Universalism
In: T.M.C. Asser Institute for International & European Law, Asser Research Paper 2022-04, in: d'Aspremont, J. & Singh, S. (eds.), Concepts for International Law, Cheltenham (UK): Edward Elgar Publishing (2019)
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In: T.M.C. Asser Institute for International & European Law, Asser Research Paper 2022-04, in: d'Aspremont, J. & Singh, S. (eds.), Concepts for International Law, Cheltenham (UK): Edward Elgar Publishing (2019)
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This book begins from the premise, which it seeks to elaborate, that the poorest human being shares with the richest, a natural nature. This, it is claimed, is not the trivial thesis it is sometimes represented as being. Rather, significant moral consequences flow from the assumption that all human beings share a set of natural needs. Using this starting point, the book also seeks to defend an objectivist epistemology.
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Congressional decisions with redistributive effects are frequently made by unanimous or near unanimous coalitions, suggesting a norm of universalism. Simple expected-value arguments based on the rewards to legislators of the coalition of the whole & the uncertainties of minimal winning coalitions, however, do not directly describe how legislators make decisions, & thus fail to show why it is against members' self-interest to defect from a norm of universalism. Further, inefficiencies in legislation can only be explained by additional assumptions or appeals to secondary norms. An alternative model is proposed, based on constituency motivations, that establishes universalism as an optimal individual choice & accommodates inefficient legislation directly. 5 Figures, 18 References. Modified HA