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Cover -- CONTENTS -- A ROBUST AND CONTINUING EXPANSION -- RISING MEDIUM-TERM FINANCIAL STABILITY RISKS -- THE POTENTIAL FOR A RISING EXTERNAL IMBALANCE -- TROUBLING SOCIAL OUTCOMES -- THE U.S. FISCAL POSITION IS UNSUSTAINABLE -- MONETARY NORMALIZATION-REST STOP OR END OF THE LINE? -- A MORE OPEN, STABLE, AND TRANSPARENT, RULES-BASED INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM FOR TRADE AND INVESTMENT -- GOVERNANCE AND TRANSPARENCY -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOXES -- 1. Macro-Financial Links Between Household Wealth and Consumption -- 2. Financial System Oversight Since the 2018 Article IV -- 3. Recent Developments in the U.S. Energy Sector -- 4. Outward Spillovers of Trade Tensions -- 5. The Social and Macroeconomic Toll of Opioid Addiction -- 6. Social Assistance Programs -- 7. The Impact of the Corporate Income Tax Cut -- 8. Salient Risks to Growth and Inflation -- 9. Hysteresis and the Scope for Continued Monetary Accommodation -- FIGURES -- 1. An Enduring Expansion with Low Inflation -- 2. Financial Sector Vulnerabilities -- 3. The Nature of Poverty in the United States -- 4. A Decades-Long Rise in Income and Wealth Inequality -- 5. A Secular Decline in Socioeconomic Mobility -- 6. Education Indicators -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic Indicators -- 2. Balance of Payments -- 3. Federal and General Government Finances -- 4. Core Financial Soundness Indicators for Deposit Takers -- APPENDICES -- I. External Sector Assessment -- II. Risk Assessment Matrix -- III. Public Debt Sustainability Analysis -- IV. External Debt Sustainability Analysis -- V. Implementation of FSAP Recommendations -- CONTENTS -- FUND RELATIONS -- STATISTICAL ISSUES.

This paper discusses the results of the Financial System Stability Assessment on the United States made under the Financial Sector Assessment Program. It is found that welcome steps have been taken in strengthening the financial system. The Financial Stability Oversight Council now provides a useful forum for coordination, the regulatory perimeter has expanded, information sharing among agencies has improved, supervisory stress testing is leading changes in risk measurement and management, and new resolution powers have been established. However, new pockets of vulnerabilities have emerged, pa

Focus. The 2014 Article IV Consultation focused on five broad themes to strengthen therecovery and improve the long-term outlook: raising productivity growth and labor force participation, confronting poverty, keeping public debt on a sustained downward path, smoothly managing the exit from zero policy rates, and securing a safer financial system.Main policy issues.• Policies are needed to boost longer-term potential output through investments in infrastructure, raising educational outcomes, improving the tax structure, and developing and expanding a skilled labor force (including through i

In the face of rapid population ageing and the trend towards early retirement, there is a need to promote better employment opportunities for older people. Much has been said about the need for reform of old-age pensions and early retirement schemes but this may not be sufficient to raise employment rates for older people significantly or to reduce the future risk of labour shortages

Cover -- CONTENTS -- SOLID GROWTH, RISING INFLATION, FULL EMPLOYMENT -- THE MACROECONOMIC POLICY MIX -- A. Fiscal Policies -- B. Monetary Policy -- RESTORING FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY AND REBUILDING FISCAL SPACE -- THE TAX CUTS AND JOBS ACT -- A. Business Tax -- B. Personal Income Tax -- C. Pass-Throughs -- D. International Provisions -- E. International Tax Policy Spillovers -- TRADE POLICY -- FINANCIAL SYSTEM OVERSIGHT -- COMPETITION POLICY -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOXES -- 1. Determinants of U.S. Wage Inflation -- 2. Impact of a Nonlinear Phillips Curve -- 3. The Term Structure of Interest Rates and Forecasting Structural Variables -- 4. Household Saving, Investment and the Implications for the U.S. Current Account -- 5. Macro-Structural Policies to Boost Potential Growth -- 6. Impact of a Successful Renegotiation of NAFTA -- FIGURES -- 1. Financial System Indicators -- 2. Financial Stability and Growth-At-Risk -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic Indicators -- 2. Balance of Payments -- 3. Federal and General Government Finances -- 4. Core FSIs for Deposit Takers -- ANNEXES -- I. Risk Assessment Matrix -- II. External Sector Assessment -- III. Public Debt Sustainability Analysis -- IV. Implementation of FSAP Recommendations -- CONTENTS -- FUND RELATIONS -- STATISTICAL ISSUES.

In the face of rapid population ageing and the trend towards early retirement, there is a need to promote better employment opportunities for older people. Much has been said about the need for reform of old-age pensions and early retirement schemes but this may not be sufficient to raise employment rates for older people significantly or to reduce the future risk of labour shortages.

