Suchergebnisse

Sojina melasa nusproizvod je proizvodnje proteinskih koncentrata iz sojine sačme, koja uglavnom sadržava šećere, i to saharozu kao glavni sastojak. U Brazilu se sojina melasa koristi za ishranu stoke ili se odbacuje, iako se u nekim industrijama koristi za proizvodnju etanola. Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je procijeniti parametre neophodne za dobivanje octene kiseline iz sojine melase te okarakterizirati proizvedeni ocat. Za određivanje najpovoljnijih parametara octenog vrenja, alkoholnim vrenjem sojine melase je tijekom osam faza proizvodnje dobiven ocat, i to u pet faza adaptacije i tri faze proizvodnje. Prosječna kiselost proizvoda bila je 50,60 g/L, prinos octene kiseline 65,01 %, ukupni prinos octene kiseline u podlozi 92,76 % i iskorištenje 0,033 g/(L·h). Ocat dobiven iz sojine melase imao je kiselost od 5,07 % (m/V), rezidualni udjel etanola 0,17 % (m/V), šećera 7,89 % (m/V), suhog ekstrakta 14,67 % (m/V), pepela 2,27 % (m/V) i gustoću od 1,023 g/cm3. Udjeli ukupnih fenola i izoflavona smanjili su se nakon alkoholnog i octenog vrenja. Nadalje, u proizvodu su bila pristuna samo tri oblika izoflavona: daidzein, glicitin i genistin. Iz dobivenih rezultata zaključeno je da se iz svake tone sojine melase može proizvesti 3460 L octa, s koncentracijom octene kiseline od 40 g/L, koja je prema propisima u Brazilu minimalni preduvjet za stavljanje octa u promet. Ovo istraživanje potvrđuje da je sojina melasa sirovina koja se može uspješno koristiti u proizvodnji octa. ; Soybean molasses is a by-product from the production of protein concentrate from soybean meal that predominantly contains sugars, with sucrose as the major component. In Brazil, soybean molasses is used for animal feed or it is discarded, although some industries use it to produce ethanol. This study aims to evaluate the parameters required for the acetic acid fermentation of soybean molasses, and characterise the resultant vinegar. To study the most suitable parameters for the acetic acid fermentation, vinegar was produced from the alcoholic fermentation of soybean molasses through eight fermentation cycles: five for adaptation and three for production. The average acidity of the acetic acid fermentation product was 50.60 g/L, with an acetic acid fermentation yield, total yield of acetic acid in broth and productivity 65.01 %, 92.76 % and 0.033 g/(L·h), respectively. The vinegar produced from soybean molasses had an acidity of 5.07 % (m/V), residual ethanol content 0.17 % (m/V), sugars 7.86 % (m/V), dry extract 14.67 % (m/V), ash 2.27 % (m/V) and a density of 1.023 g/cm3. The contents of total phenolics and isoflavone decreased after the alcohol and acetic acid fermentations. Moreover, the isoflavone profile of the fermented product comprised only three forms: daidzein, glycitin and genistin. According to our results, 3460 L of vinegar can be produced for every tonne of soy molasses, with an acetic acid concentration of 40 g/L, the minimum required by the legislation on vinegar production. Thus, these findings demonstrate that soy molasses represents a useful raw material for the production of vinegar.

Top 76,2 mm M1942 (ZisS-3) se zbog svojih odlika smatra jednim od najboljih topova Drugog svjetskog rata, no njegova je proizvodnja prestala po završetku ratnih operacija. U radu je dan sažeti povijesni prikaz razvoja ovog srednje teškog topa. Razmatrani je top po završetku rata Sovjetski Savez izvozio u druge zemlje, najvećim dijelom u savezničke komunističke države, pa tako onda i u Jugoslaviju. Top M1942 (ZiS-3) je, zbog svojih dobrih karakteristika, i danas u upotrebi u nekim manje razvijenim dijelovima svijeta. U radu je najvećim dijelom opisan postupak restauriranja i konzerviranja jednog primjerka topa ovog tipa koji je danas u vlasništvu grada Karlovca, odnosno tamošnjeg muzeja. Analiza konkretnog topa je pokazala da je proizveden 1945. te da je u Jugoslavensku narodnu armiju najvjerojatnije stigao između 1945. i sredine 1948. kada su Rezolucijom Informbiroa prekinuti odnosi između Jugoslavije i Sovjetskog Saveza, kao i sovjetska vojna pomoć Jugoslaviji. U vrijeme Domovinskog rata top je prešao u ruke Hrvatske vojske. ; The M1942, better known as ZiS-3, is a multifunctional medium caliber field gun used for infantry support on flat terrain, as well as against tanks and armored vehicles. The German Reich advocated the production of big caliber guns, which prompted the Marshal of the Soviet Union G. I. Kulik to order a cessation of the production of small and medium caliber guns. The work on the gun, which was secretly constructed by engineer V. G. Grabin in Gorki and later known as the 76,2 mm divisional field gun M1942 (ZiS-3), began in 1940. Soon after the German attack on the Soviet Union, the Soviet military command realized that small and medium caliber guns were needed in battles after all, which prompted the production of the aforementioned gun despite certain problems caused by the fact that the gun in question was never officially developed. Its official production began in 1942 and lasted until the end of the World War II. After the war, the Soviet Union exported this gun to other countries, mostly to allied communist countries, including Yugoslavia. It is still in use in some less developed parts of the world due to its characteristics. Less qualified personnel were able to work on the production and gunners quickly passed training on the operation of the gun due to the simplicity of its construction.

