В статье исследуется категориальный аппарат современного уголовного права России, используемый в законотворческой и правоприменительной практике противодействия насильственным преступлениям. Особое внимание уделено юридико-догматическому анализу видов насилия, соотношению понятий физического насилия и угрозы его применения, законодательной классификации насильственных преступлений и отдельным вопросам их квалификации. ; In the article categorial apparatus of modern criminal law of Russia, that is used in legislation and law enforcement practice of counteraction to crimes of violence is researched. Special attention is paid to juridical and dogmatic analysis of types of violence, correlation of definitions of physical violence and threat of its use, legislative classification of crimes of violence and separate questions of its qualification.
The subject. The algorithm of qualification of beatings is researched taking into account changes in the Russian legislation of Russia on the protection of bodily integrity of a person. The author studies the norms of Russian criminal and administrative legislation in the field of protection of human bodily integrity and practical issues that have emerged in this regard.The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis of a complex (not obvious to the law enforcement officer) process of qualification of violent actions that caused physical pain, but did not cause harm to human health, due to the multi-level competition of legal norms.The methodological basis of the study is the general scientific dialectical-materialistic approach based on the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. Logical, system-structural, concrete sociological and comparative legal methods are also used. The research materials are data from judicial practice on liability for beatings and related crimes. The main results, scope of application. Beatings are considered as violence that is not dangerous to life or health. The norms that can be applied when the perpetrator commits the corresponding violent actions are identified. The differences between beatings and lawful infliction of harm, minor acts, and attempted crimes are shown. A distinction is made with related elements of crimes against life and health, constitutional rights and freedoms, interests of minors, property, etc. The presentation is based on the author's systematization of the rules for qualifying beatings and taking into account the sequence of steps for making the final decision by the law enforcement officer. The results of the research may be applied in higher legal education, further academic researches concerning beatings as well as in law enforcement practice of criminal investigations.Conclusions. The author explains the difficulties in qualifying beatings. The rules of legal assessment of violent actions that caused physical pain, but did not cause harm to health, in the competition of criminal law norms are shown. The algorithm for qualifying beatings according to the current legislation of Russia is derived. ; Исследуется алгоритм квалификации побоев с учетом изменений законодательства России об охране телесной неприкосновенности человека. Проводится отграничение побоев от правомерного причинения вреда, сложных единичных преступлений, малозначительного деяния. Рассматривается конкуренция норм уголовного и административного законодательства. Определяются правила квалификации по совокупности противоправных деяний.
The object of this master thesis is Russia's public policy in the sphere of domestic violence in the period 2017-2020. The goal of the thesis is to identify the characteristic features of Russia's public policy in the sphere of domestic violence in the period 2017-2020. The main tasks of the thesis: to conceptualize the basic political and social definitions in the framework of international use in the applied plane of the policy of the Russian Federation (public policy, non-democratic political culture, domestic violence, feminicide, gender discrimination); to identify the main actors lobbying and opposing the adoption of the draft law "On the prevention of domestic violence" and conduct its social and legal analysis; to identify the main legal documents protecting victims of domestic violence at the international level in comparison with existing documents ratified on the territory of the Russian Federation; to analyze Russian cases of victims of domestic violence to identify the formation of social patterns that influence the perception of this problem in the state and public field (the case of the Khachaturian sisters, Valeria Volodina, Shema Timagova); by using a gender prism, to carry out a discourse analysis of online documents in conjunction with an analysis