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ill., 24 cm ; A cemetery of more than 100 barrows is located at Świelubie, near the 9th c. stronghold of Bardy lying south of Kołobrzeg in Western Pomerania. In six of the 36 graves that were explored, containing both male and female burials, the grave goods consisted of typically Scandinavian objects. For a long time the discovery posed a problem that was also political in its nature. Author revisits the Scandinavian finds from Świelubie and discusses their cultural attribution and chronology. A close study of the artifacts identified the burials as of Swedes with ties to the trade emporium of Birka on Mälaren lake in central Sweden; the dating of the finds points to the 2nd half of the 9th c. ; il., 24 cm ; W pobliżu dziewiątowiecznego grodu w Bardach, na południe od Kołobrzegu, na Pomorzu Zachodnim, w miejscowości Świelubie, znajduje się cmentarzysko składające się z ponad stu kurhanów, spośród których zbadano trzydzieści sześć. W sześciu z nich, kobiecych i męskich, były przedmioty typowe dla Skandynawów. Znaleziska te przez długi czas stanowiły problem nie tylko badawczy, ale i polityczny. Artykuł jest poświęcony skandynawskim przedmiotom ze Świelubia, ich przynależności kulturowej i chronologii. Studium pozwoliło ustalić, że pochowani byli Szwedami, mającymi związek z handlowym emporium Birka na jeziorze Mälaren w środkowej Szwecji; datowanie grobów wskazuje na 2 poł. IX w.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The scientific goal of the article is to analyze traffic safety policy, in a problem-chronological perspective, as part of the Swedish "welfare state" model, with particular emphasis on internal political and social factors.THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: In exploring the issues of road safety in Sweden, the author used a functionalist approach to examine the relationship of political forces affecting their shape. The genetic method has allowed to mention qualitative factors that are the foundations of Swedish policy. Institutional and normative approach with regard to the characteristics of decision-making processes, law-making processes resulted in a system analysis in line with the theoretical model proposed by David Easton. Each stage of the legislative process has been followed – from the change initiative to the entry intoforce of the "Vision Zero". The method of content analysis and the institutional and legal method served to illustrate the role that it has for Sweden for 20 years.THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Ensuring broadly understood, multi-tasked road traffic safety is today a prerequisite for harmonious economic and social development of the country (for example, due to the cost of treatment of accident victims, but also the legitimacy of authority, whose task is to ensure safety).RESEARCH RESULTS: The necessity of introducing a nationwide road safety strategy was convinced by all the groups that sat in the Swedish parliament in 1997 (as evidenced by its voting through acclamation). The consolidation attitude of many social groups, institutions and individual road users, promoted by the Vision Zero, resulted in considerable successes. First of all, the number of fatalities in road accidents in 1997-2012 dropped by 48%. At the same time, the number of people who suffered minor injuries in the same period as a result of road accidents has increased. This testifies to the correct decisions of Swedish strategists who were already well aware in 1997 that it is impossible to eliminate accidents as such (which is why they focused on reducing the most tragic effects).CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The Vision of Zero, which is now a general philosophy of approach to road safety issues in Sweden, thanks to its efficiency and effectiveness has become not only a source of pride on the part of the Swedes themselves. Few (Sweden's population for the first time reached a ceiling of 10 million inhabitants in January 2017), although the very innovative Swedish society developed an innovative model of cooperation between private and public sector entities as well as every single user of transport infrastructure that contributed to the radical decline the number of accidents resulting in death or serious injury. Thus, once again, the descendants of the Vikings became a role model for other nations – both among European Union countries and on a global scale.