Suchergebnisse

Modern dynamics of socio-economic development emphasized issues to improve efficiency of state innovation policy, its adequacy to contemporary priorities and problems in the country's development. An appropriate and relevant question is the systematization of knowledge obtained in the study of theoretical foundations of the state innovation policy, and effectiveness of its implementation depending on the methods of realization. The aim of present work is the development of theoretical and methodological fundamentals of state innovation policy. To solve the set tasks, we applied such general scientific and special research methods as: analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematic approach. Author examined the types of state innovation policy, factors that influence its formation, components of development and implementation of the state innovation policy. It is highlighted that the implementation of the state innovation policy is coordinated with the strategy of innovative development; strategic directions of innovation development of the national economy are demonstrated. Special attention was paid by Author to stages in the formation of state innovation policy in industrialized countries with the methods characterized for the realization of state innovation policy. Based on the obtained results of scientific research, main directions were proposed of innovation policy for Ukraine under present conditions. A conclusion was drawn on that the state innovation policy is a set of interrelated and interdependent forms, mechanisms, instruments, technologies of influence of the state on the formation, development and realization of scientific-technical, technological and innovation potential of the country, based on the promising world trends in scientific and technological development. The implementation of the state innovation policy is coordinated with the strategy of innovation development whose main function is to define main long-term directions of scientific development, to implement innovations, to provide resources to achieve the set objectives. The state, when implementing innovation policy, above all in the R&D sector, applies two basic types of methods: administrative and program-targeted. In the course of development of program-targeted methods, there were formed several variants of their implementation: a system of subsidies, institutional programs and cooperative implementation programs. The scientific novelty of present research is in determining the methodology of the state innovation policy, which covers an integrated system of methods, ways, and means of its implementation, taking into consideration the priorities in modern development of leading industrial countries. A practical value of the research is in applying the features of theoretical and methodological foundations of the state innovation policy for the selection of such areas and methods of implementation of the innovation policy that are most acceptable for Ukraine under current economic conditions.

Global informatization, manifestations of which are characteristic for the past decades, became the basis of the formation of the new model of the economy – digital economy, which became the development strategy of the most developed countries of the world. In Ukraine there is not any consistent tactic of building up a national digital economic business space as yet. Therefore, the purpose of the article was to substantiate theoretically the essence of digital economy and its conceptual reflection in the economic policy of the EU, as well to analyze the status and specific features of the Ukrainian economic system in terms of integration into international digital environment. The research methods are system analysis. Based on a number of scientific sources, it was revealed that the conceptual basis for the development of the digital economy in Europe consists of 5 metrics of the program of digital entrepreneurship: a) digital knowledge and ICT market, b) digital business environment, c) access to finance for businesses, d) digital skills of the labor force and electronic leadership, e) creating supporting entrepreneurial culture. In the course of the study we defined the centres of growth of digital technologies and communication in Ukraine, which can become the basis for further positive changes, at the same time we identified the main obstacles, as well as the lagging industries, because of whose performance the world ratings of Ukraine go down. A conclusion was made about the need to build an efficient national strategy for the development of the digital economy taking into account both positive and negative aspects of the experience of the EU countries. The scientific novelty of the work is in identifying features of the development of information and telecommunication technologies in Ukraine, which are in the uneven "informatization", depending on the industries and sectors of the economy, in the lack of digital strategy of the state, in the inconsistency in regulatory policy and distrust of the population in modern financial instruments. The findings made as the results of the research can be used for differentiation of users of digital information and the development of strategy of their engagement in certain segments. In the future, it is advisable to examine the European experience about the inclusion of objectives concerning the development of the digital economy in the global plan of reformation of the state.

