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This paper presents work by the International Energy Agency's Task 26 'Cost of Wind Energy' on technological and cost trends in land-based wind energy in six participating countries (Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, United States) and the European Union between 2008 and 2016. Results indicate that there is a general trend towards larger, taller machines with lower specific powers resulting in higher capacity factors, despite small falls in new site wind resources in most countries, while wind project capital costs and project finance costs also fell. This resulted in an average levelized cost of energy (LCOE) fall of 33% for new projects to 48€/MWh at the end of the study period. Analysis of the components of levelized cost change indicated that changes in specific power, financing cost and capital cost accounted for 45%, 25% and 17% respectively of the estimated reduction. It is therefore important that trends in technological factors such as specific power are considered when assessing wind energy learning rates, rather than just capital costs, which has been the primary focus heretofore. While LCOEs have fallen, the value of wind energy has fallen proportionately more, meaning grid parity appears no closer than at the beginning of the study. Policymakers must therefore consider both the cost and value of wind energy, and understand the volatility of this gap when designing land-based wind energy policy measures.

"Interest in social science and empirical analyses of law, courts and specifically the politics of judges has never been higher or more salient. Consequently, there is a strong need for theoretical work on the research that focuses on courts, judges and the judicial process. The Routledge Handbook of Judicial Behavior provides the most up to date examination of scholarship across the entire spectrum of judicial politics and behavior, written by a combination of currently prominent scholars and the emergent next generation of researchers. Unlike almost all other volumes, this Handbook examines judicial behavior from both an American and Comparative perspective.Part 1 provides a broad overview of the dominant Theoretical and Methodological Perspectives used to examine and understand judicial behavior,Part 2 offers an in-depth analysis of the various current scholarly areas examining the U.S. Supreme Court,Part 3 moves from the Supreme Court to examining other U.S. federal and state courts, andPart 4 presents a comprehensive overview of Comparative Judicial Politics and Transnational Courts.Each author in this volume provides perspectives on the most current methodological and substantive approaches in their respective areas, along with suggestions for future research. The chapters contained within will generate additional scholarly and public interest by focusing on topics most salient to the academic, legal and policy communities."--Provided by publisher.

An analysis is made of the occurrence of the Cuban Revolution in the space of a Pan American system designed from Washington and the attempts by the U.S. to isolate the Cuban government from its Latin American and Caribbean neighbors. A chronological order is made of the main moments of the new relations developed by Havana with the rest of the capital cities of the hemisphere, until achievement is made to marginalize the efforts of the United States, in circumstances of decrease in their regional influence. ; Se analizan el significado de la ocurrencia de la Revolución Cubana en el espacio de un sistema panamericano diseñado desde Washington y los intentos estadounidenses de aislar al gobierno cubano de sus vecinos latinoamericanos y caribeños. Se ordenan cronológicamente los principales momentos de las nuevas relaciones que La Habana fue desarrollando con el resto de las capitales del hemisferio, hasta lograr marginar los esfuerzos de Estados Unidos, en una circunstancia de disminución de su influencia regional.

Авторы рассматривают направления и проблемы создания инновационных кластеровв мировой экономике, отмечая их активное развитие как в промышленно развитых, так ив развивающихся государствах. Они подчеркивают высокую роль правительственных учреждений, университетов, некоммерческих организаций и частных компаний, выделяютважность хорошей взаимной координации их работы, формирования атмосферы довериямежду рабочими группами участников кластера. Авторы доказывают необходимость по-литики стимулирования создания кластеров со стороны государственных организаций. ; Тhe authors examine the trends and challenges in creating innovative clusters in the global economy, noting their robust development both in industrialized and developing countries. They emphasize the important role of government agencies, universities, non-profit organizations and private companies, highlight the importance of close mutual coordination of their activities,creating an atmosphere of trust between the working groups of members of a cluster. The authors prove the necessity to bolster policies for creating clusters by government organizations.

