Suchergebnisse

The aim of the study is to reveal the differences in the attitudes to Čiurlionis' creative work by the Lithuanian composers of two different generations – Bronius Kutavičius and Vidmantas Bartulis. The primacy of constructive or emotional relationship is demonstrated and the differences between modern and postmodern attitudes are studied with the help of analytical and comparative methods. However, this divide does not eliminate certain similarities. The period between the commemoration of Čiurlionis' birth centenary in 1975 and the year 2005 is examined. Kutavičius' "Dzūkiškos variacijos" (Dzukian Variations), Bartulis' "Ūkanos" (Mist), "Hommage à Čiurlionis" and "Kelias" (The Way) are analysed. The reasons for late reception are studied, and the political and cultural conditions discussed. Establishing a national musical school, the composers (just like Čiurlionis himself ) stressed folk tradition for a long time; only later did they start to purposely build links with their predecessors. It is stated how with the passing of time it is possible to distance oneself from an idealised relationship, and the approach as if it were an icon has also changed. The possibility of a more relaxed communication is linked with the changing from general relationships to personal. The artist who creates an opus that has been greatly influenced by others does not necessarily draw on the "peaks". It is possible that unresolved and unexpanded things, certain dead ends, or some collateral phenomena for which the genius simply had no time can be important for further expansion of art. Nevertheless, incorporated music is often employed as a sign and then the most characteristic works are drawn on. In cases of intertextuality, personal concurrence is rare and it imparts an additional dimension to other authors' creative idea that is being expanded. With the increasing number of works marked by in-texts, the listener is directed to search for them. In Čiurlionis' case, we have a peculiar phenomenon as honouring this symbolic Lithuanian figure other composers draw on his painting and graphic works, textual legacy, his music, or his personality. In his "Dzūkiškos variacijos" (Dzukian Variations) for chamber orchestra, piano and tape, Kutavičius not only pays homage to Čiurlionis but also as though builds a solidarity link between folk art, Čiurlionis' legacy and modern composing techniques. Meanwhile, in Bartuli's "Kelias" for mixed choir, saxophone, percussion and tape, Čiurlionis exists as an imaginary dramatic personage and thus here we can speak about stylistic biographic intertextuality

The aim of the study is to reveal the differences in the attitudes to Čiurlionis' creative work by the Lithuanian composers of two different generations – Bronius Kutavičius and Vidmantas Bartulis. The primacy of constructive or emotional relationship is demonstrated and the differences between modern and postmodern attitudes are studied with the help of analytical and comparative methods. However, this divide does not eliminate certain similarities. The period between the commemoration of Čiurlionis' birth centenary in 1975 and the year 2005 is examined. Kutavičius' "Dzūkiškos variacijos" (Dzukian Variations), Bartulis' "Ūkanos" (Mist), "Hommage à Čiurlionis" and "Kelias" (The Way) are analysed. The reasons for late reception are studied, and the political and cultural conditions discussed. Establishing a national musical school, the composers (just like Čiurlionis himself ) stressed folk tradition for a long time; only later did they start to purposely build links with their predecessors. It is stated how with the passing of time it is possible to distance oneself from an idealised relationship, and the approach as if it were an icon has also changed. The possibility of a more relaxed communication is linked with the changing from general relationships to personal. The artist who creates an opus that has been greatly influenced by others does not necessarily draw on the "peaks". It is possible that unresolved and unexpanded things, certain dead ends, or some collateral phenomena for which the genius simply had no time can be important for further expansion of art. Nevertheless, incorporated music is often employed as a sign and then the most characteristic works are drawn on. In cases of intertextuality, personal concurrence is rare and it imparts an additional dimension to other authors' creative idea that is being expanded. With the increasing number of works marked by in-texts, the listener is directed to search for them. In Čiurlionis' case, we have a peculiar phenomenon as honouring this symbolic Lithuanian figure other composers draw on his painting and graphic works, textual legacy, his music, or his personality. In his "Dzūkiškos variacijos" (Dzukian Variations) for chamber orchestra, piano and tape, Kutavičius not only pays homage to Čiurlionis but also as though builds a solidarity link between folk art, Čiurlionis' legacy and modern composing techniques. Meanwhile, in Bartuli's "Kelias" for mixed choir, saxophone, percussion and tape, Čiurlionis exists as an imaginary dramatic personage and thus here we can speak about stylistic biographic intertextuality

