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This article, based on the teleological method, could be characterised as a compressed doctrine of presidential term limits that consists of the discussions of the 1787 Philadelphia Constitutional Convention and Federalists/Anti-Federalists during the process of ratification of the draft Constitution. The analysis of the thoughts of various American statesmen on the constitutional regulation of the executive tenure during the period of 1775–1790 demonstrates the importance and objectives of the executive tenure for the future of the US constitutional system. The early doctrine of the US presidential term limits consists of three steps, which could be defined as understanding, discussion, and finding the solution to the issue. The first step relates to the constitutional conventions of the states in the period of 1775– 1780, when the problem of the term limits of the executive was raised jointly with the issue of the powers of state governors' institutions. Their relative modesty, in comparison to the terms and powers of other institutions, is explained by the fears of the American statesmen related to the dangers of monarchy and tyranny. The said feelings and the importance of the national executive were the key factors in the first sessions of the 1787 Philadelphia Convention. Most delegates were conservative on the structure of the executive, elections, and the term limits, proposing a collegial body, single term, and elections at the parliament. However, the idea that a weak executive might not be effective prompted harsh political debates between the representatives of the states. [.]

This article, based on the teleological method, could be characterised as a compressed doctrine of presidential term limits that consists of the discussions of the 1787 Philadelphia Constitutional Convention and Federalists/Anti-Federalists during the process of ratification of the draft Constitution. The analysis of the thoughts of various American statesmen on the constitutional regulation of the executive tenure during the period of 1775–1790 demonstrates the importance and objectives of the executive tenure for the future of the US constitutional system. The early doctrine of the US presidential term limits consists of three steps, which could be defined as understanding, discussion, and finding the solution to the issue. The first step relates to the constitutional conventions of the states in the period of 1775– 1780, when the problem of the term limits of the executive was raised jointly with the issue of the powers of state governors' institutions. Their relative modesty, in comparison to the terms and powers of other institutions, is explained by the fears of the American statesmen related to the dangers of monarchy and tyranny. The said feelings and the importance of the national executive were the key factors in the first sessions of the 1787 Philadelphia Convention. Most delegates were conservative on the structure of the executive, elections, and the term limits, proposing a collegial body, single term, and elections at the parliament. However, the idea that a weak executive might not be effective prompted harsh political debates between the representatives of the states. [.]

Intro -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- DEDICATION -- ILLUSTRATIONS -- MAP -- FOREWORD -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- PREFACE -- I-MERCHANT SHIPS AND THEIR CAPTAINS -- The Fame and Captain Jeremiah Briggs -- The Brig Franklin and Captain John White -- II-DIPLOMATS AND NAVAL VESSELS -- John Shillaber, U.S. Consul in Batavia -- Edmund Roberts, Special Agent, and the Sloop-of-War Peacock -- Edmund Roberts: Second Mission -- Joseph Balestier, U.S. Consul, and Captain John Percival of the U.S.S. Constitution -- III-COMMERCE, STRATEGIC THINKING, AND COLONIAL EXPANSION -- Daniel Webster and Commodore Perry -- Colonies and Consulates -- France and China: A Growing Confrontation -- IV-THE UNITED STATES' GOOD OFFICES -- The First Attempt: July-August 1883 -- The Second and Third Attempts: July-August 1884 -- The Fourth Attempt: September-November 1884 -- Breathing Space: Trade and Consuls -- V-THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN: PRELUDE TO CONFRONTATION -- American Beginnings in Indochina -- Coming Confrontation -- Arms Shipments, High Diplomacy, and Commercial Considerations -- VI-JAPAN'S SOUTHWARD ADVANCE -- Japan's Southward Advance Accelerates -- Japanese Forces Occupy Tonkin -- Exploratory U.S.-Japanese Conversations Begin -- "The Pudgy Thumb" Falls and Talks Resume -- CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS -- APPENDIXES A TO G HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS -- Appendix A-U.S. Consul John Shillaber's Report to the Secretary of State on Cochin China -- Appendix B-Secretary of State Livingston's Instructions to Special Agent Edmund Roberts -- Appendix C-Special Agent Edmund Roberts' Report on his First Mission -- Appendix D-Letter to the Secretary of the Navy from Captain John Percival -- Appendix E-Mr. Balestier to the Secretary of State -- Appendix F -- Appendix G -- THE AUTHOR -- NOTES-Colonies and Consulates -- IV THE UNITED STATES' GOOD OFFICES -- The First Attempt: July-August 1883.