I have attended and been involved in dozens of annual meetings and conferences across the UnitedStates over the past decade. My experiences at these events, I am certain, are likely to be very similarto those of most readers. At these conferences the basic format involves a large number of peoplecoming together to presumably learn something new, to interact with colleagues, to network and meetnew colleagues within the context of bringing what is learned back ones institution.

A Companion to Ronald Reagan evaluates in unprecedenteddetail the events, policies, politics, and people of Reagan'sadministration. It assesses the scope and influence of his variouscareers within the context of the times, providing wide-rangingcoverage of his administration, and his legacy. Assesses Reagan and his impact on the development of the UnitedStates based on new documentary evidence and engagementwith the most recent secondary literatureOffers a mix of historiographic chapters devoted to foreign anddomestic policy, with topics integrated thematically andchronologicallyIncludes a se

Winner of the 2013 National Jewish Book Award, Women's Studies Ballots, Babies, and Banners of Peace explores the social andpolitical activism of American Jewish women from approximately1890 to the beginnings of World War II. Written in an engaging style, the book demonstrates that no historyof the birth control, suffrage, or peace movements in the UnitedStates is complete without analyzing the impact of Jewish women'spresence. The volume is based on years of extensive primarysource research in more than a dozen archives and among hundredsof primary sources, many of which have previously nev

As we finalize this issue, the horrible events befalling the UnitedStates on September 11, 2001 have changed the world—in ways thatwe, only two weeks after the attacks, are still watching unfold. Interms of the journal and its New York-based publisher, BerghahnBooks, we have lost a wonderful business partner and friend: DougStone, the owner and founder of Odyssey Press, was aboard AmericanAirlines Flight 11, the first plane to hit the World Trade Centertowers. We would like to express our sincere condolences to DougStone's family, friends, and colleagues at Odyssey Press.

The purpose of this course is to explore various aspects of political communication in the UnitedStates. Our first topic will be presidential rhetoric and the rhetorical presidency. As we explorethis topic, we will investigate the historical development of presidential communication and themajor genres which help shape and structure that communication. Our second topic will bepolitical campaigns and the evolution of the "long campaign," particularly its inescapableconnection to mass media. Our third topic will be grassroots and resistance politicalcommunication. Here, our focus will be on the nontraditional approaches taken by ordinarycitizens and citizen groups as they strive to have their voices heard and impact policy.

This study aims at describing the way Obama gives appraisal attitude in his political view infront of his people of the United States in particular and people of the world in general. Theobject of the study was Obama's Inauguration Speech 2009 as the 44th president of the UnitedStates in the level of words, phrases, clauses and sentences. The data was analyzed usingAppraisal Attitude System (AAS). The result of the study shows that Obama believes thatAmerica is in an intricate position since it has many problems and some countries do not trustAmerica from the political perspective. Obama convinces his people by persuading them thathe can solve the problems in good ways.

While there has been a dramatic shift in the demographic educational landscape of the UnitedStates, to a more culturally diverse student population, the characteristics of teachers andeducational leaders have remained largely homogeneous. Classroom teachers and schoolprincipals remain predominately White, approximately 90%, and 84% respectively (National Centerfor Education Statistics, as cited in Taylor & Whittaker, 2003). According to many experts, thedifferences between school and home culture result in lower rates of academic achievement fordiverse learners. This article focuses on the challenge facing educational leaders to respond to thisdemographic shift by leading the implementation of a more culturally inclusive pedagogy that willimprove the learning opportunities of diverse students.

Recently, certain small uninhabited islands in the central Pacific Ocean have assumedsudden importance for the British Empire and the United States. Their value as landing places for commercial aviation and as strategic bases for air and naval forces is being increasingly recognized. Acquired during the past century by Great Britain and the UnitedStates, many of these islands have been the object of conflicting claims to sovereignty by the two nations. To clarify their status, it has been found desirable to review the past practice of these states and to examine those factors which were considered adequateto create sovereign rights over uninhabited islands in the Pacific.