of narrative in order to identify the characteristic features of the Russian public policy in the sphere of domestic violence. Empirical research is carried out in the tradition of qualitative methodology, using such methods as narrative analysis and discourse analysis. Chapter 2 of this thesis uses the method of document analysis using the example of the Draft Law "On the Prevention of Domestic Violence in the Russian Federation", and the master's work itself, which is an interdisciplinary study, is carried out through the prism of gender analysis. The specificity of public policy in the sphere of domestic violence in the Russian Federation lies in the authoritarianism of political culture with conservative patriarchal views on the institution of the family. It was revealed that due to the influence of the Russian Orthodox Church on the government in decision-making policy, the state cannot be secular. They indicated that the opponents of the draft law are expressing the concept of radical conservatism together with the ideas of national authenticity, deep intolerance towards supporters of feminism and gender ideology, refusal to ratify basic international documents, excluding the possibility of Russian society developing towards liberal trends. The liberal movement and lobbying of interests against feminicide are led by more female democratic actors
The object of this master thesis is Russia's public policy in the sphere of domestic violence in the period 2017-2020. The goal of the thesis is to identify the characteristic features of Russia's public policy in the sphere of domestic violence in the period 2017-2020. The main tasks of the thesis: to conceptualize the basic political and social definitions in the framework of international use in the applied plane of the policy of the Russian Federation (public policy, non-democratic political culture, domestic violence, feminicide, gender discrimination); to identify the main actors lobbying and opposing the adoption of the draft law "On the prevention of domestic violence" and conduct its social and legal analysis; to identify the main legal documents protecting victims of domestic violence at the international level in comparison with existing documents ratified on the territory of the Russian Federation; to analyze Russian cases of victims of domestic violence to identify the formation of social patterns that influence the perception of this problem in the state and public field (the case of the Khachaturian sisters, Valeria Volodina, Shema Timagova); by using a gender prism, to carry out a discourse analysis of online documents in conjunction with an analysis of narrative in order to identify the characteristic features of the Russian public policy in the sphere of domestic violence. Empirical research is carried out in the tradition of qualitative methodology, using such methods as narrative analysis and discourse analysis. Chapter 2 of this thesis uses the method of document analysis using the example of the Draft Law "On the Prevention of Domestic Violence in the Russian Federation", and the master's work itself, which is an interdisciplinary study, is carried out through the prism of gender analysis. The specificity of public policy in the sphere of domestic violence in the Russian Federation lies in the authoritarianism of political culture with conservative patriarchal views on the institution of the family. It was revealed that due to the influence of the Russian Orthodox Church on the government in decision-making policy, the state cannot be secular. They indicated that the opponents of the draft law are expressing the concept of radical conservatism together with the ideas of national authenticity, deep intolerance towards supporters of feminism and gender ideology, refusal to ratify basic international documents, excluding the possibility of Russian society developing towards liberal trends. The liberal movement and lobbying of interests against feminicide are led by more female democratic actors
Военная история сегодня – это не только подробный разбор стратегических планов и анализ тактических операций, описание крупномасштабных сражений и подробное изучение методов снабжения армий вооружением, обмундированием и провиантом. Военная история сегодня – это целое междисциплинарное направление, которое ориентируется на все аспекты жизни социума – политику и экономику, искусство и литературу, массовое сознание и повседневную жизнь. Война с её жестокостями и насилиями, победами и поражениями, массовой мобилизацией и военно-патриотической пропагандой является неотъемлемой частью общественной жизни и должна изучаться не изолированно, а именно в социальном контексте – таков подход современных историков к проблемам войны и мира.
