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Despite the differences in our cultural, economic, and political systems China and Australia are societies sharing rapidly urbanising futures. This presents significant challenges for urban planning, placemaking, and the sustainability of livable, urban communities. Using Chongqing as a case study, metaPLACE is an experimental project investigating how participatory urban media (large and small interactive screens, installations, façades, and devices) can act as a co-designed interface between diverse community, industry, and government stakeholders. The empirical data gathered from a co-design workshop held in Chongqing in 2019 indicates there are a range of opportunities and concerns related to equitable placemaking, the environment, the nature of interfaces and participation, ownership and management of data, large and small screens, and cultural and generational considerations. Our critical and comparative analysis of the research design and cultural factors influencing the co-design process, reveal deficiencies in widely accepted models of user experience design and design process used across industry and design research. This has significant implications for transcultural and interdisciplinary co-design and the establishment of a viable Sino-Australian design ecosystem.

Ming, Sze Chai. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-140). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese, some text in appendix also in Chinese. ; ABSTRACT ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ; TABLE OF CONTENTS ; LIST OF FIGURES ; LIST OF TABLES ; LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ; Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION ; Chapter 1.1 --- Research Background --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Research Questions and Objectives --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Research Significance --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Research Area --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.5 --- Thesis Outline --- p.6 ; Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- URBAN TRANSFORMATION OF CHINA AFTER 1979 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Urban Development before 1978 --- p.7 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Two Fundamental Issues of Urban Transformation in China --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Major Transformation in the Post-Reform China --- p.11 ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- The Emergence of the Market --- p.11 ; Chapter 2.3.2 --- Decentralization --- p.12 ; Chapter 2.3.3 --- Globalization --- p.13 ; Chapter 2.3.4 --- A New Form of Government Behaviour: Growth Coalitions --- p.16 ; Chapter 2.3.5 --- Interaction between Central and Local Government --- p.18 ; Chapter 2.3.6 --- Interaction among Local Governments --- p.21 ; Chapter 2.3.7 --- Changes in the Social-Cultural Environment --- p.22 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Previous Studies on Kunshan --- p.27 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Summary --- p.29 ; Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH DESIGN ; Chapter 3.1 --- Research Objectives --- p.30 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Conceptual Framework: System Approach --- p.32 ; Chapter 3.2.1 --- Components and Operation of a System --- p.34 ; Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Inputs --- p.35 ; Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Processes --- p.38 ; Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Outputs --- p.38 ; Chapter 3.2.1.4 --- Feedback --- p.39 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Research Framework and Design --- p.39 ; Chapter 3.3.1 --- Case Study --- p.40 ; Chapter 3.3.2 --- Documentary and Data Analysis --- p.41 ; Chapter 3.3.3 --- Interviews --- p.41 ; Chapter 3.3.4 --- Fieldwork --- p.43 ...

