Suchergebnisse

The article deals with the implementation of the Prosecutor's supervision over the implementation of laws in the field of urban planning. The complex of problematic issues related to the presence of legal conflicts and contradictions in the regulatory framework in the field of urban planning and the limits of prosecutorial supervision, the development of modern and effective organizational and methodological materials that ensure the need for an integrated approach for the timely detection, elimination and prevention of violations in the field of urban planning, necessitate the justification of the features of prosecutorial supervision over the implementation of relevant legislation, as well as the development of modern solutions to address them. In addition, the complexity of legislative regulation, the presence of specific and cross-sectoral legal relations, emerging in the field of urban planning and, as a result of a wide range of violations in the course of law enforcement, necessitate the development of solutions to eliminate them, it is by means of prosecutorial supervision. ; В статье рассматриваются вопросы осуществления прокурорского надзора за исполнением законов в сфере градостроительной деятельности. Комплекс проблемных вопросов, связанных с наличием правовых коллизий и противоречий в нормативной базе в сфере градостроительства и пределов прокурорского надзора, разработка современных и эффективных организационно-методических материалов, обеспечивающих необходимость применение комплексного подхода для своевременного выявления, устранения и предупреждения нарушений в сфере градостроительства, вызывают необходимость обоснования особенностей прокурорского надзора за исполнением соответствующего законодательства, а также разработки современных решений по их устранению. Кроме того, комплексность законодательного регулирования, наличие специфических и межотраслевых правоотношений, складывающихся в сфере градостроительства и, как следствие широкого спектра нарушений в ходе правоприменения вызывают необходимость выработки решений по их устранению, именно средствами прокурорского надзора.

The object of this thesis is bottom-up strategy for culture-led urban development process and policy. The goal of this thesis is to examine the notion and practice of creative placemaking as a method bottom-up strategy for culture-led urban development and to discuss the possibility of incorporation of creative placemaking principles into urban development policy implementation. The methodology of the research includes review of interdisciplinary literature, development of a conceptual framework that defines the practice and concept of placemaking. This framework is applied into an empirical research: a content analysis of official statements, articles and documents of biggest placemaking organizations; a case study of selected placemaking initiatives, and suggestions for incorporation of placemaking principles into implementation of urban development policy. The research concludes on complexity of concepts and notions of culture and development in regard to urban policy as unvisitable condition in the context of volatile and fluid relationships that characterize the field. In this regard, the main principles that creative placemaking follows, make it a valuable method for bottom-up culture-led urban development. These principles include participation, communication, activation of local community, reinvention of tools and mechanism. The controversy of the notion of placemaking is presented as a characteristic of intersectoral field that is function within. Theoretical and empirical discussions, done in this thesis, open a possibility to talk about creative placemaking, as a process and movement with its own political agenda, presenting new modes of production, communication and cooperation

The object of this thesis is bottom-up strategy for culture-led urban development process and policy. The goal of this thesis is to examine the notion and practice of creative placemaking as a method bottom-up strategy for culture-led urban development and to discuss the possibility of incorporation of creative placemaking principles into urban development policy implementation. The methodology of the research includes review of interdisciplinary literature, development of a conceptual framework that defines the practice and concept of placemaking. This framework is applied into an empirical research: a content analysis of official statements, articles and documents of biggest placemaking organizations; a case study of selected placemaking initiatives, and suggestions for incorporation of placemaking principles into implementation of urban development policy. The research concludes on complexity of concepts and notions of culture and development in regard to urban policy as unvisitable condition in the context of volatile and fluid relationships that characterize the field. In this regard, the main principles that creative placemaking follows, make it a valuable method for bottom-up culture-led urban development. These principles include participation, communication, activation of local community, reinvention of tools and mechanism. The controversy of the notion of placemaking is presented as a characteristic of intersectoral field that is function within. Theoretical and empirical discussions, done in this thesis, open a possibility to talk about creative placemaking, as a process and movement with its own political agenda, presenting new modes of production, communication and cooperation