Christopher Marlowe's "The Massacre at Paris" is dedicated to the tragic events of the St. Bartholomew's night and their context. It is one of the first evocation of the real political incidents on stage in a verbal and non-allegorical manner. Simultaneously, the tragedy is full of both stereotypes and political anti-Catholic mindsets (such as extreme cruelty, Machiavellianism, etc.) that had been shaping the image of the continental "Other" among the English people. Additionally, the play was one of the first bloody revenge tragedies in the Golden Age of English drama. Marlowe contributed to the formation of the macabre "vocabulary of horrors" that would become a set of tools for subsequent experiments in this genre. The research explores the development process of these images. The article presents fragments of a new Russian translation of "The Massacre at Paris", which, in the author's opinion, makes it possible to determine the playwright's attitudes as well as the contemporaries' perception of the play more precisely.The study was presented at the I All-Russian conference "Christopher Marlowe and His Literary Heritage in Russian and World Culture: An Interdisciplinary Look" (Moscow, June 22–23, 2018). The conference was held within the framework of the project supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (No. 18-012-00679). ; «Парижская резня» Кристофера Марло, посвященная трагичным событиям Варфоломеевской ночи и их контексту, — одно из первых воплощений на сцене реальных политических инцидентов в буквальной, а не аллегорической форме. Одновременно трагедия полна как стереотипов, так и политических антикатолических установок (таких как крайняя жестокость, макиавеллизм и т. д.), формировавших в глазах англичан образы континентального «другого». Кроме того, пьеса оказывается одной из первых в списке кровавых «трагедий мести» золотого века английской драматургии. Марло внес вклад в создание макабрического «словаря ужасов», ставшего инструментарием для последующих экспериментов в этом жанре. В рамках исследования процесса формирования этих образов в статье представлен новый перевод фрагментов трагедии, позволяющий, по мнению автора, точнее отразить установки, которыми руководствовался драматург, и восприятие пьесы современниками.В виде доклада исследование было представлено на I Всероссийской научной конференции «Кристофер Марло и его творчество в русской и мировой культуре: междисциплинарный взгляд» (Москва, 22–23 июня 2018 г.). Конференция была проведена в рамках проекта Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (№ 18-012-00679).
State, legitimate violence and activities of private military-security companies in the modern world. ; Государство, легитимное насилие и деятельность частных военно-охранных компаний в современном мире.
The object of this master thesis is public policy of the United Kingdom and Germany in domestic violence. The main goal of this research is to analyze the current situation of chosen countries and as well as to discover similarities and differences of methods for preventing violence in the United Kingdom and Germany and other EU states. The main task of my study is to identify how cultural factors impact the policy-making process in case of domestic violence. The usage of such methods as analysis of literature, legislation analysis, interview analysis, discourse analysis and comparative analysis led to a conclusion that domestic violence subject is a globally gender-based problem that touches each country. However, all states solve this problem in their own ways. Moreover, many countries don't even gather data regarding violent cases and don't take any legislation and methods for preventing domestic abuse. As well as many policies that were implemented in other countries, don't work due to many reasons. First, it happens because the governments don't take into consideration cultural factors that play a big role in the society, introducing a new legislation. As well as females keep silent about domestic violence in their families due to many reasons so that it`s impossible to gather accurate data that shows the size of the problem and it helps to take proper measures for combating domestic violence. The governments and authorities that are specialized on this subject should put this problem in the priority list and introduce a new legislation considering all factors that can hinder the policy`s success. For my thesis, I use resources and literature related to domestic violence problems on the territory of the United Kingdom and Germany that help me to identify similarities and differences that exist in methods for preventing domestic abuse. Moreover, I used official websites and studies related to domestic violence not only in the United Kingdom and Germany but also in other EU countries. I recommend my thesis for politicians and authorities that are specialized on domestic violence problem and for individuals who are interested in this subject.
The object of this master thesis is public policy of the United Kingdom and Germany in domestic violence. The main goal of this research is to analyze the current situation of chosen countries and as well as to discover similarities and differences of methods for preventing violence in the United Kingdom and Germany and other EU states. The main task of my study is to identify how cultural factors impact the policy-making process in case of domestic violence. The usage of such methods as analysis of literature, legislation analysis, interview analysis, discourse analysis and comparative analysis led to a conclusion that domestic violence subject is a globally gender-based problem that touches each country. However, all states solve this problem in their own ways. Moreover, many countries don't even gather data regarding violent cases and don't take any legislation and methods for preventing domestic abuse. As well as many policies that were implemented in other countries, don't work due to many reasons. First, it happens because the governments don't take into consideration cultural factors that play a big role in the society, introducing a new legislation. As well as females keep silent about domestic violence in their families due to many reasons so that it`s impossible to gather accurate data that shows the size of the problem and it helps to take proper measures for combating domestic violence. The governments and authorities that are specialized on this subject should put this problem in the priority list and introduce a new legislation considering all factors that can hinder the policy`s success. For my thesis, I use resources and literature related to domestic violence problems on the territory of the United Kingdom and Germany that help me to identify similarities and differences that exist in methods for preventing domestic abuse. Moreover, I used official websites and studies related to domestic violence not only in the United Kingdom and Germany but also in other EU countries. I recommend my thesis for politicians and authorities that are specialized on domestic violence problem and for individuals who are interested in this subject.