城市氣候信息對可持續城市規劃十分重要。但是城市氣候在城市規劃上的應用仍然十分有限。都市氣候圖是一種信息和評估工具,它融合了城市氣候信 息和城市規劃要素,利用兩維空間地圖將存在的城市氣候現象和問題展現出來。通過文獻綜述可知都市氣候圖的研究源於1970 年代, 目前大部分相關研究主要針對低密度城市進行。現今隨著城市人口的持續增加和快速城市化發展, 緊湊城市和高密度城市生活將是未來不可避免的趨勢。這就迫切需要開展針對高密度城市的都市氣候圖應用研究,例如香港。 ; 本研究使用的氣象數據來自香港天文台,規劃數據則從香 港政府規劃署獲得。基於前期香港都市氣候分析圖和風信息圖層所獲得的分析 和評估結果,該研究繪製了可應用在分區大綱圖的香港都市氣候規劃建議圖和重點規劃建議,並探討了具體的規劃控制策略,涵蓋樓宇密度(容積率、樓宇高度和基地建築覆蓋率)、 綠化(綠化帶,都市綠洲和開放空間的連接及綠色網格)、樓宇後移、通風廊道(河道、風道和通風廊)、非建築用地,樓宇間距和樓宇通透性。根據香港城市氣候的特點,結合香港分區大綱圖的邊界和 區劃,設立了分區大綱圖的4 個規劃策略類型,劃分了18 個組團,並形成詳細的都市氣候規劃建議圖。每個組團又再細化成若干次區域,並配有詳細的規劃改善建議。香港都市氣候規劃建議圖和18 個組團的詳細都市氣候 規劃建議圖以及相應的規劃建議為香港搭建了一個城市氣候規劃應用框架,有效的引導規劃和發展進程,確保規劃師和決策管理著採用適合的城市氣候評估結果。 ; 本研究發現香港都市氣候規劃建議圖可為城市規劃師和決策管理者在宏觀、區域及策略性的層面上提供有益的城市氣候信息平台。根據相關的氣候規劃建議和策略,便於規劃師和決策管理著選取適宜的規劃手段,進而有針對性地改善城市氣候狀況,特別是針對敏感地區。同時,該研究結果有助於在分區大綱圖的層面上開展規劃 探討及決策。另外該研究方法和所提出的相關規劃建議針對高密度城市 狀況,均可供其他相似城市參考, 特別是珠江三角洲地區。現已有三個城市:高雄、澳門和阿納姆的都市氣候圖研究借鑒並採用了該研究的研究成果。 ; Urban climate is of great importance for the sustainable urban planning. However, urban climatic application has a low impact on urban planning. The Urban Climatic Map (UCMap) is a climatic information and evaluation tool to integrate urban climatic factors and town planning considerations by presenting climatic phenomena and problems on two-dimensional spatial maps. Literature reviews that the UCMap studies have been developed since the 1970s, but most UCMap studies focus on low density cities. Due to increasing urban population and rapid urbanization nowadays, compact living and high density city lives are inevitable trends around the world. This makes it an urgent issue to study how to apply UCMap to high density cities, such as Hong Kong. ; The study used meteorological data from Hong Kong Observatory and planning data from Planning Department of the Government of Hong Kong SAR. Based on the climatic analysis from the Urban Climatic Analysis Map and Wind Information Layer, this study developed an Urban Climatic Recommendation Map (UC-ReMap) and formulated key planning recommendations for Hong Kong, which could then be applied at the level ...

Rural-urban linkages—including physical, economic, social, and political connections—are crucial for ending hunger and malnutrition (SDG 2) sustainably in both rural and urban areas. Rural-urban linkages also support other Sustainable Development Goals. Urban growth increases food demand and spurs dietary changes in urban areas—new demand can create opportunities for rural producers to improve their livelihoods. Broken value chains and poor coordination weaken rural-urban links and hold back progress on food security and nutrition. Investment in rural infrastructure and intermediate towns—quality rural and feeder roads, electricity, storage facilities, communications and information—can build connections and create hubs of economic activity benefiting smallholders and cities. ; PR ; IFPRI1 ; DGO; CPA

Yue Yin. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-106). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.i ; Acknowledgements --- p.iii ; Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter II. --- Literature Review --- p.6 ; The Poor in the Market Transition --- p.6 ; Political Impacts in Collective Era and Beyond --- p.8 ; Cultural Capital´ة Effects on Stratification in Western Countries --- p.13 ; The Analysis on Habitus: Szelenyi's Researches in Eastern Europe --- p.18 ; The Transfer Mechanism of Cultural Capital --- p.22 ; The Poverty Cycle: Lewis's Culture of Poverty --- p.28 ; Chapter III. --- Methodological Design --- p.31 ; Chapter IV. --- Before 1978,the Idol of Collectivism --- p.33 ; Influences from Parents' Generation --- p.36 ; Occlusive Living Circumstance and Personality --- p.40 ; Insensitive to Education --- p.42 ; Satisfaction with the Lives --- p.46 ; Distributed Education Chances and Good Job Positions --- p.49 ; Send Down Recommendation to Colleges --- p.51 ; Big State-Owned Factories and Good Job Positions --- p.57 ; Work In the Factories --- p.60 ; Value Attached to Hard Work --- p.61 ; Lack of Confidence and Impetus --- p.63 ; Ineffectual Intercommunication --- p.66 ; Limited Horizon --- p.70 ; Chapter V. --- After 1978,Under Marketization --- p.75 ; Reformation of Enterprises and Its Effects on My Interviewees --- p.76 ; The Unconsciousness to the Coming of Crisis --- p.77 ; Good Working Ability? --- p.82 ; After Lay-off --- p.85 ; Chapter VI. --- The Next Generation --- p.87 ; Chapter VII. --- Discussion --- p.92 ; Chapter VIII. --- Appendices --- p.98 ; Chapter IX. --- References --- p.100

