Suchergebnisse

Domestic end-users' participation in urban water management is essential to achieving improved water delivery system that meet the needs of all urban dwellers in Ghana. This paper examined how domestic end-users can effectively participate in managing urban water in Wa. The study used semi-structured questionnaires and key informant interviews with a sample of 379 households and two staff from Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) and Public Utilities Regulatory Commission (PURC). Kendall's coefficient of concordance analysis and content analysis were the analytical techniques employed. It found that households' level of participationin urban water management was 14%. Results of the Kendall's analysis showed a coefficient of 0.59, which indicates that there is a high agreement level among households that the low level of participation is attributed to GWCL's lack of trust in end-users' capacity to make meaningful inputs. It identifies formation of urban zonal water management committees, communication and information sharing, operational transparency and assigning specific roles to end-users as some of the strategies for improving participation in urban water management. These findings have implications for the realisation of the Ghana National Water Policy objective of participatory decision-making in urban water management. It is important that GWCL streamlines its operations and sensitise end-users on its operations
Keywords: End-users, Participation, Urban Water, Management, Challenges

According to the latest census of 2011, the urbanization level in India has increased from 27.8 percent in 2001 to 31.2 percent in 2011, and for the first time, the absolute increase in urban population exceeded the increase in rural population. India has different administrative arrangements for rural and urban areas, which are based on the 73rd and 74th amendments to the Constitution of India respectively. Since the census towns (CTs) continue to be governed by rural administrative arrangements this situation raises an additional set of questions, in addition to the nature of economic transformation, related to the trade-offs-between rural and urban status. The report shall try and find answers to the following questions: (a) how does their governance affect the settlements economically and spatially?; (b) what underpins the economic dynamics of these settlements?; and (c) what are the drivers of change in land use and what relationships, if any, are there between agglomeration of settlements and economic and social and governance processes? The report is organized into two main parts. The first part provides a reading of the existing literature on small towns along the three main axis of research: governance, employment, and spatial change. It also provides a detailed rationale for the choice of sites and expands on the methodology chosen. The second part constitutes of four sections: (i) the first considers the CT as a liminal notion, enabling to unpack ones reading of urbanization; (ii) the second is concerned with the shift towards non-farm employment, the reality (or not) of sectoral differentiation in CTs, and the analysis of the new types of jobs existing in the towns; (iii) the third is concerned with the existing debates and practices around the idea that some CTs should become statutory towns; and (iv) the fourth looks at the various urban services and attempts to assess which variations (rural and urban; state) explain differences in services.

The purpose of this article is to research and analyze the differences students have noted in foreign programmes and suggest ways to development the crafts and home economics teacher education programme in Latvia. Students (n=14) were interviewed and asked to describe any noted differences in the study organization process; indicate the various methods, assignments, and assessment practices used in home economics and craft courses, including teaching practice; and attitude of students towards the study process. Content analysis of the interviews indicate students' suggestions to development the crafts and home economics learning and teaching process, as well changes in teaching practice made by the students. Research results indicate that the students offered more information on differences than suggestions for development. The greatest differences were noted in the acquisition of crafts skills, followed by the organization of the study process and home economics. Student suggestions focused mainly on course content, but actual changes were implemented in teaching methods.

Intro -- Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics 2019 -- Preface -- Contents -- Building and Architecture -- Building as a Primary Means of Preventative Care. Postulate of Certification of Buildings Intended for Use by the Elderly in Multi-family Housing and Collective Housing -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Highlights of Modern House Design for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities -- 3 Genesis of the Concept: Assessment Tools and Certifications -- 4 Environment Assessment Tool for Longevity (EATL) Philosophy -- 5 Environment Assessment Tool for Longevity (EATL) Objectives -- 6 EATL Research Methods -- 7 EATL Questionnaires -- 8 Case Studies -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- T-House in Shaping Sustainable Housing -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 T-House and Idea of the Modular Building -- 3 Urban Arrangements -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Ergonomics for Children -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Purpose of the Article -- 2 Discussion -- 2.1 Types of Children Parks and Playgrounds -- 2.2 Diversity and Activity -- 3 Safety -- 3.1 Equipment and Flooring -- 3.2 Safety - Structural and Material Solutions -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Reconstruction with a Change of Function - Ergonomics of the Hotel Environment -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Purpose of the Article -- 1.2 Scope and Method for the Research -- 2 Discussion -- 2.1 Case Studies -- 2.2 Development Possibilities -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- T-House. Shaping Ergonomic and Flexible Interiors in Modular Form Connected to Horticultural Therapy Zone -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 T-House and Architectural Idea of the Modular Building -- 3 Ergonomic and Flexible Interiors -- 4 Horticultural Therapy Zone -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Ergonomics of Sound in a Hotel Environment -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Aim and Scope -- 1.2 Definitions.

Integration into architectural or urban context as an evaluation criterion is claimed to be subjective and hardly substantiated.
In spite of its ambiguity, it is generally accepted as one of the basic demands in architectural design. So what the context is in architectural design?
The article explores specific understandings of architectural-urban context from characteristic perspectives in urban heritage protection and management.
From perspective of architectural heritage protection, context is physical architectural objects nearby, perceived visually in a static mode, and
respected in interventions by achieving harmonious relationship with it. From the point of view of cultural landscape, context is an interacting natural
and man-made environment, constantly changing according to place-specific natural and cultural processes; its processual character and the accumulated
meanings that rise from imbedded experiences ought to be continued in following architectural transformations. Historic urban landscape approach assumes
that context is constantly developing through urbanization, cultural, social and economic processes, which cultural uniqueness and identity is saturated
by place-based meanings, experiences and emotional relationships attributed by local community, ought to be contributed in present-day architectural
transformations. From the point of view of sustainable development, context is an inherited cultural, social, material, economic resource and a source of
traditional knowledge, performance and behaviours to be adapted and carried on towards a greater sensitivity to the environment, culture, climate, and
place, and for the wellbeing of local community.