The object of this master thesis is the problem of domestic violence against women. The goal of this thesis is to identify international legal standards in the field of combating domestic violence against women and ways to implement these standards in national legislation on the example of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania. The main tasks of the thesis are: to define the concept of domestic violence; define the importance of combating domestic violence; track the evolution of standards for combating domestic violence; to define the existing international legal standards for combating domestic violence at the universal and regional levels; find out how international legal standards on combating domestic violence against women are implemented in national legislation on the example of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania; identify problematic aspects of national legislation related to the regulation of combating domestic violence and propose changes based on established international standards in this area. The usage of such methods as sociological, feminist, and evolutionary, analysis, synthesis, deduction, and comparative legal method led to a conclusion that over the past few decades, there has been a radical transformation in the international community's attitude towards violence against women, including domestic violence. The consolidation of guarantees of protection against domestic violence against women at the international level, as well as the development of jurisprudence on this issue, have played a huge role in shaping international standards related to this problem. To eradicate domestic violence, it is necessary to require states to fulfill positive obligations to prevent domestic violence, and the adoption of a specialized law is the first step to combat domestic violence by complying with international obligations.
The object of this master thesis is the problem of domestic violence against women. The goal of this thesis is to identify international legal standards in the field of combating domestic violence against women and ways to implement these standards in national legislation on the example of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania. The main tasks of the thesis are: to define the concept of domestic violence; define the importance of combating domestic violence; track the evolution of standards for combating domestic violence; to define the existing international legal standards for combating domestic violence at the universal and regional levels; find out how international legal standards on combating domestic violence against women are implemented in national legislation on the example of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania; identify problematic aspects of national legislation related to the regulation of combating domestic violence and propose changes based on established international standards in this area. The usage of such methods as sociological, feminist, and evolutionary, analysis, synthesis, deduction, and comparative legal method led to a conclusion that over the past few decades, there has been a radical transformation in the international community's attitude towards violence against women, including domestic violence. The consolidation of guarantees of protection against domestic violence against women at the international level, as well as the development of jurisprudence on this issue, have played a huge role in shaping international standards related to this problem. To eradicate domestic violence, it is necessary to require states to fulfill positive obligations to prevent domestic violence, and the adoption of a specialized law is the first step to combat domestic violence by complying with international obligations.