The Constitution of the United States / annotated by Erin Ackerman and Benjamin Ginsberg -- The Bill of Rights -- Other Amendments -- The Declaration of Independence -- The Articles of Confederation -- The Federalist Papers

THIS ARTICLE DESCRIBES THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION SIMULATION, A MAJOR NEW OFFERING OF THE INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATIONS SIMULATIONS (ICS) PROGRAM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN SCHOOL OF EDUCATION. THE PRODUCT OF A CLOSE COLLABORATION BETWEEN ICS AND THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY, IT IS A ROLE-PLAYING SIMULATION THAT IS AN EXERCISE IN BOTH AMERICAN HISTORY AND UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. IN THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION SIMULATION PARTICIPANTS ROLE-PLAY 70 PROMINENT AMERICAN PUBLIC FIGURES WHO ARE ALL DELEGATES TO A CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION "IN THE NEAR FUTURE." THE MOST DRAMATIC ASPECT OF THE EXERCISE IS THAT THESE FIGURES ARE DRAWN FROM MORE THAN 200 YEARS OF AMERICAN HISTORY. THE OLDEST DELEGATE IS GEORGE MASON, A MEMBER OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1789, AND THE YOUNGEST IS MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. ONLY THREE OF THE 70 CHARACTERS ARE ALIVE TODAY. A CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, PERHAPS ESPECIALLY IN THE UNITED STATES, IS INTENDED TO BE AN ENDURING DOCUMENT, POLITICALLY RELEVANT TO GENERATIONS WHOSE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXTS HAVE LITTLE IN COMMON. A HISTORICALLY CONSTRUCTED CONVENTION ATTEMPTING TO DRAFT SUCH A DOCUMENT PROVIDES A DRAMATIC SETTING FOR ITS DELEGATE PARTICIPANTS TO CONFRONT DIRECTLY A BROAD RANGE OF CONSTITUTIONAL MATTERS AND THE VERY ESSENCE OF CONSTITUTIONALISM IN ITS HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXT. THIS IS THE EDUCATIONAL INTENTION OF ICS UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION SIMULATION.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- The First Constitution -- The Constitutional Convention -- Ratification -- We the People -- The Legislative Branch -- The Executive Branch -- The Judicial Branch -- States' Rights and Amendments -- The Bill of Rights -- More Amendments -- Always at Work -- Glossary -- For More Information -- Index -- Back Cover

Bibliography: p. [385]-426; "Reference list": p. [427]-441. ; Observations on the new Constitution, and on the federal and state conventions / a Columbian patriot ; E. Gerry -- An examination into the leading principles of the federal Constitution / a citizen of America ; N. Webster -- An address to the people of the state of New York, on the subject of the Constitution / a citizen of New York ; J. Jay -- Address to the people of the state of New York / a plebian ; M. Smith -- The weakness of Brutus exposed: or Some remarks in vindication of the Constitution / a citizen of Philadelphia ; P. Webster -- An examination of the Constitution of the United States of America / an American citizen ; T. Coxe -- Speech on the federal Constitution, delivered in Philadelphia / Wilson, J. -- Letters of Fabius on the Constitution / J. Dickinson -- Remarks on the proposed plan of a federal government / Aristides ; A.C. Hanson -- Letter on the federal Constitution / E. Randolph -- Observations, on the suystem of government proposed by the late convention / a federal farmer ; R.H. Lee -- Objections to the federal Constitution / G. Mason -- Observations on George Mason's Objections to the federal Constution / Marcus ; J. Iredell -- An address to the freemen of the South Carolina on the federal Constitution / Civis ; D. Ramsay. ; Mode of access: Internet.

One of the most influential documents ever written, the U.S. Constitution delineates not only the basic structure of the entire federal government, but also limns the democratic principles and philosophies that made the American experiment such a radical departure from other countries. This version contains the original seven Articles

Federalism: A Reference Guide to the United States Constitution provides a thorough examination of this significant and distinctive part of the U.S. constitutional system, documenting its role in major domestic constitutional controversies in every period

Konstytucja Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki wyróżnia się na tle konstytucji europejskich z kilku powodów. Po pierwsze, jest jedną z najkrótszych konstytucji, biorąc pod uwagę liczbę artykułów. Po drugie, należy do konstytucji sztywnych, trudno zmienianych. Po trzecie, jakiekolwiek zmiany konstytucyjne nie są wprowadzane do jej treści, ale umieszczane w postaci numerowanych poprawek. Po czwarte, od uchwalenia Konstytucji w 1789 r. wprowadzono zaledwie 27 poprawek, z czego ostatnia czekała na wejście w życie 203 lata. Ostatnia poprawka dotyczy zakazu zmiany wysokości uposażenia parlamentarzystów w trakcie kadencji i jest jedną z najciekawszych, biorąc pod uwagę jej kontekst historyczny.

The Constitution is a pro-slavery instrument, according to the necessary meaning of its terms.--The framers of the Constitution intended to make a pro-slavery instrument.--The Constitution has been treated as a pro-slavery instrument, by the government, in practice.--The Constitution is pro-slavery, according to the exposition of its final interpreter. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; BEIN,GEN Slavery Pamphlets 64: Another issue.