Suchergebnisse

The article analyzes the problems that arose and were solved with the participation of military units of the former Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR in the first days and months after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, largely due to the creation of a special organizational structure for troop management. The heroism and courage of the servicemen demonstrated during the liquidation of the consequences of the largest accident in nuclear energy are highlighted.Problem Statement. An accident that escalated into a large-scale catastrophe of humanitarian, environmental and economic nature. The aftermath of the Chernobyl disaster has provided Ukrainian military with invaluable experience that needs to be estimated.The Purpose lies in a comprehensive understanding of the place and significance of the Chornobyl catastrophe in the history of Ukraine and the participation of Ukrainian servicemen in the liquidation of the catastrophe.Research Methods. The following methods were used in the research process: comparative-historical and descriptive methods, content analysis and synthesis.Originality consists in the introduction into scientific circulation of new sources, highlighting the heroism and courage of the servicemen, shown in the elimination of the consequences of the greatest accident in nuclear energy.Conclusion. The echo of the Chornobyl catastrophe urges us to be vigilant. It makes us rethink that scientific and technological progress not only gives modern mankind the means to achieve the intended goals on the path of civilized progress, but also requires and allows to find fuses that provide security guarantees.And this is directly related to the worldviews formation and development, moral principles that unite people. We and the next generations must not forget the Chernobyl tragedy, which took place in a picturesque corner of Ukraine and caused many disasters for our people. This catastrophe is a warning both Ukraine and the entire international community. Mankind must draw conclusions from this experience and prevent similar catastrophes in the future. ; В статье анализируются проблемы, которые возникли и были решены при участии военных частей бывшего Советского Союза и УССР в первые дни и месяцы после Чернобыльской катастрофы 1986 р. в значительной степени благодаря созданию особенной организационной структуры управления войсками. Освещается героизм и мужество военнослужащих, проявленные при ликвидации последствий самой масштабной аварии в истории атомной энергетики. ; У статті аналізуються проблеми, які постали та були розв'язані за участі військових частин колишніх Радянського Союзу й УРСР у перші дні та місяці після Чорнобильської катастрофи 1986 р. значною мірою завдяки створенню особливої організаційної структури управління військами. Висвітлюється героїзм та мужність військовослужбовців проявлені при ліквідації наслідків наймасштабнішої аварії в історії атомної енергетики.

The article analyzes the problems that arose and were solved with the participation of military units of the former Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR in the first days and months after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, largely due to the creation of a special organizational structure for troop management. The heroism and courage of the servicemen demonstrated during the liquidation of the consequences of the largest accident in nuclear energy are highlighted.Problem Statement. An accident that escalated into a large-scale catastrophe of humanitarian, environmental and economic nature. The aftermath of the Chernobyl disaster has provided Ukrainian military with invaluable experience that needs to be estimated.The Purpose lies in a comprehensive understanding of the place and significance of the Chornobyl catastrophe in the history of Ukraine and the participation of Ukrainian servicemen in the liquidation of the catastrophe.Research Methods. The following methods were used in the research process: comparative-historical and descriptive methods, content analysis and synthesis.Originality consists in the introduction into scientific circulation of new sources, highlighting the heroism and courage of the servicemen, shown in the elimination of the consequences of the greatest accident in nuclear energy.Conclusion. The echo of the Chornobyl catastrophe urges us to be vigilant. It makes us rethink that scientific and technological progress not only gives modern mankind the means to achieve the intended goals on the path of civilized progress, but also requires and allows to find fuses that provide security guarantees.And this is directly related to the worldviews formation and development, moral principles that unite people. We and the next generations must not forget the Chernobyl tragedy, which took place in a picturesque corner of Ukraine and caused many disasters for our people. This catastrophe is a warning both Ukraine and the entire international community. Mankind must draw conclusions from this experience and prevent similar catastrophes in the future. ; В статье анализируются проблемы, которые возникли и были решены при участии военных частей бывшего Советского Союза и УССР в первые дни и месяцы после Чернобыльской катастрофы 1986 р. в значительной степени благодаря созданию особенной организационной структуры управления войсками. Освещается героизм и мужество военнослужащих, проявленные при ликвидации последствий самой масштабной аварии в истории атомной энергетики. ; У статті аналізуються проблеми, які постали та були розв'язані за участі військових частин колишніх Радянського Союзу й УРСР у перші дні та місяці після Чорнобильської катастрофи 1986 р. значною мірою завдяки створенню особливої організаційної структури управління військами. Висвітлюється героїзм та мужність військовослужбовців проявлені при ліквідації наслідків наймасштабнішої аварії в історії атомної енергетики.