The Baltic society underwent different stages of development just as any other culture. Throughout centuries weaponry and its progress stages were among the major factors facilitating community's adaptation to altering environment. The Baltic tribes which once inhabited the territory of the modern Lithuania had to develop their weaponry in order to promote their own existence and to defend their habitat from the attacks of foreign foes during the course of time; therefore, they gradually developed traditional munitions outfits distinctive with their own specific features and revealing shared similarities when compared. This paper seeks to review the 5th – early 13th century weaponry of the Lithuanian tribe which inhabited the habitat of the Eastern Lithuanian Barrow Culture (hereinafter referred to as the ELBC) based on the materials of the burial monuments. The tasks of the paper are: 1. Describing the social structure and economical and political development of the Lithuanian tribe (ELBC) in the 5th – early 13th century identifying its most characteristic features; 2. Assessing types of weaponry used by the 5th – early 13th century Lithuanian tribe (ELBC) and identifying what kind of weapons (which of their types) were typical for a warrior of this tribe during the Middle and Late Iron Age period; 3. Highlighting specifics of the munitions of the 5th – early 13th century warriors of the Lithuanian tribe (ELBC) compared to other Baltic tribes and identifying typical munitions outfits of the warriors of this tribe.

The Baltic society underwent different stages of development just as any other culture. Throughout centuries weaponry and its progress stages were among the major factors facilitating community's adaptation to altering environment. The Baltic tribes which once inhabited the territory of the modern Lithuania had to develop their weaponry in order to promote their own existence and to defend their habitat from the attacks of foreign foes during the course of time; therefore, they gradually developed traditional munitions outfits distinctive with their own specific features and revealing shared similarities when compared. This paper seeks to review the 5th – early 13th century weaponry of the Lithuanian tribe which inhabited the habitat of the Eastern Lithuanian Barrow Culture (hereinafter referred to as the ELBC) based on the materials of the burial monuments. The tasks of the paper are: 1. Describing the social structure and economical and political development of the Lithuanian tribe (ELBC) in the 5th – early 13th century identifying its most characteristic features; 2. Assessing types of weaponry used by the 5th – early 13th century Lithuanian tribe (ELBC) and identifying what kind of weapons (which of their types) were typical for a warrior of this tribe during the Middle and Late Iron Age period; 3. Highlighting specifics of the munitions of the 5th – early 13th century warriors of the Lithuanian tribe (ELBC) compared to other Baltic tribes and identifying typical munitions outfits of the warriors of this tribe.