AbstractCities around the world have recently started to become 'proactive' initiators of climate strategies containing both mitigation and adaptation elements. The experience of these first movers has been studied and documented both empirically and, to a lesser extent, theoretically, primarily for cities in the global North. This symposium addresses related knowledge gaps by exploring case studies of urban regions in the global South confronting their projected climate change challenges, showcasing the experiences of Delhi, Santiago de Chile and Bogotá. Its specific aim is to explore the urban social response to nature change, the adaptation challenges faced by cities across the world and current practices of urban adaptation. Further, the symposium seeks to understand to what extent and in what respect current conceptual frameworks — which highlight urban ecological security and vulnerability — provide a useful context/framing to assist cities in confronting their challenges and to explain their actions. This introductory article examines current knowledge of the theory and practice of urban climate response. It introduces the concepts of ecological security and vulnerability and discusses the adaptive capacity of cities and how they are starting to respond to the emerging challenges of climate change. It concludes with a synthesis of the case articles and highlights some of the findings.

According to Arthur Powell "Advanced Placement courses have probably brought more challenging academic experiences to more students than any other single reform in recent American high school history" ( Lessons from Privilege: The American Prep School Tradition, p. 243). To this end, there has been a significant increase in Advanced Placement (AP) course offerings, course enrollments, and AP test-taking throughout the Commonwealth of Virginia and the nation. In this article, the effect of an urban school district's initiative to expand PSAT test-taking as a means of identifying academically able students is examined in relationship to increased AP course-taking and completion. Three years worth of data involving over 4,000 high school graduates are included in the study. Logistic regression is used to model the relationship between students' ninth grade GPA, 10th grade PSAT scores, race, gender, and graduation year on completing at least one AP course in high school. Suggestions are included for improved use of PSAT results to identify students who might succeed in AP courses. Finally, model adequacy is considered with an eye in identifying additional variables for use in future studies.

This important collection of Margaret Pelling's essays brings together her key studies of health, medicine and poverty in Tudor and Stuart England - including a number published here for the first time. They show that - then as now - health and medical care were everyday obsessions of ordinary people in the Tudor and Stuart era. Margaret Pelling's book brings this vital dimension of the early modern world in from the periphery of specialist study to the heart of the concerns of social, economic and cultural historians.

Drawing on Jakarta, Metro Manila and Singapore as case studies, we explore the paradox of slow political action in addressing subsiding land, particularly along high-density urban coastlines with empirical insights from coastal geography, geodesy analysis, geology, and urban planning. In framing land subsidence as a classic 'wicked' policy problem, and also as a hybrid geological and anthropogenic phenomenon that is unevenly experienced across urban contexts, the paper uses a three-step analysis. First, satellite-derived InSAR maps are integrated with Sentinel-1A data in order to reveal the socio-temporal variability of subsidence rates which in turn pose challenges in uniformly applying regulatory action. Second, a multi-sectoral mapping of diverse policies and practices spanning urban water supply, groundwater extraction, land use zoning, building codes, tenurial security, and land reclamation reveal the extent to which the broader coastal governance landscape remains fragmented and incongruous, particularly in arresting a multi-dimensional phenomenon such as subsidence. Finally, in reference to distinct coastal identities of each city–the 'Sinking Capital' (Jakarta), 'Fortress Singapore', and the 'Disaster Capital' (Manila) the paper illustrates how land subsidence is portrayed across the three metropolises in markedly similar ways: as a reversible, quasi-natural, and/or a highly individualized problem.

Small-scale enterprise geographical concentrations are a common feature in Nairobi and other urban centres. Rarely do small enterprises exist singly in a given space. Small enterprise entrepreneurs operate in close proximity to each other or in groups comprising as few as two members or groups with as many as five hundred entrepreneurs. This study investigates this phenomenon to establish whether these clusters serve as a basis for collective efficiency. It is based on two enterprise concentrations - Ziwani in Nairobi and Kigandaini in Thika Town. (DÜI-Hff)

The paper aims to reveal the politics of urban governance and the associated impact on the lives of disenfranchised migrants. It critically explores the urban governance structure and the nature of practices involved in the cycle of settlement, eviction, resistance and resettlement. The case of Nonadanga, located at the urban margin of Kolkata, India, was explored for this purpose. An ethnographic methodology comprising observation, semi-structured interviews and oral history was adopted for the research. Twelve squatter dwellers and four experts working in Nonadanga and Kolkata were interviewed for this purpose. A three-step data analysis comprising a narrative approach, thematic network analysis and validation was adopted. A critical review of inclusive practices, together with ethnographic survey findings, demonstrates that migrants live in a condi-tion the paper calls "partial rights", which is a manifestation of the dialectics of inclusiveness prac-ticed by the urban governance structure and derived from the interaction between urban governance structure and migrants' agency. By analyzing past development trends, the paper outlines possible future scenarios for migrants' living conditions and discusses their impact on achieving the targeted Sustainable Development Goal 11 for inclusive cities by 2030.