The article analyses the issue of violence in the sacral space of the territory of the University of Paris between the 14th and 15th centuries. The study considers a broader issue of the correspondence between the sacral and profane in mediaeval university culture. The analysis is made with reference to a large number of sources ranging from legal documents (reports of trials in Paris Parlement and books of university nations' procurators) to narrative ones (such as chronicles, and registers of Parliament court clerks). All the offences in question are divided into two groups. The first one includes cases of aggression committed by city dwellers with a special focus on Châtelet sergeants. The other one concerns acts of violence committed by university members in the sacral space of the studium. It seems possible to argue that violence, regardless of its origin, quite easily transgressed the border of the sacral space of the University of Paris. The author puts forward another hypothesis: a certain ease which accompanied the acts of violence may have been due to the constant presence of the sacral in the lives of the university clerics that were gradually losing their connection with it. ; В статье анализируются преступления, имевшие место в сакральных местах, находившихся под юрисдикцией Парижского университета, в ХIV — первой половине ХV в. Статья затрагивает и более широкую проблему соотношения сакрального и профанного в средневековой университетской культуре. Базу исследования составляет широкий круг источников, включающий как юридические и документальные (протоколы судебных заседаний в парижском парламенте, книги прокураторов университетских наций), так и нарративные источники (хроники, дневники судебных секретарей). Случаи насилия условно могут быть разделены на две группы. К первой группе отнесены эксцессы, инициатором которых выступали представители городского населения и прежде всего сержанты Шатле, ко второй — насильственные действия, совершенные в священных местах университета самими членами университетской корпорации. Высказывается предположение, что насилие, вне зависимости от того, кто его совершал, с определенной легкостью нарушало границы университетского сакрального пространства. В статье также отмечается, что непринужденность в совершении насилия самими университариями была обусловлена тем, что сакральное постоянно присутствовало в жизни ученых клириков, которые постепенно теряли с ним прочную связь.
The study explores the rhetorical strategies and premises employed by opponents of the enactment of the draft bill "On domestic violence prevention in Russian Federation" in the course of the wide public discussion about the bill during 2019. Three texts are analyzed: an open letter to the president of Russia, a statement of The Patriarchal Commission on Family, Maternal, and Child Welfare (Russian Orthodox Church), and an official answer by The Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation to an inquiry made by European Court of Human Rights concerning domestic violence in the country. Common themes and rhetorical figures are emphasized, as well as convictions supposedly dictating their usage. Resemblance found between the three examples of the rhetoric allows for a hypothesis about such rhetoric being used as a means of national consolidation around a common political narrative. Moreover, an attempt is made to connect the rhetoric of the opponents of the bill to a wider international context as an instance of global "anti-gender turn" in the Russian reality. ; Работа посвящена анализу риторических стратегий и стоящих за ними предпосылок, используемых противниками принятия законопроекта «О профилактике семейно-бытового насилия в Российской Федерации» в ходе широкой дискуссии, развернувшейся вокруг этого законопроекта в 2019 г. В работе анализируются три текста: общественное открытое письмо президенту России, заявление Патриаршей комиссии по вопросам семьи, защиты материнства и детства при РПЦ и официальный ответ Минюста РФ на запрос ЕСПЧ по вопросам домашнего насилия в стране. В исследуемых материалах выделяются общие темы, риторические ходы и ценностные убеждения, предположительно диктующие их использование. Сходство трёх примеров исследуемой риторики позволяет предположить её использование в качестве инструмента для национальной консолидации вокруг общего политического нарратива. Кроме того, предпринимается попытка связать риторику противников законопроекта с более широким международным контекстом как реализацию глобального «анти-гендерного поворота» в российском контексте.
The author of this study focuses on the problem of violence against women who found themselves in difficult situations and were sexually abused during the civil war in Colombia. The study is centered around construction of the victims' images in the publications of transnational, national and regional media (New York Times, Time, Vice, El Tiempo, El Espectador, El Colombiana). The author concludes that the mass media play a significant role in raising public awareness referring to violence against women in Colombia, and contribute to the development of an image of a woman who is ready to fight for her rights and help others. ; Автор данного исследования сосредотачивается на проблеме насилия в отношении женщин, оказавшихся в сложной жизненной ситуации и подвергшихся сексуальной эксплуатации в период гражданской войны в Колумбии. В центре внимания — конструирование образа женщины-жертвы в изданиях транснационального, национального и регионального масштаба (New York Times, Time, Vice, El Tiempo, El Espectador, El Colombiana). Автор приходит к выводу, что средства массовой информации играют серьезную роль в повышении уровня общественной осведомленности относительно проблемы насилия в стране, а также способствуют формированию образа женщины, готовой бороться за свои права и помогать другим.