The article analyses the peculiarities of the coverage of the covid pandemic in the Ukrainian media, the emphasis placed by the media in news, and how the online mode of modern life and social distancing affects the growth of media influence.Special attention is paid to the view of the famous publicist Heorhii Pocheptsov, who does not exclude the possibility that the coronavirus was invented intentionally to control millions of people around the world.Permanently, the world faces numerous challenges of different scales: economic, military, socio-political, environmental, epidemiological ones.In 2020, the largest and the most unexpected event, undoubtedly, was the deadly coronavirus pandemic, which spread from the small Chinese province of Wuhan to the whole world and already took more than one million people's lives in less than a year.Thus, the media, that in the post-information society actually have an unprecedented impact on people, form a person's perception of such challenges. As a result, our understanding of the pandemic is directly related to the information we consume from the media.In fact, from the very start of quarantine, the media space began to be captured by analytical materials in which experts from various fields tried to predict what the world would be like after the end of coronavirus.These experts were of two types: some claimed that irreversible changes would deepen the permanent economic and socio-political crisis, and by claiming that they intensified panic, while others argued that any crisis is a chance to restart and grow.The experts put different emphases covering the covid pandemic in the media, but it is important to pay attention to the analysis of the famous publicist, propaganda researcher – Heorhii Pocheptsov, who sees the coronavirus as a tool to influence millions of people.The pandemic will end sooner or later, but no matter whether the virus was artificially invented or not, the processes that have already been launched around the world cannot stop as if nothing had happened. But Heorhii Pocheptsov's opinion about the possible artificial nature of the virus should make us more vigilant while consuming information from TVs or from the online media, as it is possible that this information might be a part of a great game that we were not warned about.Keywords: Сovid 19, pandemic, virtual reality, media influence, mass consciousness. ; У статті проаналізовано особливості висвітлення пандемії коронавірусу в українських засобах масової інформації, акценти, які ставлять медіа, а також те, як поглиблення онлайну, дистанціювання людей впливає на зростання впливу ЗМІ. Особливу увагу у статті зосереджено на поглядах відомого публіциста Георгія Почепцова, який не виключає, що коронавірус винайдений навмисно, з метою контролю за мільйонами людей в усьому світі.Ключові слова: коронавірус, пандемія, віртуальна реальність, вплив медіа, масова свідомість.

У розвідці здійснено спробу розкриття соціально-правового статусу і престижності праці науково-педагогічних кадрів, низку привілеїв, що надалися викладачам вищої школи в умовах Російської і Австро-Угорської імперій. З'ясовано рівень матеріального й соціального забезпечення, національні, соціальні та гендерні особливості професорсько-викладацького складу. Здійснено поліаспектний аналіз студентського контингенту, схарактеризовано правове становище вихованців вищих навчальних закладів. Проаналізовано реалізацію учасниками педагогічного процесу у вищій школі України на початку ХХ століття низки академічних, корпоративних, громадянських та політичних прав, права соціального захисту. ; The article reveals the development of the legal status of participants of the pedagogical process in the higher school on the territory of Ukraine at the beginning of the XX century. A number of duties of the teacher of higher school, relevant for the teaching staff of the Russian and Austrian empires are distinguished, in particular: to have the corresponding scientific degree and professional qualification; to realize the high social mission of the scientist, to be the leader of the national (state) policy in the field of higher education, to take an active part in the life of the higher education institution and to be involved in the development of a strategy for the development of higher education; to provide the appropriate scientific and methodological level of teaching, to prepare articles, monographs, reviews, to conduct the guidance of dissertations of the applicants of scientific degrees; to care about professional self-improvement (foreign internships, conferences, work in scientific societies); to carry out an educational function among the population. The complex of rights, inherent for teachers of education institutions on the territory of Ukraine, is generalized, namely: academic (in the sense of the implementation of the freedom of teaching and scientific creativity), corporate (participation in meetings of collegial and advisory bodies), civil and political (freedom of speech and conscience, protection of own honor and dignity, the right to choose and be elected to bodies of state power and local government), the right of social protection (for decent wages, pension provision and sufficient life level). It is proved that the stabilization of the legal personality of the teachers of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the XX century was not made possible by the strict censorship of teaching aids, the verification of "political trustworthiness" of the content of training courses and dissertations, vigilant police surveillance, etc. The list of duties and opportunities for students to realize academic, corporate, civil and political rights, social protection rights, peculiarities of emancipation processes in the student environment, successes and failures of youth in overcoming social, national, gender discrimination in the conditions of the Russian and Austrian empires are found out. The significance of positive and negative motivation for strengthening the legal status of student youth and ensuring versatile personality development are revealed.

