Suchergebnisse

Women; violence against; law and legislation

The article deals with the problems of criminal law counteraction to violent crimes against the order of management. Attention is focused on the high social danger of these crimes, due to the peculiarities of the object of criminal encroachment, while the danger of crimes differs taking into account various forms of violence. A subspecies of crimes against the order of management related to the use of violence against subjects of managerial activity, responsibility for which is provided for in Articles 317, 318, Part 2 of Article 320, Part 2, 3 of Article 321 of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation. The forms of violence and their features are defined. It is proposed to recognize that in the dispositions of the articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation, a plurality of concepts is used to define violence in crimes against the order of governance: encroachment; violence not dangerous to life and health; violence dangerous to life and health; threat of violence; grave consequences. Taking into account the practice of the Supreme Court of Russian Federation, the content of each of the forms of violence is determined. Some controversial issues of the qualification of crimes are considered. ; В статье рассматриваются проблемы уголовно-правового противодействия насильственным преступлениям против порядка управления. Акцентировано внимание на высокой общественной опасности этих преступлений, обусловленной особенностями объекта преступного посягательства, при этом опасность преступлений различается с учетом различных форм насилия. Выделен подвид преступлений против порядка управления связанных с применением насилия в отношении субъектов управленческой деятельности, ответственность за совершение которых предусмотрена ст. 317, 318, ч. 2 ст. 320, ч. 2 и 3 ст. 321 УК РФ. Определены формы насилия и их особенности. Предлагается признать, что в диспозициях статей Особенной части УК РФ используется множественность понятий для определения насилия в преступлениях против порядка управления: посягательство; насилие, не опасное для жизни и здоровья; насилие, опасное для жизни и здоровья; угроза применения насилия; тяжкие последствия. С учетом позиций Верховного Суда РФ определено содержание каждой из форм насилия. Рассмотрены отдельные спорные вопросы квалификации преступлений.

The object of this master thesis is the problem of domestic violence against women. The goal of this thesis is to identify international legal standards in the field of combating domestic violence against women and ways to implement these standards in national legislation on the example of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania. The main tasks of the thesis are: to define the concept of domestic violence; define the importance of combating domestic violence; track the evolution of standards for combating domestic violence; to define the existing international legal standards for combating domestic violence at the universal and regional levels; find out how international legal standards on combating domestic violence against women are implemented in national legislation on the example of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania; identify problematic aspects of national legislation related to the regulation of combating domestic violence and propose changes based on established international standards in this area. The usage of such methods as sociological, feminist, and evolutionary, analysis, synthesis, deduction, and comparative legal method led to a conclusion that over the past few decades, there has been a radical transformation in the international community's attitude towards violence against women, including domestic violence. The consolidation of guarantees of protection against domestic violence against women at the international level, as well as the development of jurisprudence on this issue, have played a huge role in shaping international standards related to this problem. To eradicate domestic violence, it is necessary to require states to fulfill positive obligations to prevent domestic violence, and the adoption of a specialized law is the first step to combat domestic violence by complying with international obligations.

The object of this master thesis is the problem of domestic violence against women. The goal of this thesis is to identify international legal standards in the field of combating domestic violence against women and ways to implement these standards in national legislation on the example of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania. The main tasks of the thesis are: to define the concept of domestic violence; define the importance of combating domestic violence; track the evolution of standards for combating domestic violence; to define the existing international legal standards for combating domestic violence at the universal and regional levels; find out how international legal standards on combating domestic violence against women are implemented in national legislation on the example of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania; identify problematic aspects of national legislation related to the regulation of combating domestic violence and propose changes based on established international standards in this area. The usage of such methods as sociological, feminist, and evolutionary, analysis, synthesis, deduction, and comparative legal method led to a conclusion that over the past few decades, there has been a radical transformation in the international community's attitude towards violence against women, including domestic violence. The consolidation of guarantees of protection against domestic violence against women at the international level, as well as the development of jurisprudence on this issue, have played a huge role in shaping international standards related to this problem. To eradicate domestic violence, it is necessary to require states to fulfill positive obligations to prevent domestic violence, and the adoption of a specialized law is the first step to combat domestic violence by complying with international obligations.

The article analyzes the phenomenon of marital violence. The empirical object of the study is the population of the Republic of Mordovia. The purpose of the study is to assess the current situation and identify the main factors and causes of domestic violence against spouses.
The authors consider the types and forms of marital violence, the level and frequency of abuse, and the determinants of family violence.
As part of the sociological research, a survey of residents aged 18 and older was conducted. The sample size was 384 people, the representative features were gender, age, place of residence. The gender and age structure of the respondents corresponds to the structure of the region's population. A quantitative method was used as a tool for collecting primary information — an individual
face-to-face interview at the respondent's place of residence using a paper questionnaire (PAPI) and a CAWI survey using an interactive questionnaire in the proportion of 30 to 70 %, respectively.
It was revealed that more than half of the residents have not experienced domestic violence and categorically deny spousal violence, considering it unacceptable and unacceptable.
It is determined marital violence in most cases manifests itself in various forms of mental violence: withholding, verbal aggression, aggressive dominant behavior, manifested in a ban on communication with friends or girlfriends. Economic abuse manifests itself in the infringement of the opportunity to purchase clothes, food and have personal running expenses. Physical and sexual violence is less common between spouses and partners.
Based on the study, it was found that marital violence is caused by subjective factors (family interaction practices, financial status, and alcohol consumption) that contribute to the reproduction and spread of abuse

Women; violence against; West Bank

The article is devoted to domestic (family) violence in modern Russian society. The problem of domestic violence has long ceased to be an individual's problem. It harms not only the victim, but also the state and society as a whole. Every year in Russia, 14,000 women die at the hands of their husbands. In Russia, domestic violence was first officially reported in the early 1990s. It is necessary to take into account the fact that in the past centuries the patriarchal family dominated, in which women occupied subordinate positions. The woman had to obey her husband unquestioningly and endure the beatings. Children were brought up in the same way. Corporal punishment was mandatory in the family. There is no specific law against domestic violence in our country. Domestic violence also abhors moral and ethical values.

The authors looked at causes, varieties, statistics, cycles, the effects of domestic violence and ways to prevent domestic abuse in modern society. There are several forms of violence: physical, psychological, sexual and economic. The consequences of domestic violence are: self-harm, mental disorders, sleep disturbances, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, alcohol or drug use, etc. Properly coordinated work by health care, law enforcement, and social services agencies can play an important role in preventing domestic violence. At the same time, both individual and general social prevention with young people should be carried out in order to prevent domestic violence and, of course, to introduce a law against domestic violence.

The author of this study focuses on the problem of violence against women who found themselves in difficult situations and were sexually abused during the civil war in Colombia. The study is centered around construction of the victims' images in the publications of transnational, national and regional media (New York Times, Time, Vice, El Tiempo, El Espectador, El Colombiana). The author concludes that the mass media play a significant role in raising public awareness referring to violence against women in Colombia, and contribute to the development of an image of a woman who is ready to fight for her rights and help others. ; Автор данного исследования сосредотачивается на проблеме насилия в отношении женщин, оказавшихся в сложной жизненной ситуации и подвергшихся сексуальной эксплуатации в период гражданской войны в Колумбии. В центре внимания — конструирование образа женщины-жертвы в изданиях транснационального, национального и регионального масштаба (New York Times, Time, Vice, El Tiempo, El Espectador, El Colombiana). Автор приходит к выводу, что средства массовой информации играют серьезную роль в повышении уровня общественной осведомленности относительно проблемы насилия в стране, а также способствуют формированию образа женщины, готовой бороться за свои права и помогать другим.