A native of Belarus, publicist, critic and author of poetic texts Vladimir Samoilo (1878–1941) is well known as a teacher of Yanka Kupala and a popularizer of his poetry. He is also known as a correspondent of Alexander Blok and an author of works about his creations, as well as a prominent figure of the Belarusian national movement. However, his participation in the Russian periodical press and in the social and cultural life in Wilno is insufficiently investigated. The aim of this study is to fill this gap. Samoilo was the organizer of the evenings of the famous Russian writers Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Zinaida Gippius, Dmitry Filosofov in 1920. He participated in discussions about the works of the Russian philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev, organized by the Literary-artistic section of the Wilno Russian society in 1925. He was elected a member of the council of the Religious-philosophical section of the Wilno Russian society in 1927. Later, Samoilo became vice-chairman of the Religious-philosophical section. Samoilo was the author of a large statement at the solemn assembly on the 50th anniversary of the death of Fyodor Dostoevsky in 1931. At the meetings of the Religious-philosophical circle, Samoilo made reports on Russian philosophers Ivan Kireevsky, Pyotr Chaadayev and others. Newspapers "Vilenskoe slovo", "Vilenskaya misl", "Utro" published Samoilo's articles on the topics of domestic and international politics as well as economy. He was the editor and publisher of the newspaper "Vilenskaya rech", where he published articles about the works of Alexander Blok and Fyodor Dostoevsky as well about the historiosophic concept of Marian Zdziechowski. He had conflicts with the newspaper "Vilenskoe utro". Samoilo's cooperation in the newspaper "Nashe vremia" was accompanied by a polemic with the Warsaw newspaper "Za svobodu!" and its head Dmitry Filosofov about Alexander Blok's poem "The Twelve". The most important Samoilo's publications in the "Nashe vremia" newspaper are devoted to the history of Russian literature and philosophy, as well to discussions in the Religious and philosophical circle of the Wilno Russian society. The analysis of the collected information clarifies the existing knowledge about the activities and views of Samoilo in the Wilno period and complements the general picture of the life of the Russian minority in the Wilno region and in the interwar Poland as a whole. Despite the contradictions and conflicts with certain representatives of the Russian society in Wilno, Vladimir Samoilo was its active and influential participant.

A native of Belarus, publicist, critic and author of poetic texts Vladimir Samoilo (1878–1941) is well known as a teacher of Yanka Kupala and a popularizer of his poetry. He is also known as a correspondent of Alexander Blok and an author of works about his creations, as well as a prominent figure of the Belarusian national movement. However, his participation in the Russian periodical press and in the social and cultural life in Wilno is insufficiently investigated. The aim of this study is to fill this gap. Samoilo was the organizer of the evenings of the famous Russian writers Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Zinaida Gippius, Dmitry Filosofov in 1920. He participated in discussions about the works of the Russian philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev, organized by the Literary-artistic section of the Wilno Russian society in 1925. He was elected a member of the council of the Religious-philosophical section of the Wilno Russian society in 1927. Later, Samoilo became vice-chairman of the Religious-philosophical section. Samoilo was the author of a large statement at the solemn assembly on the 50th anniversary of the death of Fyodor Dostoevsky in 1931. At the meetings of the Religious-philosophical circle, Samoilo made reports on Russian philosophers Ivan Kireevsky, Pyotr Chaadayev and others. Newspapers "Vilenskoe slovo", "Vilenskaya misl", "Utro" published Samoilo's articles on the topics of domestic and international politics as well as economy. He was the editor and publisher of the newspaper "Vilenskaya rech", where he published articles about the works of Alexander Blok and Fyodor Dostoevsky as well about the historiosophic concept of Marian Zdziechowski. He had conflicts with the newspaper "Vilenskoe utro". Samoilo's cooperation in the newspaper "Nashe vremia" was accompanied by a polemic with the Warsaw newspaper "Za svobodu!" and its head Dmitry Filosofov about Alexander Blok's poem "The Twelve". The most important Samoilo's publications in the "Nashe vremia" newspaper are devoted to the history of Russian literature and philosophy, as well to discussions in the Religious and philosophical circle of the Wilno Russian society. The analysis of the collected information clarifies the existing knowledge about the activities and views of Samoilo in the Wilno period and complements the general picture of the life of the Russian minority in the Wilno region and in the interwar Poland as a whole. Despite the contradictions and conflicts with certain representatives of the Russian society in Wilno, Vladimir Samoilo was its active and influential participant.