The article deals with the analysis E-commerce turnover in the EU countries. The problems and barriers to cross-border electronic sales are outlined. The important role of e-commerce for small and medium businesses' development is proved

The system of law enforcement bodies of Ukraine, which is a part of the executive power, by its organization and activities does not fully match the socio–political, economic and criminogenic situation in the country. The need for reform of the law enforcement system in accordance with social needs and opportunities was stressed back in the first years of independence of Ukraine and it was widely declared. Since the developed concepts of reform have not been implemented, the subject of the article is still relevant. The aim of the research is to analyze the efficiency of the processes associated with innovative strategic management during the reform of the law enforcement system of the state; to explore the main aspects and factors of reformatting, as well as the dynamics of future changes in the law enforcement structures. To achieve the goal, we applied a set of methods: comparative, structural analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. The paper considers the process of creating the structure of the local police, which should be organized and financed by the local communities. We evaluated innovations in the personnel policy of the department: independence and transparency of the contest mechanism of filling in vacant posts (including leadership) in the police force. The paper studies the legal framework of the deployment of activities of the EU Advisory mission, which will help implement the European experience in the field of strategic management of the law enforcement system. The scientific novelty of the article is in the study of the features of the innovative strategic management of the law enforcement activities in the period of radical reform of the society. The planned reforms were developed taking into account international, including European, standards of the police activity. The practical significance of the obtained results is in a comprehensive study of the mechanism of gradual reformatting of "almighty" punitive state authority (the militia) into a new police structure that will provide services of the protection of public order to the society. Further research is advisable to focus on finding innovative ways to solve the problems of the reform of the law enforcement sphere of Ukraine.

Since the great historical event - the proclamation of the Act of Independence of Ukraine, the country has been expanding international cooperation in librarianship. The main areas of international cooperation, which is a priority in research institutions in the library business, are: conducting joint research; organization of international conferences, symposia, congresses and other events. Scientific conferences are one of the forms of dissemination of new information. In the modern information space, scientific institutions play an essential role in developing science, education and culture. Therefore, when evaluating a scientific institution, the number of international scientific and practical seminars, conferences, other events organized by the scientific institution, and materials (including collections of abstracts) of conferences are considered.Among the research institutions of Ukraine, which study the problems of library science, bibliography, bibliology, source studies, document science, archival science, biography, codicology and discography, history of book culture, computer science, social communications, the leading position is held by the most extensive library of Ukraine - the National Library of Ukraine, named after V. I. Vernadsky. Furthermore, the article analyzes the specifics of the organization of scientific conferences in a scientific institution, studies the directions and thematic content of such events, forms of conduct, their frequency during 1991-2021.

The topic of effective dispute resolution has been explored, as various conflicts are an integral part of public life or, as scholars rightly point out, conflicts are inevitable. The approaches used to resolve them are diverse and characterize the evolution of justice – from traditional litigation to modern alternative conciliation procedures and the so-called "conflict management", which helps not only to resolve disputes but also to maintain normal and productive relations between its participants in future. Alternative dispute resolution can be seen as a reaction to the significant increase in the number of appeals to court, the increase in court costs and the increase in court hearings, which inevitably accompany this form of protection of rights during the twentieth century. The first studies ~ 64 ~ ВІСНИК Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка ISSN 1728-3817 of alternative dispute resolution procedures can be found in the 1940s, but the interest of researchers increased significantly in the 1960s and 1970s, which led to the implementation of the concept of out-of-court protection in many countries, but not to dispute resolution. The basic modern approach to dispute resolution is characterized as a constructive dialogue for finding a compromise by any means, based on the vision of conflict as an integral and inevitable phenomenon that accompanies the dynamics of human relations. A change in the perception of the conflict should lead to a change in the established tools for their settlement into a comprehensive system that allows not so much to resolve it as to control, thus endowing it with constructive features that generally contribute to the development of productive relations. Accordingly, referring to our chosen epigraph, the vision of disputes as a basis for battle will grow into an awareness of their usefulness, if they are settled and controlled by experts.