The article was prepared on the basis of an international comparative study - a sociological survey of students from regional universities from 37 cities in the Sverdlovsk region of the Russian Federation and 20 settlements of the Shirak region in the Republic of Armenia (targeted sample, No. = 715). The authors explore the potential for social participation of students from countries with a common political background of post-socialism and cardinal differences in the cultural and historical heritage of urban spaces. The purpose of this article is to determine the potential for social participation of students of regional universities in Russia and Armenia and the subjective factors that determine their activity in the development of cities. The article analyzes the experience of volunteering, as well as the willingness of students to different types of constructive social participation in urban development. To identify factors that activate the social participation of students, a discriminant analysis has been used. Discriminant models were constructed dividing groups of students from different countries with a high and low degree of readiness for social participation, as well as into groups with and without volunteering experience. The authors argue that Russia and Armenia are characterized by an identical structure of student involvement in volunteer activities, but the level of students' readiness for social participation in urban development in the countries under consideration is different. For Armenian students, not only the willingness for social participation is higher, but also the practices themselves are more associated with active socio-cultural activities in the urban space. Two factors that determine the experience of real participation in the socio-cultural development of cities are characteristic of both Russian and Armenian students. The real experience of volunteering is more likely to be acquired by those students who are motivated to receive information about the culture and history of their cities, as well as the ability to see and identify significant cultural and historical objects where they live and study. In the Russian scenario, the importance of the city, the need for its development increases for students if they, being armed with certain knowledge about its culture and history, consider that the city is an interesting object (including a tourist one) for promotion. For Armenian students, knowledge of the culture and history of their place of birth is a basic factor that shapes their interest in further exploring their cities, the desire to make them better. © 2020 Moscow Polytechnic University. All rights reserved. ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR : 20-011-00471 ; Government Council on Grants, Russian Federation ; The research was supported by RFBR, project № 20-011-00471. The work was supported by the Government of the Russian Federation (№ 02.A03.21.0006).

Concepts of «smart cities», development of innovative environment in territorial space, problems of formation of new environment due to increase in innovative activity, a tendency in approaches to innovative development of territories, characteristics for definition of city development are considered. The modern role of megalopolises as points of growth with which agglomeration (accession, concentration) represents process of the megalopolis creation is noted. The structure of agglomeration is formed by the cities, settlements, residential districts which don›t have clear physical boundary. The model of strategic management of the city based on the principles of system approach, integrity (definition of border and control system of all agglomeration), emerdzhenticy (achievement of synergetic effect), hierarchy (idea of orientation of the strategic analysis), self-organization (compliance to laws of the theory of organization) is investigated. The specifics of the innovative environment are defined by it ability to generate synergy, value added of elements from their interaction. The innovative environment is considered by the main source of creation of value added in the course of industrial production. New environments appear in new territories and result from association of factors of production: finance, work and raw materials in the production organization. Six key characteristics of the European approach to development of urban areas are selected - creative economy (smart economy), rational mobility (smart mobility), effective environmental management (smart environment), the educated population (smart people), a healthy lifestyle (smart living), the professional government (smart governance.) The status of «smart cities» is offered to be given to the cities of Russia after assessment on compliance to the accepted indicators of the Geneva Charter, the basic among other estimated indicator of territorial development it is necessary to accept the index of steady satisfaction of inhabitants of this territory. ; Рассматриваются концепции «глобальных городов», развития инновационной среды в территориальном пространстве, проблемы формирования новой среды за счет повышения инновационной активности, тенденции в подходах к инновационному развитию территорий, характеристики для определения развития города. Отмечается современная роль мегаполисов в качестве точек роста, при котором агломерация (присоединение, сосредоточение) представляет собой процесс создания мегаполиса. Структуру агломерации формируют города, поселения, микрорайоны, не имеющие четких физических границ. Исследуется модель стратегического управления городом, основанная на принципах системного подхода, целостности (определение границы и системы управления всей агломерацией), эмерджентности (достижение синергетического эффекта), иерархичности (представление о направленности стратегического анализа), самоорганизации (соответствие законам теории организации). Специфика инновационной среды определяется ее способностью генерировать синергию, добавленную стоимость элементов из их взаимодействия. Инновационная среда рассматривается основным источником создания добавленной стоимости в процессе промышленного производства. Новые среды появляются на новых территориях и возникают в результате объединения факторов производства: финансов, труда и сырья в производственную организацию. Выделяется шесть ключевых характеристик европейского подхода к развитию городских территорий - креативная экономика (smart economy), рациональная мобильность (smart mobility), эффективное природопользование (smart environment), образованное население (smart people), здоровый образ жизни (smart living), профессиональное правительство (smart governance.) Предлагается статус «умных городов» присваивать городам России после оценки на соответствие принятым показателям женевской Хартии, основным среди прочих оценочным показателем территориального развития следует принимать индекс устойчивой удовлетворенности жителей данной территории.

The author considers the peculiarities of regulation of urban agglomerations in Russia. The opinions of a number of experts on the relevant issues are presented and commented on, the author's approaches to their solution taking into account global trends in urban development are proposed.