A native of Belarus, publicist, critic and author of poetic texts Vladimir Samoilo (1878–1941) is well known as a teacher of Yanka Kupala and a popularizer of his poetry. He is also known as a correspondent of Alexander Blok and an author of works about his creations, as well as a prominent figure of the Belarusian national movement. However, his participation in the Russian periodical press and in the social and cultural life in Wilno is insufficiently investigated. The aim of this study is to fill this gap. Samoilo was the organizer of the evenings of the famous Russian writers Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Zinaida Gippius, Dmitry Filosofov in 1920. He participated in discussions about the works of the Russian philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev, organized by the Literary-artistic section of the Wilno Russian society in 1925. He was elected a member of the council of the Religious-philosophical section of the Wilno Russian society in 1927. Later, Samoilo became vice-chairman of the Religious-philosophical section. Samoilo was the author of a large statement at the solemn assembly on the 50th anniversary of the death of Fyodor Dostoevsky in 1931. At the meetings of the Religious-philosophical circle, Samoilo made reports on Russian philosophers Ivan Kireevsky, Pyotr Chaadayev and others. Newspapers "Vilenskoe slovo", "Vilenskaya misl", "Utro" published Samoilo's articles on the topics of domestic and international politics as well as economy. He was the editor and publisher of the newspaper "Vilenskaya rech", where he published articles about the works of Alexander Blok and Fyodor Dostoevsky as well about the historiosophic concept of Marian Zdziechowski. He had conflicts with the newspaper "Vilenskoe utro". Samoilo's cooperation in the newspaper "Nashe vremia" was accompanied by a polemic with the Warsaw newspaper "Za svobodu!" and its head Dmitry Filosofov about Alexander Blok's poem "The Twelve". The most important Samoilo's publications in the "Nashe vremia" newspaper are devoted to the history of Russian literature and philosophy, as well to discussions in the Religious and philosophical circle of the Wilno Russian society. The analysis of the collected information clarifies the existing knowledge about the activities and views of Samoilo in the Wilno period and complements the general picture of the life of the Russian minority in the Wilno region and in the interwar Poland as a whole. Despite the contradictions and conflicts with certain representatives of the Russian society in Wilno, Vladimir Samoilo was its active and influential participant.

A native of Belarus, publicist, critic and author of poetic texts Vladimir Samoilo (1878–1941) is well known as a teacher of Yanka Kupala and a popularizer of his poetry. He is also known as a correspondent of Alexander Blok and an author of works about his creations, as well as a prominent figure of the Belarusian national movement. However, his participation in the Russian periodical press and in the social and cultural life in Wilno is insufficiently investigated. The aim of this study is to fill this gap. Samoilo was the organizer of the evenings of the famous Russian writers Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Zinaida Gippius, Dmitry Filosofov in 1920. He participated in discussions about the works of the Russian philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev, organized by the Literary-artistic section of the Wilno Russian society in 1925. He was elected a member of the council of the Religious-philosophical section of the Wilno Russian society in 1927. Later, Samoilo became vice-chairman of the Religious-philosophical section. Samoilo was the author of a large statement at the solemn assembly on the 50th anniversary of the death of Fyodor Dostoevsky in 1931. At the meetings of the Religious-philosophical circle, Samoilo made reports on Russian philosophers Ivan Kireevsky, Pyotr Chaadayev and others. Newspapers "Vilenskoe slovo", "Vilenskaya misl", "Utro" published Samoilo's articles on the topics of domestic and international politics as well as economy. He was the editor and publisher of the newspaper "Vilenskaya rech", where he published articles about the works of Alexander Blok and Fyodor Dostoevsky as well about the historiosophic concept of Marian Zdziechowski. He had conflicts with the newspaper "Vilenskoe utro". Samoilo's cooperation in the newspaper "Nashe vremia" was accompanied by a polemic with the Warsaw newspaper "Za svobodu!" and its head Dmitry Filosofov about Alexander Blok's poem "The Twelve". The most important Samoilo's publications in the "Nashe vremia" newspaper are devoted to the history of Russian literature and philosophy, as well to discussions in the Religious and philosophical circle of the Wilno Russian society. The analysis of the collected information clarifies the existing knowledge about the activities and views of Samoilo in the Wilno period and complements the general picture of the life of the Russian minority in the Wilno region and in the interwar Poland as a whole. Despite the contradictions and conflicts with certain representatives of the Russian society in Wilno, Vladimir Samoilo was its active and influential participant.