Lee, Chui Mei. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-185). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract ; 提要 --- p.vi ; Acknowledgement --- p.vii ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Urban Renewal and Heritage Conservation in Hong Kong --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.2 --- The Blue House Complex Revitalization Project --- p.9 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Fieldsite Specification: Why the Blue House Complex in Hong Kong? --- p.14 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Introduction of the Blue House Complex Community-led Conservation Movement --- p.16 ; Chapter Chpater 2 --- Literature Review --- p.18 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Construction of Heritage --- p.19 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Uses of Heritage --- p.21 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Community in Heritage Conservation --- p.26 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Politics in Heritage Conservation --- p.29 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Heritage Conservation in Hong Kong Urban Renewal --- p.36 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- Objectives and Methodology --- p.39 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Objectives --- p.39 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Methodology --- p.40 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Ethical Concerns --- p.48 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Blue House Complex --- p.50 ; Chapter 4.1 --- History of Wan Chai --- p.51 ; Chapter 4.2 --- History of Stone Nullah Lane and the Blue House Complex --- p.53 ; Chapter 4.2.1 --- Stone Nullah Lane --- p.53 ; Chapter 4.2.2 --- History of the Blue House Complex --- p.56 ; Chapter 4.3 --- Architectural Features and Specific Lifestyles in the Blue House Complex --- p.59 ; Chapter 4.4 --- Lifestyle of Current Residents in the Blue House Complex --- p.60 ; Chapter 4.5 --- The Demographics of the Blue House Complex --- p.63 ; Chapter 4.6 --- Economic Structure of the Blue House Complex --- p.66 ; Chapter 4.7 --- Social Structure of the Blue House Complex --- p.70 ; Chapter 4.8 --- Cultural Significance of the Blue House Complex --- p.76 ; Chapter 4.9 --- Various Interpretations of the Blue House Complex --- p.78 ; Chapter 4.9.1 --- Interpretation of the Antiquities Advisory ...

Hu Tianxin. ; "August 2003." ; Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 206-220). ; Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. ; Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. ; Mode of access: World Wide Web. ; Abstracts in English and Chinese.

In the past 30 years, China's economic reforms have forced many state-owned factories (SOEs) to collapse, and both men and women workers were dismissed. In urban Northeast China many laid-off women were able to find employment in the service industry and small-scale private businesses, while their husbands had difficulty finding a satisfactory job. As such, the wives became breadwinners of the families. Based on fieldwork data collected through face-to-face interviews, focus group interviews and participant observation, this study examines resultant spousal relationships in the aspects of family finance, domestic division of labor, power relations, and foundation of marriage, as the husband and wife swapped their economic roles at home. This study finds that when women control more economic capital than men in the nuclear family, domestic division of labor, power relations and affection between couples all tend to be more egalitarian. However, the concept of a male-breadwinner family and the gender segregation of space are still popular on material and social levels. Thus without corresponding changes on the ideological level regarding gender, patriarchy will remain dominant on the community and national levels. Analysis on spousal relationships shows that the economic, political and emotional aspects of marriage are interconnected and interactive, and they work together to decide how spousal relationships may be altered in times of rapid social transformation. In the era of market economy, family and marriage values are diversified, and marriage tends to be less stable. However, this study finds that the integrity of family and marriage has been kept in the laid-off workers' families even when spousal relationships face serious challenges caused by unemployment. The reason is that these laid-off workers have formed their gender identities during the socialist era which emphasized the integrity of family and marriage. In the market era, laid off workers have maintained these values and upheld the integrity of ...