This paper presents an analysis of the perceptions of public spaces by megalopolis' residents. The research aim was to reveal the degree and criteria of urban public spaces' attractiveness (shopping and entertainment centers and park zones), as well as to identify demographic and socio-economic determinants of residents' preferences. Based on the results of a survey of Yekaterinburg residents (N= 3570), the authors draw up the attractiveness rating of the objects on the city map where the positions are justified in terms of basic characteristics of focal public spaces (accessibility, multifunctionality, "service" equipment, etc.) and propose a typology of public spaces' consumers according to a variety of objects needed for multiple public activities. The authors reveal explicit disparities in the practices of public spaces' use. Choices of shopping and entertainment centers depend on respondent's age and wealth status. Choices of recreation facilities depend on respondent's occupation, education level, wealth status, whether respondents have pre-school or school-age children. The more active users of one type of urban public spaces tend to use the other one more frequently. The practical significance of the obtained results is connected with the possibility to use them for the improvement of certain objects and for municipal strategic planning and development in general. © 2018 Russian Public Opinion Research Center, VCIOM. All rights reserved. ; Keywords: urban public spaces, meg alopolis, urban residents, index of attractiveness, urban development, urbanistics Acknowledgments. he study was part of the research project "Formation of the concept of prospective development of community areas of the municipal settlement "the city of Yekaterinburg" until 2035 (municipal contract № 15/2016-2 dated November 17th, 2016). The work was supported by the regulation no. 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, contract no. 02.A03.21.0006.

The author studies the problems of socio-economic development of municipalities included in the conditional boundaries of urban agglomerations. When developing the foundations of the state policy of the Russian Federation for the development of local self-government, these issues come to the fore. Their solution is the key to the successful achievement of the goals of national projects and strategic objectives of the spatial development of Russia. The article considers models of management of urban agglomerations, generalizes regional experience on the use of mechanisms of socio-economic development of municipalities within agglomerations, identifies tools that contribute to the integrated development of agglomerations and obstacles that prevent it, substantiates the need to improve federal regulation of the formation and development of agglomerations, preferably in the form of a federal law. ; Исследованы проблемы социально-экономического развития муниципальных образований, входящих в условные границы городских агломераций. При разработке основ государственной политики Российской Федерации по развитию местного самоуправления эти вопросы выходят на первый план. Их решение - залог успешного достижения целей национальных проектов и стратегических задач пространственного развития России. В статье рассмотрены модели управления городскими агломерациями, обобщен региональный опыт по использованию механизмов социально-экономического развития муниципальных образований в рамках агломераций, выявлены инструменты, способствующие комплексному развитию агломераций, и препятствующие ему преграды, обоснована необходимость совершенствования федерального регулирования формирования и развития агломераций, предпочтительно в форме федерального закона.

On the basis of the identified critical insufficiency of a widespread extrapolation approach to the development strategy of the Russian city we synthesize a stepwise process of long-term economic development of the city through changing technological bases, represented as a chain of successive steps of the main strategic decision makers. The resulting trajectory of economic development of the city is presented in the form of regular replacement of long-term waves of radical innovations through restructuring crises. The proposed integrated strategic approach, synthesizing macro- and microeconomic evolutional approaches deriving from the fields of business, finance, management, strategy, municipal and state regulation can help all the participants of the transition process to innovative path of development, which adds to the leading role of a city in the context of globalization.

The article was prepared on the basis of an international comparative study – a sociological survey of students from regional universities from 37 cities in the Sverdlovsk region of the Russian Federation and 20 settlements of the Shirak region in the Republic of Armenia (targeted sample, No. = 715). The authors explore the potential for social participation of students from countries with a common political background of post-socialism and cardinal differences in the cultural and historical heritage of urban spaces.The purpose of this article is to determine the potential for social participation of students of regional universities in Russia and Armenia and the subjective factors that determine their activity in the development of cities. The article analyzes the experience of volunteering, as well as the willingness of students to different types of constructive social participation in urban development. To identify factors that activate the social participation of students, a discriminant analysis has been used. Discriminant models were constructed dividing groups of students from different countries with a high and low degree of readiness for social participation, as well as into groups with and without volunteering experience. The authors argue that Russia and Armenia are characterized by an identical structure of student involvement in volunteer activities, but the level of students' readiness for social participation in urban development in the countries under consideration is different. For Armenian students, not only the willingness for social participation is higher, but also the practices themselves are more associated with active socio-cultural activities in the urban space. Two factors that determine the experience of real participation in the socio-cultural development of cities are characteristic of both Russian and Armenian students. The real experience of volunteering is more likely to be acquired by those students who are motivated to receive information about the culture and history of their ...

The paper offers a comprehensive approach to analyzing the processes of environmentally sustainable development (ESD) and green economy (GE) through the prism of interaction between business, the state and the society. The authors grouped twelve factors of ESD and GE in Russia into four categories: those that relate more to the society (formation of an eco-friendly lifestyle, development of eco-activism, popularization of eco-volunteerism), the state ( need for modernization of economy, participation in international cooperation in the field of sustainable development, implementation of state projects of international importance, achievement of environmental sustainability in urban development) and business (development of environmental regulation of business, emergence of green business opportunities, proliferation of sustainable norms and standards of doing business), as well as background factors ( use of new technologies that promote ESD and GE, and actualization of environmental problems). The approach presented allows us to systemically evaluate the processes of ESD and GE and can be applied both for theoretical studies and for achieving practical results.

