime -- Securitization of Human Trafficking and Migration -- References -- Part II Fear of the Other -- 4 Closing US Refugee Resettlement with the Stroke of a Pen -- US Refugee Resettlement Program in a Snapshot -- The Chilling Effect of 9/11 on Refugee Admissions -- The Faltering US Protection for Refugees and Asylum Seekers -- Refugee Protection and National Security: Complementary, Not Competing Imperatives -- References -- 5 Fortress Europe -- Policing and Fortifying Borders -- Closing Refugee Camps -- Criminalizing Assistance to Refugees -- No to Refugees, Yes to Migrants with Money -- A Road to Nowhere: Asylum Seekers at the Brześć-Terespol Border Crossing -- Islamophobia Without Muslims -- Traffickers or Smugglers? Friends of Foes? -- Crimmigration -- References -- Part III Lived Experiences of (In)Security -- 6 Drug Mules, Foot Guides, or Victims of Child Trafficking? -- Setting the Stage -- Escaping Violence to Fall Prey to Violence -- Multiple Placements in Care -- Legal Outcomes and Long-Term Solutions -- Looking Forward -- References -- 7 Young and Male Asylum Seekers: A Security Threat to the European Union?.