在過去的十年中,香港出現了大量呼籲保存「本地社區」的社會網絡和文化的社會運動。這些社會運動交織著對政府推行的市區重建項目和政府文物保育政策的批評。這些批評指出政府的政策過度重視經濟發展,進一步加深社會矛盾和弱勢群體的邊緣化。 ; 本論文中的社區博物館正是在香港資本主義的城市發展模式下催生而成。為了反對有關城市發展的官方話語和將自己的利益最大化,社區博物館中的各利益持份者,根據他們對當地的歷史和文化的解釋,各自建構他們關於「社區和地方文化」的話語。這些多元的「社區」話語在這個社區博物館的構成,揭示了來自不同社會背景的團體之間的角力。本論文指出該社區博物館的建立和運作,促使分屬各社會階層的團體進行政治協商。他們各自的主張在社區博物館中交流,結果提出了有別於官方著眼經濟的「發展」模式,改以「社區」作本土文化的另一「發展」模式。這過程展示了不同社會階層間的權力流動,以及他們為加強自身的社會的政治影響力和爭奪經濟資源而展開的競爭。 ; In the past decade, numerous social movements have emerged in Hong Kong calling for the preservation of social networks and "cultures" of the "local community". These social movements have been interwoven with local critiques of the urban renewal projects and heritage conservation policies implemented by the government. The critiques point out that the government policies overweigh economic development and further increase social disparity and marginalization of disadvantaged groups. The community museum in this study was established in a capitalistic model of urban development in Hong Kong. Various stakeholders construct their own discourses of "community and local culture" in the community museum in order to oppose official discourses about urban development and maximize their own interests. Thus the making of the "community and local culture" in this community museum reveals a negotiation among the parties of different social background. ; This research argues that the establishment and operation of the community museum enable groups from different social segments to negotiate and construct their own discourses based on their interpretations of local history and culture. This research also showcases both the power dynamics of different social classes and their competition for their own socio-political influences and economic resources through proposing an alternative model of urban development. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Tsang, Ching Yi. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. ; Includes bibliographical references ...

Mui Cheuk Chi. ; "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2006-2007, design report." ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-87). ; Text in English with some Chinese. ; Cover --- p.1 ; Acknowledgements --- p.2 ; University Policy on Plagiarism --- p.3 ; Content --- p.4 ; Contributor Information --- p.5 ; Definitions --- p.6 ; Prologue --- p.7 ; A Brief Timeline on Pedestrianisation --- p.8 ; Local Government Planning Strategies --- p.23 ; Study Models --- p.24 ; Different Properties of Pedestrian Domains --- p.27 ; Architectural elements forming Communal spaces for Pedestrians --- p.28 ; Interface with existing buildings when an elevated walkway is connected --- p.32 ; Multi-Level Circulations: Interface of changing levels --- p.34 ; Reduce conflicts between pedestrian and vehicles by Separation of pedestrian movement and vehicular traffic --- p.35 ; Reduce noise & pollutants of roads from Pedestrians --- p.36 ; Conceptual Ideas --- p.38 ; Sai Yeung Choi Street & Tung Choi Street (Ladies' Market) --- p.39 ; Argyle Street --- p.40 ; Overseas Examples: Bus-only Street @ Nicollet Mall & Minneapolis Skyway System --- p.42 ; "Overseas Examples: Waterfront @ Circular Quay, Sydney" --- p.44 ; "Overseas Examples: Underground Corridors @ Eaton Centre, Toronto" --- p.46 ; Site Plan (1:2000) --- p.48 ; Existing Site Isometric Drawing --- p.49 ; Existing Situations: Pedestrians Movement Crossing Argyle Street --- p.50 ; Scheme 0 / Scheme 1 / Scheme 2 / Scheme 3 / Scheme 4 --- p.52 ; Proposed Vehicular Circulation --- p.57 ; Terrace Level Plan (1:500) --- p.58 ; Ground Level Plan (1:500) --- p.60 ; Basement Level 1 Plan (1:500) --- p.62 ; Basement Level 2 Plan (1:500) --- p.64 ; Basement Level 3 Plan (1:500) --- p.66 ; Block Plan (1:1500) --- p.67 ; Section A (1:200) --- p.68 ; Section B (1:200) --- p.73 ; Proposed Design Isometric Drawing --- p.78 ; Epilogue --- p.84 ; Online Resources & Reference List --- p.86

