Suchergebnisse

Die Bedeutung von Berufsprestige und sozialen Schichten in zwei
amerikanischen Städten.

Themen: Ökonomische Ideologie; Einstellung zu
Unternehmenskonzentration, Gewerkschaften, Unternehmern, Streik,
Mitbestimmung und zur staatlichen Übernahme von Versorgungsunternehmen;
Selbsteinschätzung der sozialen Schicht und Kriterien für die
Einschätzung von Schichtzugehörigkeit; Freundschaften;
Nachbarschaftskontakte; Zusammengehörigkeitsempfinden und
Klassenbewußtsein; soziale Mobilität; Arbeitszufriedenheit; Bedeutung
beruflicher Aufstiegsmöglichkeiten; Ortsansässigkeit; Mitgliedschaften;
Parteipräferenz.

Skala: soziale Distanz zu ausgewählten Berufen.

Demographie: Alter; Familienstand; Kinderzahl; Konfession;
Schulbildung; Berufsausbildung; Beruf; berufliche Position;
Berufslaufbahn; soziale Herkunft.

Gründe für die geographische Mobilität der amerikanischen
Bevölkerung.

Themen: Informationssuche und Entscheidungsprozeß vor dem Umzug;
Beschreibung der vorherigen Wohnung; generelle Einstellung zum Umzug;
Anzahl und Distanz der bisherigen Umzüge; Nachbarschaft; soziale
Bindungen; Ortsverbundenheit und Zufriedenheit mit der Wohngegend;
Informiertheit über die staatliche Wohnungsbauförderung; Einstellung zum
Hausbesitz; Selbsteinschätzung der sozialen Schicht und vermutete
Schichtzugehörigkeit der Nachbarn; festgestellte Abwanderungen aus der
Nachbarschaft; soziale Herkunft; Mitgliedschaft in Organisationen und
Vereinen; Mietkosten; Einkaufsgewohnheiten.

Demographie: Alter (klassiert); Familienzusammensetzung; Kinderzahl;
Beruf; Berufstätigkeit; Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltszusammensetzung;
soziale Herkunft; Mediennutzung.

Interviewerrating: Kooperationsbereitschaft des Befragten; Anwesenheit
anderer Personen; Beurteilung des Hauses und der Wohnungseinrichtung.

Urban extension involves the application of knowledge b y the university to effect urban change. There are a variety of ways this can be done, including the use of urban agents One of the most important issues to be faced is the problem of values and goals.

When aligned with other services and facilities, transportation helps generate powerful forces for influencing the long-run real-estate market. Working to improve the pro ductivity and livability of urban areas, officials are increasingly looking to metropolitan policy studies for effective action and regulation programs. Thus, beyond immediate considerations of access and congestion, transportation decisions are now ex pected to reflect the impacts of governmental programs on gen eral urban development. The processes through which trans portation decisions are made are themselves being modified in recognition of the broad reverberations of transport policy. With a wider array of persons and governmental units con cerned with these decisions, the criteria applied to the alterna tive possibilities are becoming more comprehensive. Criteria applied depend not merely on personal outlook but also on the scope of responsibilities of the person weighing the alternatives. Two opposite tendencies are at work: a search for a reduction of criteria toward a single optimizing index accounting for all significant costs and benefits implicit in a proposed line of policy and program; conversely, a search better to identify and de scribe all the significant manifold repercussions of alternative proposals as these are viewed by different people.

The traditional city is in the process of trans formation into the metropolis. This new form of human settle ment has been made possible and necessary by increasing pro ductivity and increasing division of labor. It is the result of the interaction of two waves of migration, a long-distance movement from country to city and a more recent short-distance movement from center to periphery. The metropolis is sur rounded by a metropolitan region. The metropolis performs the traditional city function of central leadership plus the tradi tional countryside function of material production. Thus, the majority of the population in developed countries live in metropolitan areas, although each metropolitan populace is dis persed over a large territory containing both urban-developed land and open areas, with places of work and residence sepa rated. Residential areas are segregated according to class or income of their residents; the "good neighborhood" is a fiercely protected status symbol. Manufacturing is moving toward the satellite towns within metropolitan regions, and the me tropolis itself is becoming the center of service industry. These are the characteristics of the metropolis which produce a pattern of land use based on central business, industrial, residential, and open areas. In modifying the natural pattern of the metropolis to make it better, contradictory desiderata will have to be accommodated.

Four major sectors are involved in the economic development of urban communities: (1) the population, or human sector; (2) the export industry sector; (3) the local service sector; (4) the agencies of government which serve the public needs of the area. Each sector develops its own goals and, at the same time, contributes to the fulfillment of the goals of the other sectors. In general, the goals of all four sectors are achieved by raising the real per capita productivity and income of the community. Co-operation among all the sectors, not always easy to achieve, is essential to the process of develop ment. The importance of a community's export industries in shaping its economy is critical. The local service sector depends heavily on the export sector. Local business leaders can play an effective role in developing and encouraging export industries to expand or locate in the community. The govern ment plays a powerful contributory role by helping preserve and improve the attractiveness of the community and the quality of its education and other government services. The human sector contributes skills and effort to all sectors and benefits both materially and in the quality of community life.

AbstractMetropolitan planning needs to be a working partnership of various levels of government.

AbstractLocal leaders urged to take responsibility for finding metropolitan problem solutions.