The article covers the history of the notarial districts formation in Ukraine. The subject matter of the study is the retrospective of notarial districts formation in Ukraine as well as the development of the grounded proposals for respective legislation improvement. The methodological basis of the study were general scientific (analysis, comparison and modelling) and special (formal and logical) methods of cognition. The notary territorial competence influence on the formation of notarial districts is considered. The author has proved that the notary territorial competence in the context of national legislation is understood as the basis for the notary districts formation. The research suggests the analysis of 4 stages of notary formation and development in Ukraine: early years of independence, establishment of the maximum number of notaries, the years of uncertainty and the current stage, characterized by changes due to administrative-territorial and digital reforms. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that during the early years of independence the legislation, considering the notary territorial competence, was poor, while state intervention into the process of notarial districts allocation was really high. The regulation of the maximum number of notaries and notarial quotas as the legal problem that does not meet today's challenges is revealed. Legislative drafts aiming at regulating the number of notaries and restricting such state intervention in notarial activity have been analysed. The present regulation of the notary territorial competence, as well as legislative updates, considering the administrative-territorial reforms in Ukraine, are studied. The attention is also paid to the administrative-territorial structure as a basis for the allocation of the notary territorial competence. The main concepts of forming the list of notarial districts by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine are outlined; moreover, their pros and cons are highlighted. The governmental plans to digitalize the state services in terms of launching electronic notaries for remote notarial acts are mentioned. The offer to improve the principles of notary districts system in order to increase the availability of notarial acts to the population is given (driven by the examples of regional notary districts in Kyiv and Sevastopol aiming at providing remote notarial acts). Taking into account the Constitutional provisions, the need to consolidate the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine authorities is justified in context of approving the list of notarial districts in the Law of Ukraine "On Notaries". Keywords: territorial competence of a notary, maximum number of notaries, administrative-territorial structure, administrative-territorial unit, quotas of notaries, availability of notarial acts

The article examines some issues of legal support of political advertising during the process of election, but is not limited to it, as well as how they affect the outcome of elections. In this study comparative, observation, dynamical analogies, analysis methods are used. The author compares the current legislation of Ukraine and the legislation of a number of other European countries and identifies their common and distinctive features.

Special attention is given to the political advertising law of Poland, as its closest neighbour. Also, the legislation of France, Germany and Great Britain is examined. The article underlines their main differences. Partial and systematic violations of advertising legislation during the electoral process and during the period between the elections are also identified.

The article also shows that the issue in question is not fully studied by legal scientists. The research, in particular, emphasises on the lack of comprehensive definition of political advertising and its legal regulation during the period between the elections. The article draws attention to the incorrectness in law legal regulation of political advertising by the laws regulating commercial advertising. The legal acts, that influence the results of elections are specified, in particular, the author pays attention to the state budget funding for political parties. Reducing Government expenditure can preserve the principle of absolute equality among political actors, so they could participate constructively in the elections. The best thing to do considering the circumstances is to adopt a new law on political advertising or to to amend the existing Act, that regulates advertising in general. As a result, it is proved that political advertising is not limited to the electoral process and must be governed by legislation. The article also states that any law in this area also should comply with international law, especially with acts adopted by the European Union.

The article analyses the development of the concept of international crime in the "Hague" period, which covers the last decades of the last century and is closely related to the establishment of ad hoc international tribunals in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The article reveals the legal grounds for the establishment of these tribunals, the features of their activities, jurisdiction and principles of responsibility of persons who committed crimes in the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The establishment of international justice bodies by UN Security Council decisions has provoked a number of debates about their legitimacy, but it is undeniable that the activities of ad hoc international tribunals have contributed to the initiation of a new stage in the development of international criminal justice, further development of international criminal law, in particular in the development of the Rome Statute and the Rules of Procedure and Evidence of the International Criminal Court. All types of tribunal jurisdictions are disclosed, but special attention is paid to the substantive and personal jurisdictions of tribunals, which became the basis for the theoretical justification of the "Hague" modification of international crime, as well as the practical implementation of this concept in tribunal decisions. It is shown that the categories of international crimes that constitute the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (serious violations of the Geneva Conventions, violations of the laws or customs of war, genocide and crimes against humanity) and the categories of crimes defined in the Statute of the International Tribunal for Rwanda against humanity and violations of the Geneva Conventions) in the documents of the tribunals have been developed in comparison with the Nuremberg and post-Nuremberg periods. ~ 74 ~ ВІСНИК Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка ISSN 1728-3817 It is shown that the substantive jurisdiction of the ICTY and the ICC does not coincide with the provisions of the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals. The differences relate to the list of categories of crimes; parallel jurisdiction of international ad hoc tribunals and national courts; extending the competence of ad hoc tribunals to cases of crimes committed both during wars between states and during internal armed conflict, etc. The content of the categories of crimes, their composition, the subjects of responsibility have been clarified. In particular, the characteristic features of the crime of genocide and crimes against humanity are identified; the conditions, elements and subjects for the recognition of their qualifications are indicated. The author pays attention to the principles of personal jurisdiction, shows that in the decisions of international tribunals ad hoc has developed the principle of individual responsibility for international crimes that constitute substantive jurisdiction. The application of the principle of universal jurisdiction in the activity of tribunals is revealed. The author concludes that the establishment of ad hoc international criminal tribunals and their activities has contributed to the development of the concept of international crime and the separation of a special "Hague" modification. Keywords: international crime, tribunal, "Hague" modification, international justice, jurisdiction, criminal liability