Tam, Kin Lun. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Chapter CHAPTER I: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Evaluation of Previous Scholarship --- p.6 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Methodology and Sources --- p.8 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Selection of the Period of Study and Structure of the Research --- p.11 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Town Planning in Hong Kong: A Brief History --- p.15 ; Chapter ´Ø --- The Garden City Concept --- p.23 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Practice of New Town Design in Britain --- p.28 ; Chapter ´Ø --- British Influence in Hong Kong --- p.35 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Summary --- p.40 ; Chapter CHAPTER II: --- "GOVERNING COLONIAL HONG KONG, NEW TOWN DEVELOPMENT AND THE FOUNDATION OF TIN SHUI WAI BEFORE 1982" --- p.53 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Political and Housing Pressure in the Immediate Postwar Era --- p.54 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Steps towards a New Horizon: The Trend towards New Towns (1964-1972) --- p.59 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Shift of Colonial Governance --- p.67 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Beginning of Early Hong Kong's New Towns (1972-1982) --- p.72 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Foundation of Tin Shui Wai --- p.80 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Summary --- p.90 ; Chapter CHAPTER III: --- "EARLY STAGE OF TIN SHUI WAI'S URBAN TRANSFORMATION, CIRCA 1979- 1997" --- p.115 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Rise of the Tin Shui Wai Development Idea --- p.116 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Fall of Mightycity's Heavenly Hopes --- p.120 ; Chapter ´Ø --- The Defective 1982 Agreement --- p.130 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Planning the Town: The 1983 Master Development Plan and Its Appraisal --- p.135 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Implementation of the 1983 MDP and Tin Shui Wai Urban Development --- p.149 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Summary --- p.161 ; Chapter CHAPTER IV: --- "WATERSHED FOR THE GROWTH OF TIN SHUI WAI'S NEWTOWN, 1997-2009" --- p.180 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Early Political Ambitions to Expand the Tin Shui Wai Development --- p.181 ; Chapter ´Ø --- Planning the Tin Shui Wai Reserve Zone --- p.185 ; Chapter ´Ø --- An Assessment of the 1995 Town Plan --- p.193 ...

China's hyper-speed modernisation process generates complex problems demanding new approaches to designing equitable, integrated, liveable, urban and rural places. The Chinese hinterland city of Chongqing's vast urban and rural area provides rich opportunities for investigating how art and design can help address related liveability and place-making challenges. This research aims to use Sino-Australian co-design to test how participatory urban media (large and small interactive screens, installations, façades, and devices) can act as a dialogic interface between diverse community, industry, and government stakeholders to increase our capacity to manage regional urban place-making problems. Our paper presents three empirical perspectives critically reflecting on a two-day co-design workshop conducted in Chongqing during December 2019 prior to the COVID19 pandemic. Informed by our own observations, and insights contributed by participating urban planners, architects, artists, designers, local government, academics, and students, we take a multi-vocal approach to evaluating the workshop methods, outcomes, and interactions. The unfolding narrative illustrates how transcultural and interdisciplinary co-design processes are entangled in language, local knowledge and traditions, socio-cultural hierarchies, different disciplinary fields and levels of professional status, as well as assumed Western design histories and local understandings of the role of art and design in relation to society. We argue these factors also influence the presentation of knowledge in academic writing about design. This highlights the urgent need for pluriversal modes of co-design, research through design, and scholarship about design which can inclusively impact and respond to the diverse needs of the new international situation and our shared urban futures.

貧窮既是一種客觀況,又是一種主觀心感受。既有的研究很少關注老年人自身關於貧窮的經驗,特別是缺乏華人社會背景下貧窮老人主觀經驗的研究。本研究試圖從個體的層面考察貧窮對於中國城市老人多重面向的負面影響,以及他們如何回應這些負面影響,在此基礎上為改善與貧窮老人有關的社會政策提出適切的建議。 ; 基於這一研究目的,本研究從批判老年學和抗逆力的理論視角出發,採取建構主義範式和生命故事的研究取向,以中國北京的城市貧窮老人為例,選取17位城市貧窮老人為研究物件,深入研究中國城市貧窮老人的各種壓力,以及抗逆力的內外保護性因素回應這些壓力的機制及其所起到的作用。 ; 研究發現,中國城市貧窮老人面臨經濟壓力、疾病與老化的壓力、逆反哺與照顧配偶的壓力,以及貧窮恥感的壓力。貧窮在城市老人的主觀經驗裡意味著多重壓力的相迭,這從主觀經驗的角度揭示了中國城市貧窮老人的多重弱勢。 ; 作為抗逆力外在保護性因素的社會支持,它的實現機制因其類型的不同而相異。代際支持對提升抗逆力的作用受到代際團結和代際張力的共同影響;其他非正式支持對提升抗逆力的作用受到互惠關係的影響;社會政策的支持對提升抗逆力的作用受到人情倫理的雙重性和代群差異的影響。這些機制共同決定了貧窮老人的非正式支援日趨弱化,而社會政策和專業服務提供的正式支援有待加強。 ; 作為貧窮老人抗逆力的內在保護性因素,工具性策略由獨立性的要求所驅動,意義創造遵循追尋自我價值和重構貧窮經驗這兩條路徑。意義創造在貧窮老人的內在保護性因素中發揮著更為根本性的作用。內外保護性因素的比較有助於我們識別城市貧窮老人中更脆弱的次群體。 ; 基於這一研究發現,本研究在原有研究框架的基礎上,補充了貧窮老人的多重壓力和保護性因素的實現機制,擴展了貧窮老人抗逆力研究的研究框架。文章的最後提出了社會政策的具體建議。 ; Poverty is both an objective condition and a kind of subjective psychological feeling. However, existing studies pay little attention to older people's own experience of poverty, especially lacking of studies on subjective experience of the aged poor in the Chinese context. This research attempts to explore from the individual level, the multi-dimensional negative effects of poverty on the aged poor in urban China and how they respond to these impacts. On this basis, appropriate social policies were proposed to improve the living conditions of the aged poor. ; Taking the constructivist position and life story approach, this study was conducted from the perspectives of resilience theory and critical gerontology and used the urban aged poor in Beijing, China as an example. Seventeen urban aged poor were selected as the sample for in-depth interview and their multiple stresses, and the mechanisms of internal and external protective factors of resilience in response to their stresses and their functions were investigated. ; Research findings show that China's urban aged poor suffer stresses from economic pressure, diseases and aging, taking care of their spouses, inverse nurturing, and shamefulness of poverty. Poverty means a combination of multiple stresses in ...