The topic of this master's thesis is Cost-effectiveness and Concentration of the Process vs. Fair Trial. The right to a fair trial, which is established in main international and national sources of law, is a wide spectrum integral right, meaning that the right to a fair trial can be achieved only by ensuring the coexistence of many other principles. The right to a fair trial means a guarantee provided by the government to entities, ensuring that the violated rights shall be protected not only by fairly resolving a legal dispute, but also by resolving the dispute by concentrated, expeditious way with the lowest cost possible. This paper reveals and discusses some aspects of the application of the principles of efficiency and concentration, the implementation of which is an integral part of the right to a fair trial in the context of institutes of civil procedure law. The first part of this paper analyses the main concepts of the aforementioned principles, their historical development, content and significance in the system of all principles of civil procedure law, as well as the content of the right to a fair trial and its relationship with the principles of concentration and efficiency. The second part of this paper seeks to determine the main obligations of the parties of a dispute, the court and other participants in the proceedings arising from the principles of process economy and concentration, and the significance of their implementation for ensuring the right to a fair trial. The third part of this paper discusses the preconditions of economy and concentration principles, which influence the exercise of the right to a fair trial in courts of different instances, while outlining the significance and relevance of the implementation of the latter principles in different categories of court cases.

The topic of this master's thesis is Cost-effectiveness and Concentration of the Process vs. Fair Trial. The right to a fair trial, which is established in main international and national sources of law, is a wide spectrum integral right, meaning that the right to a fair trial can be achieved only by ensuring the coexistence of many other principles. The right to a fair trial means a guarantee provided by the government to entities, ensuring that the violated rights shall be protected not only by fairly resolving a legal dispute, but also by resolving the dispute by concentrated, expeditious way with the lowest cost possible. This paper reveals and discusses some aspects of the application of the principles of efficiency and concentration, the implementation of which is an integral part of the right to a fair trial in the context of institutes of civil procedure law. The first part of this paper analyses the main concepts of the aforementioned principles, their historical development, content and significance in the system of all principles of civil procedure law, as well as the content of the right to a fair trial and its relationship with the principles of concentration and efficiency. The second part of this paper seeks to determine the main obligations of the parties of a dispute, the court and other participants in the proceedings arising from the principles of process economy and concentration, and the significance of their implementation for ensuring the right to a fair trial. The third part of this paper discusses the preconditions of economy and concentration principles, which influence the exercise of the right to a fair trial in courts of different instances, while outlining the significance and relevance of the implementation of the latter principles in different categories of court cases.

The topic of this master's thesis is Cost-effectiveness and Concentration of the Process vs. Fair Trial. The right to a fair trial, which is established in main international and national sources of law, is a wide spectrum integral right, meaning that the right to a fair trial can be achieved only by ensuring the coexistence of many other principles. The right to a fair trial means a guarantee provided by the government to entities, ensuring that the violated rights shall be protected not only by fairly resolving a legal dispute, but also by resolving the dispute by concentrated, expeditious way with the lowest cost possible. This paper reveals and discusses some aspects of the application of the principles of efficiency and concentration, the implementation of which is an integral part of the right to a fair trial in the context of institutes of civil procedure law. The first part of this paper analyses the main concepts of the aforementioned principles, their historical development, content and significance in the system of all principles of civil procedure law, as well as the content of the right to a fair trial and its relationship with the principles of concentration and efficiency. The second part of this paper seeks to determine the main obligations of the parties of a dispute, the court and other participants in the proceedings arising from the principles of process economy and concentration, and the significance of their implementation for ensuring the right to a fair trial. The third part of this paper discusses the preconditions of economy and concentration principles, which influence the exercise of the right to a fair trial in courts of different instances, while outlining the significance and relevance of the implementation of the latter principles in different categories of court cases.

