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As part of an effort to grapple with the meaning of violence, Hannah Arendt argued that it was curious how infrequently violence was taken up for special consideration in conversations of history and politics, remarking that "this shows to what an extent violence and its arbitrariness were taken for granted and therefore neglected; no one questions or examines what is obvious to all" (8). While we are not suggesting that violence has eluded the critical eye in the time since Arendt's argument, there is something remarkably resonant about the idea that violence is taken-for-granted as part of human existence, and thus—for privileged citizens protected from its affects—invisible. In this issue, the contributors explore how violence continues to define and shape social, political, and cultural terrains. In what follows, we explore what it means to talk about violence and follow this with a general introduction to the pieces in this special issue that tease out the various locations of violence and its representations across different spaces.

This article aims to mainstream gender into the measurement of violence, in order to assist the development of the theory of change needed to support actions to end violence. It addresses the division between gender-neutral and women-only strategies of data collection that is failing to deliver the quality evidence needed to address the extent and distribution of violence, developing a better operationalisation of the concepts of gender and violence for statistical analysis, and producing a checklist of criteria to assess the quality of statistics on gendered violence. It assesses the strengths and weakness of surveys linked to two contrasting theoretical perspectives: the Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA) Survey of Violence Against Women and the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW). It shows how the FRA Survey fails and how the ONS has limited the potential of the CSEW. It therefore offers a solution with a short questionnaire that is fit for purpose as well as ways of analysing data that escape the current polarisation.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- The Aftermath of a Violent Death -- Chapter One A Problem Close to Home -- Risk Factors -- Poverty -- Traditional Social Values -- Alcohol and Drug Abuse -- Other Factors -- Discipline, Punishment, and Domestic Violence -- Smarter, Safer Punishment and Discipline -- Types of Abuse -- Corporal Punishment -- Who Are the Victims? -- Victims of Child Abuse -- Victims of Spousal Abuse and Partner Abuse -- Victims of Elder Abuse -- Chapter Two Recognizing Abusers and Abuse -- Who Are the Abusers? -- Why Abuse Happens -- The Abuser Profile -- Domestic Violence Is a Crime -- Prosecuting Spousal and Partner Abuse -- Child Abuse and the Law -- Taking Action Against Domestic Violence -- A Place to Go -- Chapter Three Putting an End to Domestic Violence -- Steps to Ending Violence -- Intervention -- The Safety Plan -- Emergency 911 -- Control of Information -- Chapter Four Victims Take Back the Power -- What Happens When You Tell? -- Dating Violence -- Is Your Relationship Heading for Trouble? -- The Painful Aftermath of Abuse -- Domestic Violence Traps -- Glossary -- For More Information -- Web Sites -- For Further Reading -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the Author -- Photo Credits

Résumé Cet article évoque une affaire criminelle qui s'est déroulée au milieu du xviii e siècle, dans la ville de Laval en Mayenne, consécutive à des violences faites la nuit, par des jeunes gens en bande, que les documents judiciaires de l'époque appellent des « coureurs de nuit ». Ce fait divers permet de réfléchir sur les violences urbaines et leur signification. En étudiant les diverses pièces de procédure (la plainte, les rapports d'experts, surtout les témoignages), on peut suivre les différentes étapes d'un procès criminel mais on peut également établir les faits. Une « course nocturne », si elle se traduit inévitablement par une agression, respecte des règles (notamment faire le maximum de bruit pour effrayer les habitants), comme si les jeunes gens se pliaient à une sorte de rituel recommencé de génération en génération. La clémence des jugements rendus et les remarques faites par un magistrat sur les raisons de cette attitude confortent l'idée que cette violence est considérée comme faisant partie des débordements traditionnels de la jeunesse et ne remet pas en cause l'ordre social. Les jeunes gens violents d'une nuit prendront plus tard toute leur place dans la société.

The problem of violence in American culture has been a subject of increasing concern during the past two decades. In the fifties, there was rampant the school of "consensus" history writing, which tended to deny the existence of conflicts about basic issues in American history. More recently, the past has been portrayed in an entirely different light: Conflict, and particularly violent conflict, are seen as having been virtually endemic. Against the background of violent crime and civil disturbance, several presidential commissions have investigated violence, and they usually emerge with the conclusion that Americans are a peculiarly violent people. The atrocities of the Vietnam war, and police and ghetto violence, have led many to wonder at the same time whether the alleged merits of the American political system are as great as its defenders have insisted.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter One The Evolution of Gun Violence -- Early Man with Great Aim -- Evolution of the Gun -- Gunpowder in Weapons -- Muskets -- An Arsenal of Weapons -- Chapter Two The History of Gun Laws -- Early Rights Established and Upheld -- The Boston Massacre -- What Do You Think? -- It's All About Meaning -- 1857-Dred Scott v. Sandford -- 1939-U.S. v. Miller -- Gun Rights Today -- Chapter Three Guns in Your World -- School Safety -- Watch What You See -- Don't Delay -- Guns in the Home -- Chapter Four Gun Violence and the Future -- Greenleaf, Idaho -- Getting Active About Gun Violence -- National and Local Pledges -- Glossary -- For More Information -- Web Sites -- For Further Reading -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the Author -- Photo Credits

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Exposure to Violence in the Community: Differential Vulnerability, Diagnoses and Interventions -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Vulnerability, Risk and Victimization: Concepts and Contexts -- Exposure to Violence and Age -- Exposure to Violence and Gender -- Exposure to Violence in the Community and Local Security Diagnosis Studies -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence: Prevalence and Characteristics -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Research Procedures -- Criteria for Inclusion and Exclusion -- Selection of Articles -- Results -- Empirical Studies on the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence -- Characteristics of the Samples/Participants -- Recruitment Context and Sampling Process -- Data from Studies of Prevalence of Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence and Major Outcomes -- Main Goals -- Main Results of Prevalence Studies with Mixed Samples -- Main Results of Prevalence Studies with Men Samples -- Main Results of Prevalence Studies with Women Samples -- Data on the Risk Factors Associated with the Phenomenon of Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence and Major Outcomes -- Main Goals -- Main Results -- Review Articles -- Conclusion -- Limitations -- Future Research -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Dispositional Mindfulness -- Abstract -- Mindfulness and Psychological Adjustment Indicators -- Mindfulness Measurement Considerations -- Mindfulness Developmental Antecedents -- Aims -- Method -- Participants and Procedure -- Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) -- Developmental Predictors -- Childhood Maltreatment Indicators -- Violent Experiences Questionnaire -- Sexual Abuse and Assault Self-Report -- Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST).

In recent years, urban violence has worsened the living conditions of people in El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala. Very often, men, women and children leave not in search of a better life but simply in order to survive. Territorial conflict between the gangs is continual. The violence, fear and mistrust sown by the gangs eventually erode the social fabric and the little commercial initiative that remains in these places. For many, migration is the only option. In some regions of these countries, gang rule is absolute and young people are extremely vulnerable to forced recruitment into the gangs. Adolescents are continually intimidated and subjected to violence, pressurised into joining the gangs or working for them as drug pushers or in other roles. A recurrent theme in out-migration is the large number of children forced to leave their countries, exposing them to the dangerous conditions of the journey. Some families prefer to see their sons and daughters exiled rather than risk them being killed or forced into a life of crime. But the violence continues along the migration route. This violence is little different from the violence they face in their own countries. Adapted from the source document.