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The appraisal value is an appraiser's opinion (not determination) of the current worth of a property on the real estate market. The assessed value is the value placed on real estate property by government assessors for determining ad valorem taxes. Assessed value is used rarely as basis for appraisal value. The Italian appraisal practice is characterized by valuations developed in subjective opinions formulated by the valuers, according to the experience and the competence rather than on the survey of the market data of comparable properties. These opinions are indicated by the term expertise, borrowed from the estimates made in the art market. In Italy, the valuation of the properties applies a form of expertise based on subjective opinion rather than on the market prices. The basis of the expertise is one synthetic estimate of the value based on a single parameter, often derived from generic list of interval values quotations.

It is well known that markets are value creating economic, social and cultural systems. In marketing, Sydney Levy originally proposed symbolic value as the notion underlying consumption activity. This was followed by Kotler's elaboration of customer value or customer satisfaction as the basis and justification for marketing. We have also seen the emergence of exchange value and use value in the works of Bagozzi and Holbrook respectively as the corner stone of all marketing and consumption activities. More recently, with the emergence of brand marketing globally, Peñaloza and Venkatesh introduced the notion of sign value, asserting that the market economy is tending toward a sign economy. Thus markets are viewed as social/cultural constructions and what is created is a system of meanings, especially in the global and cross-cultural environments. It is in the broad context of established works and more specifically in the context of consumer culture that we comment on Karababa and Kjeldgaard's article in this issue that takes the value discourse one step further by enunciating a cultural paradigm. They present a comprehensive analysis that includes "exchange value," "perceived value," "value as cognitive evaluation," "social values and value systems," "value as co-created," "aesthetic value," and "identity and linking value." We believe that Karababa/Kjeldgaard's framework is a good start and is indeed a contribution to the growing literature on market value.

"Werte werden im unternehmerischen Kontext immer wichtiger. Deswegen ist es sowohl für Unternehmen als auch für Investoren wichtig, Informationen darüber zu sammeln. Dieser Beitrag stellt ein Instrument, die Value Balance Card vor, mit dem Informationen über Wertvorstellungen gesammelt, strukturiert und für Kooperationsentscheidungen genutzt werden können." (Autorenreferat)