Intro -- UNITED STATES IN SPACE: NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY AND NATIONAL SPACE POLICY -- UNITED STATES IN SPACE: NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY AND NATIONAL SPACE POLICY -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: NATIONAL SECURITY SPACE STRATEGY: UNCLASSIFIED SUMMARY -- THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT -- STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES -- STRATEGIC APPROACHES -- Promoting Responsible, Peaceful, and Safe Use of Space -- Providing Improved U.S. Space Capabilities -- Partnering with Responsible Nations, International Organizations, and Commercial Firms -- Preventing and Deterring Aggression against Space Infrastructure that Supports U.S. National Security -- Preparing to Defeat Attacks and Operate in a Degraded Environment -- IMPLEMENTATION -- CONCLUSION - A NEW TYPE OF LEADERSHIP -- Chapter 2: NATIONAL SECURITY SPACE STRATEGY TARGETS SAFETY, STABILITY -- Chapter 3: NATIONAL SPACE POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA -- INTRODUCTION -- PRINCIPLES -- GOALS -- INTERSECTOR GUIDELINES -- Foundational Activities and Capabilities -- International Cooperation -- Strengthen U.S. Space Leadership -- Identify Areas for Potential International Cooperation -- Develop Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures -- Preserving the Space Environment and the Responsible Use of Space -- Preserve the Space Environment -- Foster the Development of Space Collision Warning Measures -- Effective Export Policies -- Space Nuclear Power -- Radiofrequency Spectrum and Interference Protection -- Assurance and Resilience of Mission-Essential Functions -- SECTOR GUIDELINES -- Commercial Space Guidelines -- Civil Space Guidelines -- Space Science, Exploration, and Discovery -- Environmental Earth Observation and Weather -- Land Remote Sensing -- National Security Space Guidelines.

Intro -- UNITED STATES MANUFACTURING PERSPECTIVES AND PROSPECTS -- UNITED STATES MANUFACTURING PERSPECTIVES AND PROSPECTS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 U.S. MANUFACTURING IN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE* -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- HOW THE U.S. MANUFACTURING SECTOR RANKS -- THE ROLE OF SERVICES IN MANUFACTURING -- MANUFACTURING WORK -- TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH IN MANUFACTURING -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 "HOLLOWING OUT" IN U.S. MANUFACTURING: ANALYSIS AND ISSUES FOR CONGRESS* -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- THE HEALTH OF U.S. MANUFACTURING -- WHAT IS VALUE ADDED? -- Accounting for Purchased Services -- Accounting for Research and Development -- Intellectual Property Exports -- Factoryless Manufacturing -- Price Biases -- INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND VALUE ADDED -- ISSUES FOR CONGRESS -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 THE IMPACT OF EXPORTING ON THE STABILITY OF U. S. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES* -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. COMPANY CASE STUDY: THE XEROX CORPORATION -- 3. COMPANY CASE STUDY: THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY -- 4. ANALYSIS OF 85 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN THE U.S. MANUFACTURING SECTOR -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- TECHNICAL APPENDIX -- Adjustments to the Shipments Data to Remove Predictable Trends -- ECONOMIC INTERPRETATION OF THE COMPARISON OF NORMALIZED VOLATILITIES -- Relation to the Economics Literature -- End Notes -- Chapter 4 REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT ON ENSURING AMERICAN LEADERSHIP IN ADVANCED MANUFACTURING* -- ABOUT THE PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL OF ADVISORS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY -- THE PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL OF ADVISORS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY -- EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL OF ADVISORS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20502 -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- Ensuring American Leadership in Advanced Manufacturing -- Implications of Declining U.S. Manufacturing Leadership

Intro -- TAXES IN THE UNITED STATES DEVELOPMENTS, ANALYSIS, AND RESEARCH VOLUME 5 -- TAXES IN THE UNITED STATES DEVELOPMENTS, ANALYSIS, AND RESEARCH VOLUME 5 -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITIES UNDER WHICH CONGRESS REGULATES STATE TAXATION -- SUMMARY -- COMMERCE CLAUSE -- Examples of Congressional Action -- SUPREMACY CLAUSE AND SIMILAR PROVISIONS -- Examples of Congressional Action -- TENTH AMENDMENT -- Court-Imposed Requirements Affecting State Taxation -- SPENDING CLAUSE -- IMPORT-EXPORT CLAUSE -- TONNAGE CLAUSE -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 THE INTERNET TAX FREEDOM ACT: IN BRIEF -- SUMMARY -- LEGISLATIVE STATUS AND BACKGROUND -- MORATORIUM ON TAXING INTERNET ACCESS -- THE GRANDFATHER CLAUSE -- MORATORIUM ON MULTIPLE OR DISCRIMINATORY TAXES -- USE TAXES AND INTERSTATE E-COMMERCE -- ECONOMIC AND POLICY CONSIDERATIONS -- Allow the Moratorium to Expire -- Technology-Neutral Tax Laws -- State Revenues and Autonomy -- Original Congressional Intent -- Extending the Moratorium -- Network Externalities -- Digital Divide -- Burdensome Tax Laws -- Permanent vs. Temporary -- Elimination of the Grandfather Clause -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 TAXATION OF INTERNET SALES AND ACCESS: LEGAL ISSUES -- SUMMARY -- CONSTITUTION'S NEXUS REQUIREMENT -- When Is There Sufficient Nexus? -- State "Amazon Laws" and Their Constitutionality -- Congressional Authority to Act -- Marketplace Fairness Act and Other Legislation -- INTERNET TAX FREEDOM ACT -- Moratorium on Multiple and Discriminatory Taxes on E-Commerce -- Moratorium on Taxes on Internet Access -- ITFA and Federal Taxes -- Internet Tax Freedom Act and State "Amazon Laws " -- Legislation Related to ITFA and Similar Concepts -- End Notes -- Chapter 4 PRESENT LAW AND SELECTED PROPOSALS RELATED TO THE REPATRIATION OF FOREIGN EARNINGS -- INTRODUCTION

Readers will learn about the many similarities and differences between United States citizens. This book celebrates this rich diversity. Vivid photographs help students understand how America's great fabric of ethnicities makes the nation multicultural and strong. This approachable text is written especially for young readers and is complete with a vocabulary-building glossary. This content aligns with social studies curricula, which will help students become compassionate and engaged citizens.