Problem setting: According to the domestic legislation the state fully assumed the responsibility of investigating crimes and finding the perpetrators of these crimes, eliminating the possibility of personal revenge of a victim before a criminal (vigilante). However, these tasks can only be performed if you implement at least two complementary mechanisms: the attraction of guilty persons to criminal liability and compensation for harm to a physical person, which is suffered as a result of a criminal offense. The last movement, for a number of reasons, is imperfect and inefficient, and therefore extremely problematic for today's law enforcement practices. Relevance of the research topic: For the victim of a criminal offence and the personality important is the reality and the amount of compensation of such harm, both criteria depend directly on the effectiveness and timeliness designed to ensure such compensation enforcement actions. However, due to the large percentage of unsolved crimes victims do not receive any reparation for their offence harm that is not consistent with the norms of the Civil code of Ukraine, which regulate relations in the sphere of compensation of harm not only national legislation but international legal acts ratified by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.Recent research and publications analysis: Analysis of recent research gives reason to believe that the affected problems has been the subject of research of such scientists as A. S. Alexandrov, L. M. Baranov, V. T. Bezlepkin, There.In. Blinkova, P. G. Gureev, From.With. Saturn, V. T. Nord, S. I. Ostapenko, S. Is. Sirotenko and others. However, the update of the regulatory material, in particular amendments to the Civil code ofUkraine, adoption of the new Criminal procedural code ofUkraine, can not affect scientific and practical interest in the conditions of modernity.Paper objective: Need clarification in the scope of reparation by the state physical person, the victim of a criminal offence and the right of recourse of the state to the person in fault.Paper main body: in the Civil code ofUkraine refers to the General obligation of States to compensate damage caused by a criminal offence, under appropriate conditions, however, the amount of such compensation is not specified. Therefore, as a General rule it can be argued that the harm must be compensated in full. Norms of civil legislation do not accidentally indicate that the conditions and procedure for compensation of harm caused a criminal offence determined by law, i.e. it is assumed that a special law may contain certain reservations and exceptions to the General rules of compensation for damage provided for in the Civil code ofUkraine. Limits on the amount of compensation by state for damage caused by a criminal offence, is quite fair, because the state cannot reimburse all the damage or injury, subject to certain conditions. Otherwise, individuals not to resort to methods of reducing loss in different situations, for example, individuals do not need to insure the property against criminal attacks because the government will reimburse. Civilni code of Ukraine provides that the person to compensate for damage caused by another person, has the right of return claim (regress) to a guilty person in the amount of the paid compensation if other size is not established by law, must be established wines of a particular tortfeasor in committing a crime. That is, the right of recourse of the state to the person in fault should be implemented only after determining in its actions of structure of a crime by a court that has gained legal force, because in the process of recognition of the person accused in the case, her guilt is not yet proven.Conclusions of the research: for the normal regulation of legal relations in this sphere should pass a law that would provide for: the scope, boundary limits of indemnity and the dependence of its size on material situation of the victim, as a guarantee of observance of the principle of social justice, the establishment of the order of the subrogation claim of the state to a person who has committed a criminal offence ; Рассмотрены проблемы реализации прав потерпевших лиц от преступления на возмещение вреда государством по законодательству Украины. Проведен анализ действующего гражданского законодательства Украины, которое регламентирует отношения по возмещению вреда государством лицу, потерпевшему от уголовного правонарушения, рассмотрены вопросы объема возмещения вреда государством, их предельные границы, зависимость размера возмещения от материального состояния потерпевшего, как гарантии соблюдения принципа социальной справедливости, установление порядка регрессного требования государства к лицу, совершившему уголовное правонарушение. ; Досліджено проблеми реалізації прав потерпілих осіб від злочину на відшкодування шкоди державою за законодавством України, а також чинне цивільне законодавство України, що регламентує відносини з відшкодування шкоди державою особі, яка потерпіла від кримінального правопорушення. Розглянуто питання обсягу відшкодування шкоди державою, їх граничні межі, залежність розміру відшкодування від матеріального становища потерпілого як гарантії дотримання принципу соціальної справедливості, встановлення порядку регресної вимоги держави до особи, яка вчинила кримінальне правопорушення