The article deals with the issues of urban settlements and urban lifestyle from the point of view of structural changes under the influence of transformational processes in the development of productive forces, tools and means of production. The author notes the historical nature of this process associated with the geographical environment, resources and migration flows under the influence of the development of capitalist relations. Some peculiarities of lifestyle in Baku as a city with an ancient history, with a number of characteristic features of a distinctive way of life, combining the traditions of several generations and different civilizations, are analyzed.

In the current economic situation, both in the Russian Federation and in the developed countries of the world, the education system is increasingly becoming a factor in successful economic and spatial development.

Purpose of the study. The study focuses on issues of the level assessment of transport system development of large cities. Despite the wide variety of studies on this issue, there is currently no universal approach to assessing the level of development of the transport system at megalopolises. The present study aims to create a tool for a comprehensive assessment of various aspects of urban transport development that are important for all categories of transport users, and to provide a comparative analysis of the world's leading megacities in terms of transport development based on the proposed methodology.Materials and methods. In the study, the authors apply an approach related to the construction of integral indexes and ratings of cities based on the values of these indexes. In the calculations of the index, the authors use statistical data from authoritative open sources and information systems of national and municipal government. Results. Based on the results of the world practice analysis, the authors propose the Urban Transport Development Index developed in order to compare the level of transport system development in various cities. The Index provides an opportunity to identify the weaknesses and strengths of cities, to find reserves for the further improvement and development of recommendations in the field of transport policy on this basis. The Index consists of four sub-indexes: the availability of transport services for the urban population, the quality of transport services, road traffic security and the ecological impact of transport, and freight logistics performance. The Index reflects the main aspects of urban transport development and shows the views of different categories of population on the level of transport services. The paper examines the level of transport system development for 2010, 2015, 2016 and 2017 of a group of comparable cities, which includes Hong Kong, London, Mexico, Moscow, New York, St. Petersburg, Singapore, Istanbul, Tokyo and Shanghai. The results showed that Tokyo and London have occupied the leading positions during the period under review. For the seven years Moscow, St. Petersburg and Shanghai have showed the best dynamics of the Index.Conclusion. The proposed method allows both to evaluate the effectiveness of individual regulatory measures known in the practice of other cities, and to simulate their impact on the transport system of the city. The paper concludes with recommendations for further development of cities' transport systems. ; Цель исследования. Статья посвящена вопросам оценки уровня развития транспортного комплекса крупных городов. Несмотря на широкое разнообразие исследований по этой проблеме, в настоящее время отсутствует универсальный подход к оценке уровня развития транспортного комплекса на уровне мегаполисов. В представленном исследовании поставлена цель – разработать инструмент, позволяющий комплексно оценить различные аспекты развития городского транспорта, значимые для всех категорий его пользователей, а также провести сравнительный анализ ведущих мегаполисов мира по уровню транспортного развития на основе предложенной методики.Материалы и методы. В рамках исследования применяется подход, связанный с построением интегральных индексов, а также рейтингованием городов на основе полученных значений. Материалы и расчеты базируются на использовании данных, полученных из авторитетных открытых источников, а также информационных систем государственного и муниципального управления.Результаты. С учетом результатов анализа мировой практики авторами предложен Индекс развития транспортного комплекса, предназначенный для оценки уровня транспортного развития мегаполисов, выявления слабых и сильных сторон их транспортного комплекса, определения оптимальных путей его дальнейшего совершенствования и разработки на этой основе рекомендаций в области транспортной политики. Индекс состоит из четырех субиндексов, отражающих основные направления развития транспортного сектора: качество транспортного обслуживания населения, доступность транспортных услуг для населения, безопасность дорожного движения и воздействие транспорта на окружающую среду, а также эффективность грузовой логистики. Индекс охватывает все наиболее значимые направления транспортного развития города и характеризует развитие транспортного комплекса с позиции разных категорий пользователей его услуг. Индекс рассчитан для группы сопоставимых мегаполисов в следующем составе: Гонконг, Лондон, Мехико, Москва, Нью-Йорк, Санкт-Петербург, Сингапур, Стамбул, Токио и Шанхай. В результате исследования сформирован рейтинг транспортного развития городов за 2010, 2015, 2016 и 2017 годы. Результаты исследования показали, что в рассматриваемый период наиболее развитыми транспортными системами обладали Токио и Лондон. Наилучшую динамику изменения Индекса за последние семь лет продемонстрировали Москва, Санкт-Петербург и Шанхай.Заключение. Предложенная методика исследования позволяет как оценивать степень результативности отдельных регулирующих мер, известных в практике других городов, так и моделировать их влияние на транспортный комплекс города. В заключение приводятся рекомендации по дальнейшему развитию транспортных комплексов городов.