The spatial planning of land use is the process of allocating different uses or activities to specific areas in a region and is the core content of land use planning systems. Land use planning is increasingly becoming complex because of the multifaceted problems it faces, such as guaranteeing economic growth, maintaining social equity, and preserving the environment. These objectives present conflicting demands from various land use groups and interest groups. The increased inclusion of objectives leads to different demands on the expected results. Moreover, the increased complexity of land use planning problems is influenced by the involvement and definition of multiple objectives. These objectives may be unstructured, nonlinear, and difficult to handle. Within this context, computer-based techniques have been developed to assist planners in decision making. Among all of the techniques, multi-objective optimization (MOO) approaches are the most well-known techniques in addressing multi-objective problems in land use planning. MOO approaches have successfully accomplished significant achievements. However, literature shows that some spatially-related environmental objectives, such as carbon emission, non-point source pollution, and soil erosion, are missing because of the difficulty in evaluating, analyzing, and measuring such complex land use objectives. ; The land use planning process in China is divided into a series of land use plans at different levels. Among these plans, the municipal overall land use plan and the urban master plan are involved in managing the land use resources in a city. The municipal overall land use plan administers the urban and non-urban areas in an administrative scope, whereas the urban master plan focuses only on the development of urban areas. These two types of land use plans are conducted by two different government departments. These plans are usually inconsistent, particularly in terms of space. ; Considering the spatial inconsistency between the municipal overall land use ...

Shi, Xiaoxin. ; "August 2010." ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-169). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract (English) --- p.iv ; Abstract (Chinese) --- p.iiiv ; Acknowledements --- p.iv ; List of Tables --- p.ix ; List of Figures --- p.x ; Abbreviations --- p.xii ; "Terms in English, Chinese, and Chinese pinyin" --- p.xi ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- SEA and its practice in China --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Research objectives --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Research questions --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Significance of this research --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.5 --- Structure of the thesis --- p.6 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- SEA and Its Chinese Context --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.2 --- The definition of SEA --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.3 --- The two schools of SEA theory --- p.12 ; Chapter 2.3.1 --- EIA-based SEA --- p.12 ; Chapter 2.3.2 --- Policy-oriented SEA --- p.112 ; Chapter 2.4 --- SEA in the Chinese context --- p.15 ; Chapter 2.4.1 --- Institutional context: administrative structure and governmental organs --- p.15 ; Chapter 2.4.2 --- "Planning system context: urban SEPs, basic classification, and attributes" --- p.21 ; Chapter 2.4.3 --- Historical context: from EIA to SEA --- p.25 ; Chapter 2.4.4 --- "Regulatory context: a ""grey area"" for urban SEPs" --- p.28 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Summary --- p.30 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- Research Methodology and Design --- p.31 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.31 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Inquiry process as a social practice --- p.31 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Framing the research --- p.33 ; Chapter 3.3.1 --- "Starting from the tangible top of an ""iceberg""" --- p.33 ; Chapter 3.3.2 --- Establishing criteria for evaluation --- p.35 ; Chapter 3.3.3 --- Research Framework --- p.36 ; Chapter 3.4 --- Literature review: summarizing key elements of good SEAs of urban SEPs --- p.37 ; Chapter 3.5 --- Research instruments --- p.39 ; Chapter 3.5.1 --- Literature review --- ...