Problem setting: According to the domestic legislation the state fully assumed the responsibility of investigating crimes and finding the perpetrators of these crimes, eliminating the possibility of personal revenge of a victim before a criminal (vigilante). However, these tasks can only be performed if you implement at least two complementary mechanisms: the attraction of guilty persons to criminal liability and compensation for harm to a physical person, which is suffered as a result of a criminal offense. The last movement, for a number of reasons, is imperfect and inefficient, and therefore extremely problematic for today's law enforcement practices. Relevance of the research topic: For the victim of a criminal offence and the personality important is the reality and the amount of compensation of such harm, both criteria depend directly on the effectiveness and timeliness designed to ensure such compensation enforcement actions. However, due to the large percentage of unsolved crimes victims do not receive any reparation for their offence harm that is not consistent with the norms of the Civil code of Ukraine, which regulate relations in the sphere of compensation of harm not only national legislation but international legal acts ratified by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.Recent research and publications analysis: Analysis of recent research gives reason to believe that the affected problems has been the subject of research of such scientists as A. S. Alexandrov, L. M. Baranov, V. T. Bezlepkin, There.In. Blinkova, P. G. Gureev, From.With. Saturn, V. T. Nord, S. I. Ostapenko, S. Is. Sirotenko and others. However, the update of the regulatory material, in particular amendments to the Civil code ofUkraine, adoption of the new Criminal procedural code ofUkraine, can not affect scientific and practical interest in the conditions of modernity.Paper objective: Need clarification in the scope of reparation by the state physical person, the victim of a criminal offence and the right of recourse of the state to the person in fault.Paper main body: in the Civil code ofUkraine refers to the General obligation of States to compensate damage caused by a criminal offence, under appropriate conditions, however, the amount of such compensation is not specified. Therefore, as a General rule it can be argued that the harm must be compensated in full. Norms of civil legislation do not accidentally indicate that the conditions and procedure for compensation of harm caused a criminal offence determined by law, i.e. it is assumed that a special law may contain certain reservations and exceptions to the General rules of compensation for damage provided for in the Civil code ofUkraine. Limits on the amount of compensation by state for damage caused by a criminal offence, is quite fair, because the state cannot reimburse all the damage or injury, subject to certain conditions. Otherwise, individuals not to resort to methods of reducing loss in different situations, for example, individuals do not need to insure the property against criminal attacks because the government will reimburse. Civilni code of Ukraine provides that the person to compensate for damage caused by another person, has the right of return claim (regress) to a guilty person in the amount of the paid compensation if other size is not established by law, must be established wines of a particular tortfeasor in committing a crime. That is, the right of recourse of the state to the person in fault should be implemented only after determining in its actions of structure of a crime by a court that has gained legal force, because in the process of recognition of the person accused in the case, her guilt is not yet proven.Conclusions of the research: for the normal regulation of legal relations in this sphere should pass a law that would provide for: the scope, boundary limits of indemnity and the dependence of its size on material situation of the victim, as a guarantee of observance of the principle of social justice, the establishment of the order of the subrogation claim of the state to a person who has committed a criminal offence ; Рассмотрены проблемы реализации прав потерпевших лиц от преступления на возмещение вреда государством по законодательству Украины. Проведен анализ действующего гражданского законодательства Украины, которое регламентирует отношения по возмещению вреда государством лицу, потерпевшему от уголовного правонарушения, рассмотрены вопросы объема возмещения вреда государством, их предельные границы, зависимость размера возмещения от материального состояния потерпевшего, как гарантии соблюдения принципа социальной справедливости, установление порядка регрессного требования государства к лицу, совершившему уголовное правонарушение. ; Досліджено проблеми реалізації прав потерпілих осіб від злочину на відшкодування шкоди державою за законодавством України, а також чинне цивільне законодавство України, що регламентує відносини з відшкодування шкоди державою особі, яка потерпіла від кримінального правопорушення. Розглянуто питання обсягу відшкодування шкоди державою, їх граничні межі, залежність розміру відшкодування від матеріального становища потерпілого як гарантії дотримання принципу соціальної справедливості, встановлення порядку регресної вимоги держави до особи, яка вчинила кримінальне правопорушення