The topic of this master's thesis is Cost-effectiveness and Concentration of the Process vs. Fair Trial. The right to a fair trial, which is established in main international and national sources of law, is a wide spectrum integral right, meaning that the right to a fair trial can be achieved only by ensuring the coexistence of many other principles. The right to a fair trial means a guarantee provided by the government to entities, ensuring that the violated rights shall be protected not only by fairly resolving a legal dispute, but also by resolving the dispute by concentrated, expeditious way with the lowest cost possible. This paper reveals and discusses some aspects of the application of the principles of efficiency and concentration, the implementation of which is an integral part of the right to a fair trial in the context of institutes of civil procedure law. The first part of this paper analyses the main concepts of the aforementioned principles, their historical development, content and significance in the system of all principles of civil procedure law, as well as the content of the right to a fair trial and its relationship with the principles of concentration and efficiency. The second part of this paper seeks to determine the main obligations of the parties of a dispute, the court and other participants in the proceedings arising from the principles of process economy and concentration, and the significance of their implementation for ensuring the right to a fair trial. The third part of this paper discusses the preconditions of economy and concentration principles, which influence the exercise of the right to a fair trial in courts of different instances, while outlining the significance and relevance of the implementation of the latter principles in different categories of court cases.

University's of Klaipeda students' today's culture research is described in the article, data, got in the end of 2002 y., in compared to data, got in the end of 2004 y. National upbringing's dimension is analyzed. Conclusions 1. In two years' time social trauma in Lithuania influence to academic youth has decreased: established, e. g., that there are a one third less students, who liked Lithuanian nation at the same time estimating it negative; the amount of students, who are favorably disposed towards their own nation, increased by one third. 2. It showed up, that fathers educate their children more patriotically than mothers; unfortunately, men do not socialize with children enough. 3. It was ascertained, that it is hard to educate youth patriotically because of the particularity of work in high school, but students' national optimism can be raised. 4. Lithuanian schools do not manage to indoctrinate love to native land worth - it stays in the last place between the students in the first courses and is important only for every fifteen student. With reference to working practice, it can be stated, that this worth should be indoctrinated from as early as possible, even before school. Despite the agitations, specific to international political unions, it is necessary to impose patriotic education course for pedagogical profile specialities' students in Lithuanian high schools.

University's of Klaipeda students' today's culture research is described in the article, data, got in the end of 2002 y., in compared to data, got in the end of 2004 y. National upbringing's dimension is analyzed. Conclusions 1. In two years' time social trauma in Lithuania influence to academic youth has decreased: established, e. g., that there are a one third less students, who liked Lithuanian nation at the same time estimating it negative; the amount of students, who are favorably disposed towards their own nation, increased by one third. 2. It showed up, that fathers educate their children more patriotically than mothers; unfortunately, men do not socialize with children enough. 3. It was ascertained, that it is hard to educate youth patriotically because of the particularity of work in high school, but students' national optimism can be raised. 4. Lithuanian schools do not manage to indoctrinate love to native land worth - it stays in the last place between the students in the first courses and is important only for every fifteen student. With reference to working practice, it can be stated, that this worth should be indoctrinated from as early as possible, even before school. Despite the agitations, specific to international political unions, it is necessary to impose patriotic education course for pedagogical profile specialities' students in Lithuanian high schools.

There are many different explanations of how the Russia's political system, after the collapse of the USSR, is functioning. Some argue that it can be described as a strictly centralized power vertical, authoritarian or even dictatorial model. Others suggest that the basis of the system lay in the power of elite groups or media control (mediocracy). However, the different perspectives share same assumption: the essential role in the Russian political system is played by various power elite groups; thus, their analysis helps one to understand the functioning of the regime more profoundly. The analyses of Post-Communist Russia's elite are based on the main assumptions of the theories of power elite. It means that not only relations and interactions between various power groups are analyzed, but also the links between the concentration of power in specific groups with the post-Communist Russia transformation process. However, Russia's political system is a "black box" that is very hard to open and acknowledge. Therefore, even an analysis of the elite groups can only give partial answers to the study of its political system.