Neposredno nakon Drugoga svjetskoga rata tiskani su priručnici za škole koji se od prijašnjih razlikuju implementacijom političkih ideologema kojima je cilj kroz nastavni proces ideološki indoktrinirati učenike. Usporedba prvoga poslijeratnoga izdanja Boranićeva pravopisa iz FNRJ (1947.) s izdanjem iz 1940. i analiza novonapisanih gramatičkih priručnika iz 1947. i 1948. (Brabec–Hraste–Živkovićeva Gramatika hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika za III. razred gimnazije. Tvorba riječi, sintaksa i narječja iz 1947. i Frol–Brabecov Naš jezik. Gramatika i pravopis za V. razred sedmogodišnje škole i I. razred gimnazije iz 1948.) pokazuje da to vrijedi i za pravopise i gramatičke priručnike napisane za škole. ; Teacher's handbooks printed immediately after World War II, differed from the previous ones by introducing political ideologemes aimed at political in- doctrination of the students. The first post-war issue of Boranić's Gramatika (Grammar), published in Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia in 1947, is compared to the 1940 issue and newly written 1947 and 1948 grammar handbooks are analyzed Croatian or Serbian Language Grammar Textbo- ok for Grammar School, Grades III (Gramatika hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika za III. razred gimnazije, Brabec, Hraste & Živković; Word forming, Syntax and Dialects Tvorba riječi, sintaksa i narječja, 1947; Our Langu- age: Grammar and Ortography Textbook for Elementary School, Grades VII and Grammar School, Grades I Naš jezik. Gramatika i pravopis za V. razred sedmogodišnje škole i I. razred gimnazije, Frol & Brabec, 1948) and it is evident that the statement is also valid for grammar and orthography textbooks written for schools.

INFRAREDESIGN se bazira na ideji spajanja grafika bojanjem sa dvije skupine bojila jednakog tona boje: V bojila i Z bojila. Uvodi se pojam blizanaca: jednake boje u vizualnom spektru u sustavu doživljaja RGB-a (crvena, zelena, plava). Blizanci bojila različito apsorbiraju infracrvenu valnu duljinu svjetlosti. Kreiraju se bojila blizanaca koja se razlikuju tek po vrijednosti apsorpcije u bliskom infracrvenom dijelu spektra, odnosno NIR svjetla na 1000 nm. Simulacijom boja iz prirode na kamuflažnu vojnu odjeću postignut je cilj: uklapanje vojnika u prirodnu osnovu koja ga okružuje u dva spektralna područja, vidljivom i infracrvenom. Infracrveno Z bojilo nosi skrivenu informaciju koja se otkriva u programiranim uvjetima. Postupak INFRAREDESIGN tehnologije omogućuje vojniku da prikriveno djeluje na bojnom polju i neopaženo izvrši zadanu misiju. IRD Informacija je nevidljiva, zaštićena od naših očiju. Z - IR kamera ima dvostruku zadaću: otkriti i pročitati informaciju. ; INFRAREDESIGN is based on the idea of merging graphics of two colour groups with the same color tone; the dyes V (visual) and dyes Z (near infrared). The concept of twins is introduced through the same color in the visual spectrum in the system of filling the RGB color (red, green, blue). The twin dyes absorb a wavelength of infrared light differently. The twin dyes differ only by the value of the absorption of the NIR light at 1000nm. By simulating nature colors to camouflage military clothes, the goal is successfully reached; the integration of soldiers into a natural environment, which is surrounded by two spectral regions: visual and infrared. The infrared dye carries hidden information that is revealed under planned conditions. The procedure of INFRAREDESIGN technology allows a soldier to covert acts on the battlefield and perform a given mission undetected. The IRD Information is invisible to the naked eye. The Z - IR camera has a double purpose: to discover a hidden picture and make it possible to read the information.

The author describes the evolution of philosophical foundations of the mechanical & the organic principle, from Spencer to Whitehead as well as Durkheim's first application of these principles (mechanical & organic solidarity) & their sociological extensions as a form of sociability (L. v. Wiese, Gurvitch). The author gives a detailed review of the application of the mechanical & the organic as a structure of organization in the science of management (Burns, Stalker, & later theoreticians). The mechanical & the organic principles identify the structure of being, society, & organizations from the point of view of the capacities of individuals & their involuntary or voluntary ties. The mechanical & the organic are also the poles between which the structure of an organization varies depending on strategy, size, technology, & environment. 15 References. Adapted from the source document.