Problem setting: According to the domestic legislation the state fully assumed the responsibility of investigating crimes and finding the perpetrators of these crimes, eliminating the possibility of personal revenge of a victim before a criminal (vigilante). However, these tasks can only be performed if you implement at least two complementary mechanisms: the attraction of guilty persons to criminal liability and compensation for harm to a physical person, which is suffered as a result of a criminal offense. The last movement, for a number of reasons, is imperfect and inefficient, and therefore extremely problematic for today's law enforcement practices. Relevance of the research topic: For the victim of a criminal offence and the personality important is the reality and the amount of compensation of such harm, both criteria depend directly on the effectiveness and timeliness designed to ensure such compensation enforcement actions. However, due to the large percentage of unsolved crimes victims do not receive any reparation for their offence harm that is not consistent with the norms of the Civil code of Ukraine, which regulate relations in the sphere of compensation of harm not only national legislation but international legal acts ratified by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.Recent research and publications analysis: Analysis of recent research gives reason to believe that the affected problems has been the subject of research of such scientists as A. S. Alexandrov, L. M. Baranov, V. T. Bezlepkin, There.In. Blinkova, P. G. Gureev, From.With. Saturn, V. T. Nord, S. I. Ostapenko, S. Is. Sirotenko and others. However, the update of the regulatory material, in particular amendments to the Civil code ofUkraine, adoption of the new Criminal procedural code ofUkraine, can not affect scientific and practical interest in the conditions of modernity.Paper objective: Need clarification in the scope of reparation by the state physical person, the victim of a criminal offence and the right of recourse of the state to the person in fault.Paper main body: in the Civil code ofUkraine refers to the General obligation of States to compensate damage caused by a criminal offence, under appropriate conditions, however, the amount of such compensation is not specified. Therefore, as a General rule it can be argued that the harm must be compensated in full. Norms of civil legislation do not accidentally indicate that the conditions and procedure for compensation of harm caused a criminal offence determined by law, i.e. it is assumed that a special law may contain certain reservations and exceptions to the General rules of compensation for damage provided for in the Civil code ofUkraine. Limits on the amount of compensation by state for damage caused by a criminal offence, is quite fair, because the state cannot reimburse all the damage or injury, subject to certain conditions. Otherwise, individuals not to resort to methods of reducing loss in different situations, for example, individuals do not need to insure the property against criminal attacks because the government will reimburse. Civilni code of Ukraine provides that the person to compensate for damage caused by another person, has the right of return claim (regress) to a guilty person in the amount of the paid compensation if other size is not established by law, must be established wines of a particular tortfeasor in committing a crime. That is, the right of recourse of the state to the person in fault should be implemented only after determining in its actions of structure of a crime by a court that has gained legal force, because in the process of recognition of the person accused in the case, her guilt is not yet proven.Conclusions of the research: for the normal regulation of legal relations in this sphere should pass a law that would provide for: the scope, boundary limits of indemnity and the dependence of its size on material situation of the victim, as a guarantee of observance of the principle of social justice, the establishment of the order of the subrogation claim of the state to a person who has committed a criminal offence ; Рассмотрены проблемы реализации прав потерпевших лиц от преступления на возмещение вреда государством по законодательству Украины. Проведен анализ действующего гражданского законодательства Украины, которое регламентирует отношения по возмещению вреда государством лицу, потерпевшему от уголовного правонарушения, рассмотрены вопросы объема возмещения вреда государством, их предельные границы, зависимость размера возмещения от материального состояния потерпевшего, как гарантии соблюдения принципа социальной справедливости, установление порядка регрессного требования государства к лицу, совершившему уголовное правонарушение. ; Досліджено проблеми реалізації прав потерпілих осіб від злочину на відшкодування шкоди державою за законодавством України, а також чинне цивільне законодавство України, що регламентує відносини з відшкодування шкоди державою особі, яка потерпіла від кримінального правопорушення. Розглянуто питання обсягу відшкодування шкоди державою, їх граничні межі, залежність розміру відшкодування від матеріального становища потерпілого як гарантії дотримання принципу соціальної справедливості, встановлення порядку регресної вимоги держави до особи, яка вчинила кримінальне правопорушення