Development of information technologies, cryptocurrencies and technology of distributed networks has caused the appearance of smart con- tracts as new types of civil contract. They have been widely used in recent years in such areas as initial coins offering (ICO), financial sector, inter- national trade and public services. At the same time the legal status and legal regulation of smart contracts are uncertain. These uncertainties cause many legal risks of smart-contractsutilization. The purpose of this article is to find out the conception of smart contract as a form of civil contract, to research its legal status and legal regula- tion issues and to develop proposals for the improvement of legal regulation of smart contracts and cryptocurrencies in Ukraine. By its legal nature a smart contract is a digital form of a civil contract realized in programming code automatically executed in a distributed network. Like a civil contract, smart contract has such elements as parties, subject and essential terms of the contract. The legal force of a smart contract depends on whether it includes the fundamental features of a civil contact, such as evidence that parties have intention to create legal relations, understandabil- ity of contract conditions and possibility to perform the terms of the contract under duress. The main advantages of a smart contract are its ability to significantly accelerate and reduce costs of the transaction and guarantee the fulfillment of contract terms regardless of the contractual parties' and third parties' will. The main risks of a smart contract are uncertainty of legal status of a smart contract and cryptocurrencies as a means of payment, complexity of expressing the contact terms in a mathematical algorithm, risk of software bugs and hacking attack. To solve the problems of legal regulation of smart contracts in Ukraine it is necessary to change the legislation in order to settle the legal status of cryptocurrencies and recognize a smart contract as a form of a civil contract. It is necessary to identify parties of the smart contract, confirm their agreement on the terms of the smart contract by using digital electronic signature. A smart contract should be supplemented by text application containing the es- sential terms of the contract which will have legal force in trail. It is necessary to implement blockchain technology in the state registers and pro- vide legal ability to make adjustments in the registers automatically for the performance of smartcontracts.

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the psychological features of people with signs of borderline personality disorder. The study involved 40 people with signs of borderline personality disorder aged 14-56 years. According to the purpose of the study, the following tasks have been set: To investigate personality with borderline disorder; Identify and evaluate the neurotic states of a person with a borderline personality disorder; Conduct correlation analysis to investigate trends in the relationship between the indicator of the number of signs of borderline disorder and personal characteristics. The following research methods were used: 5PFQ Big Five technique (R. McCray, P. Costa), Clinical questionnaire for the detection and evaluation of neurotic conditions (KK Yakhin, DM Mendelevich) and Methods for diagnosing borderline personality disorder (TY Lasovskaya, CP Korolenko, SV Yaechnikov). The data obtained were subjected to a mathematical and statistical analysis procedure using the SPSS Statistic program. It is proved that emotional lability (instability of emotions), impulsiveness and self-harming behavior are important diagnostic criteria of a borderline personality disorder. High level of manifestation of signs of borderline personality disorder is accompanied by such mental states of disadaptation as neurotic depression, asthenia, tension and anxiety.

The article analyses international legal acts that regulate the labour relations of certain categories of workers, as well as related problems. Their distinctive feature is the age that a person has reached at the time of entering into such a legal relationship. The peculiarities of such regulation are determined; its characteristic features are specified. Due to the fact that age is one of the legal facts that affect the legal status of the employee, an attempt is made to distinguish between age groups of employees and to identify features of their legal status in the employment relationship. The methodological basis of the study includes general and special methods of cognition. The dialectical method examines the problems of legal regulation of international norms on the use of hired labour of minors and the elderly and their relationship with a number of trends that have different effects on international labour law. Formal-logical and systematic methods are used to study the content of international legal acts governing labour relations of minors and the elderly. The main result of the study is the regulation in international legal acts of relations concerning the use of hired labour of minors and the elderly, improving its conditions, protection against discrimination and creating conditions for the free exercise of their ability to work within national laws, for comparative legal analysis and finding ways to improve existing systems. The article also pays attention to the content, significance and features of the basic principles for the use of hired labour of minors and the elderly, the establishment by member states of the minimum age for employment.