Suradnja kemičara, liječnika i urologa s Instituta Ruđer Bošković Zagreb, Instituta za medicinska istraživanja i medicinu rada Zagreb te Kliničke bolnice Osijek (danas Kliničkoga bolničkoga centra Osijek) započela je prije više od tridesetak godina na projektima povezanim s nastankom urolitijaze. Sama istraživanja pridonijela su novim spoznajama o različitim faktorima važnim za nastajanje kamenaca, dijagnosticiranje i liječenje urolitijaze. Više radova objavljeno je u znanstveno-stručnom časopisu Medicinski vjesnik (1984. i 1985.) te u knjizi Urolitijaza (1989.). U radu V. Babić-Ivančić i sur., objavljenom u Medicinskom vjesniku 2004. godine, danje detaljan pregled bazičnih, primijenjenih i kliničkih istraživanja do 2004. godine na zajedničkim projektima financiranim iz Hrvatske (MZOŠ) i na međunarodnim projektima (EZ, USA, TEMPUS) provedenim u trima suradnim ustanovama čiji su rezultati objavljeni u znanstvenim časopisima i/ili prezentirani na znanstvenim skupovima u zemlji i inozemstvu. U ovome radu dat će se osvrt na rezultate istraživanja, te suradnju u vremenskom razdoblju od 2004. godine do danas (2010.). Iz ranijih istraživanja te istraživanja u zadnjih šest godina dat će se viđenje o istraživanjima te problematike u budućnosti. ; Collaboration between chemists, physicians and urologists from the Ruđer Bošković Institute, the Institute for Medical Research and the Occupational Health and Clinical Hospital Osijek, has started more than 30 years ago through the projects in the filed of urolithiasis. Those investigations have contributed to new understandings of risk factors for kidney stones formation and also for diagnostic and therapy of urolithiasis. Several articles have been published in the journal "Medicinski vjesnik (1984 and 1985) and in the book "Urolitijaza (1989.). The article published in 2004 (Babić-Ivančić V, et al; Medicinski vjesnik presented the review of basic and clinical investigations which results have been published in scientific journals or presented at the scientific conferences til 2004 and financed by the Croatian Ministry of Science, European Union, USA or TEMPUS. This article presents the results of investigations from 2004 until today and also gives a vision about future scope in this issue.

The successive stages of development of constitutional democracy in the USA, in particular the experience of "judicial supervision paradox," show us that the U.S. Supreme Court performed at least two different functions: (1) norm enforcement, & (2) policy-making through re-examination & interpretation of the Constitution & the laws in cases brought before the Court. Dissent among American legal experts related to this & other matters prove that debates on judicial activism are not a thing of the past. Still, both advocates & critics of judicial activism share the view that judges have been an important part of the American constitutional process since its inception. The Marbury v. Madison case (1803) affirmed the institution of judicial supervision & denoted a gradual shift of judicial power into the field of public law. Thus further expansion & transformation of judicial power was made possible. In this article, the author establishes a connection between judicial activism & judicial supervision, & adheres to the standpoint that the "judicializing aspect of modern liberalism" deserves as much attention as any other aspect of democratization. Adapted from the source document.

The Šibenik idiom abounds in italianisms from Venetian dialect and, less so, in the words of Turkish origin. This paper gives list of Turkish words in the present Šibenik idiom, of the surnames of Turkish origin and a small number of toponyms. This materijal shows the image of the present state of an ex-border territory of the Šibenik region, after five centuries. The region and surroundings of Šibenik are full of contrasts: natives and immigrants from the coast and from behind the mountains (zagorci), štokavian and chakavian speakers. The speech of the islanders is rich in Venetian words, while in that of the z a g o r c i the words of Turkish origin prevail. As the result sometimes even three words denote one and the same thing, e.g. for the market-place: p a z a r, p i j a c a, t r ž n i c a, or two words: for dowry: d o t a and m i r a z, for pillow: k u š i n and j a s t u k, for pocket: š k a r š e l a and ž e p. Along with the great number of words of Turkish origin quite a lot of surnames, preserved until today, are of the same formation. Some of them are quite common, developed from various professions: B u n a r d ž i j a (wel-sinker), Č o b a n o v shepherd's, k a l a u z (from the Turkish military terminology meaning: guide), T e r z a n o v i ć (Turkish: terzi - terzan, meaning: tailor). A very small number of toponyms are of Turkish origin as well: B a d ž a n a (today a quite forgetten name), B u n a r i (wells, a very well known locality at the beginning of the Težačka street). This foreign penetrtion into the tissue of the Croatian language of the elder inhabitants of Šibenik took rise through centuries, particularly so following the fall of Bosnia (1463) and during 16th and 17th centuries. At the beginning the frontier between the Republic of Venice and the Turkish Empire was drawn between Vrpolje and Danilo. The Turks used to plunder the neighbourhood of Šibenik for a long time, very often they attacked the adjacent places, sometimes besieging the city for a long time. During a full, however, the border trade flourished and the Šibenik peasants used to till the Turkish fields.