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AbstractThe notion of the 'urban laboratory' is increasingly striking a chord with actors involved in urban change. Is this term simply a metaphor for urban development or does it suggest urbanization by substantially different means? To answer this question, we review the work of science and technology studies (STS) scholars who have empirically investigated laboratories and practices of experimentation over the past three decades to understand the significance of these spaces of experimentation in urban contexts. Based on this overview of laboratory studies, we argue that urban laboratories and experimentation involve three key achievements — situatedness, change‐orientation and contingency — that are useful for evaluating and critiquing those practices that claim to be urban laboratories. We conclude by considering some future directions of research on urban laboratories.

In the politics of the regional and local development much less attention is devoting itself to small cities compared with large urban agglomerations. However a territorial cohesion of regions is seriously dependent on the amount and the level of development of small cities. Justifying the need of marketing assisting of the development of these economic individuals is the purpose of this article. The practice of the planning and the marketing management is poorly popularized especially in regions of Eastern Poland. In this article authors are stressing the need of assisting attraction of small cities towards basic groups, in it of residents, diverse companies, institutions and social organizations as well as visitors. The small cities are in the regions the specific "pumping stations" of the production, services, capital and information from the larger centers to one's back. On the example of the poorly urbanized Lubelskie Voivodship it is possible to state that the net of cities is too rare. Low urban planning standards are characteristic of small cities. The urban planning marketing can be the direction of the improvement of the social, economic and spatial situation of such regions as the Lubelskie Voivodship. Amongst this tools a main role will be playing the improvement in the standards of the technical and social infrastructure and comprehensive preparing the new investment grounds for the settlement and the market business activity. The improvement in the corporate culture of local governments in cooperation with all sorts partners on the local and regional level will also be needed.

Der Beitrag stellt zunächst drei Datenkataloge vor, die für deutsche Städte eine kleinräumige Stadtbeobachtung auf Grundlage von untergemeindlichen Daten ermöglichen. Dass es für Stadtteildaten nicht nur eine Sammlung gibt, an der sich alle Städte beteiligen, ist unterschiedlichen Entstehungszusammenhängen geschuldet, in denen auf je verschiedene Anforderungen einzugehen war. Weiter werden Gütekriterien vorgeschlagen, die eine Einschätzung der Qualität derartiger Datensammlungen ermöglichen. Dafür werden aktuell diskutierte Standards und Verhaltenskodizes gesichtet, beurteilt und für die Ansprüche der deutschen Kataloge modifiziert. Schließlich werden die drei Kataloge auf dieser Grundlage beurteilt. Diese Beurteilung erlaubt allen Nutzerinnen und Nutzern untergemeindlicher Daten, die aus mehr als einer Kommune stammen, die Reichweite und Sicherheit ihrer darauf fußenden Analysen besser einschätzen zu können.

Many Rust-Belt cities have seen almost half their populations move from inside the city borders to the surrounding suburbs and elsewhere since the 1970s. As populations shifted, neighborhoods changed—in their average income, educational profile, and housing prices. But the shift did not happen in every neighborhood at the same rate. Recent research has uncovered some of the patterns characterizing the process.

This paper provides empirical evidence that helps to answer several key questions relating to the extent of urban sprawl in Europe. Building on the monocentric city model, this study uses existing data sources to derive a set of panel data for 282 European cities at three time points (1990, 2000 and 2006). Two indices of urban sprawl are calculated that, respectively, reflect changes in artificial area and the levels of urban fragmentation for each city. These are supplemented by a set of data on various economic and geographical variables that might explain the variation of the two indices. Using a Hausman-Taylor estimator and random regressors to control for the possi- ble correlation between explanatory variables and unobservable city-level effects, we find that the fundamental conclusions of the standard monocentric model are valid in the European context for both indices. Although the variables generated by the monocentric model explain a large part of the variation of artificial area, their explanatory power for modelling the fragmentation index is relatively low.