The article deals with the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia which concern the cooperation of public administration with citizens and the protection of the citizens' rights. The comparison of the particular provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia with the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine is made. As a result of comparing the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia with the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, it is concluded that they are similar in terms of citizens' rights protection. In both Constitutions, citizens'

rights are recognized and protected by the state, rights and freedoms may only be circumscribed in exceptional cases, citizens have the right to free access to the information held by public administration (access to which is not restricted). Special attention is given to Administrative Procedure Act of the Republic of Estonia, which was passed on 06 June 2001. The principles of the administrative procedure, enshrined in Administrative Procedure Act of the Republic of Estonia, are presented. They include the principle of human rights protection, the principle of legality, the principle of proportionality and separate group of principles – principles of good administration. The principles of good administration, which underlie the cooperation of public administration with citizens, are also highlighted. They include the right to be heard, the right to examine documents, the right to get explanations, the principle of accessibility and data protection, the right to representation, the principle of appeal. It is substantiated that the principles of administrative procedure, enshrined in Administrative Procedure Act of the Republic of Estonia, provide two important guarantees: 1) a guarantee for good and legal activity of public administration, 2) a guarantee for enforcement of person's rights and freedoms during issuing administrative acts or taking measures. The conclusion on the expediency for the systematization of the legislation on administrative procedure in a one normative legal act is made. On the basis of drawn conclusions, it is proposed to draft and adopt in Ukraine a unified normative legal act on administrative procedure (a law or a code), taking into consideration Estonia's experience in this matter.

One of the most important decisions that entrepreneurs and investors adopt in the process of their activities to obtain a positive micro- and macroeconomic result is the placement of monetary funds into ranked financial instruments. Such a decision requires understanding of investment features and risks for all classes of assets. A special attention should be paid to derivatives as their use, despite high effectiveness, is not commonly practiced in Ukraine. The aim of present work is a theoretical study of financial and organizational prerequisites for hedging, particularly, to identify obstacles to the introduction of this technique, including when working with derivatives, in risk management, formation of conceptual approaches to assess and overcome obstacles in the effective application of hedging strategy. Main problems in the application of hedging technique for the work with derivatives at domestic enterprises and financial markets of Ukraine are characterized. We substantiated a hedging technique as an alternative, by efficiency, method in risk management. The most common financial techniques are characterized, which include natural and synthetic types of hedging. A structure of the financial market is revealed, and financial negotiable instruments -objects of application of hedging technique- are classified. A system of participants in the Ukrainian stock market is presented. We described the essence of technique and certain methods of hedging. Micro-and macroeconomic obstacles are identified when applying hedging relative to derivatives: unsubstantiated number of exchanges, weakly-developed legal-normative base, insufficient warrants of property rights to foreign investors, lack of actual delivery of the base asset, low investment attractiveness of Ukraine, lack of a unified regulator for financial markets, absence of hedgers, small volumes of transactions for all futures, low level of financial literacy among the population. The scientific novelty of present research is in outlining the aspects of practical implementation of hedging technique into risk management in dealing with derivatives. Results of the study might be used by legal entities when managing risks in operational and financial activities. Further research into the scientific problem specified may be directed to regulate drivers of profitable business activity by innovative and progressive methods and techniques.

Purpose: To develop a model for the formation of economic behavior of households in the conditions of a balance of income and expenses, which allows for a qualitative assessment of the impact of innovation activities of a household on sustainable development processes. Findings: The article develops the concept of sustainable development and, on the basis of a model built in the space of states, for the first time proposes a construct, which is called the "active economic dipole". With its help, it is analytically proved that the innovative activity of households has a positive effect on both their sustainable development and the sustainable development of the economic system as a whole. Practical Implications: The proposed approach can be used for a qualitative assessment of the effectiveness of the activities of economic entities in a balanced circulation of resources in the context of sustainable development. Originality / Value: The author's model for assessing the innovation activity of households is original. The model has no analogs in the scientific literature of the studied subject area. Research Limitations / Future Research: The study proposes a generalized model without a complete description of the dimensions of its components and the procedure for determining the input parameters. This description and its application define potential directions for further research. Paper Type: Theoretical.