For legal reasons, the study data (data_incels_gesis.zip) are no longer available as of 30.01.2024 until further notice.
The dataset consists of all publicly visible posts and the data that comes with each post of the online-forum incels.is during the first week of November 2022. The forum is the current (2022) largest communication platform within the incel community. Incels (involuntary celibates) are of interest to researchers through several offline and online violence cases. Violence against themselves is also an accepted act within the community. This dataset is a large-scale collection of digital behavioral data that allows researchers to investigate questions surrounding, e.g. incels, hate-speech, communication in online forums, the emergence of acts of terrorism, and suicide prevention. The dataset was used for a Master's Thesis and is the basis for upcoming publications. This repository contains the dataset and the scripts that showcase the analysis of this dataset.
Crime has become a major problem in public opinion in recent years. It is therefore of prime importance to know the extent of the prevalence and incidence of delinquency in Switzerland, and more specifically delinquency concerning aggravated behaviour (in particular sexual violence and serious bodily harm to persons). The descriptive study of the commission of this delinquency inevitably leads us to focus on the two other aspects of this phenomenon: victimization and acceptance of violence. The main question is: What are the frequencies of violent behaviour and experiences in Switzerland and what are the relationships between personal experiences of victimisation and the commission of acts of physical and sexual violence on the other hand among men? Other factors concerning the respondent's personality, life and immediate social environment are also assessed. The more subtle forms of psychological violence are not taken into consideration.
Crime has become a major problem in public opinion in recent years. It is therefore of prime importance to know the extent of the prevalence and incidence of delinquency in Switzerland, and more specifically delinquency concerning aggravated behaviour (in particular sexual violence and serious bodily harm to persons). The descriptive study of the commission of this delinquency inevitably leads us to focus on the two other aspects of this phenomenon: victimization and acceptance of violence. The main question is: What are the frequencies of violent behaviour and experiences in Switzerland and what are the relationships between personal experiences of victimisation and the commission of acts of physical and sexual violence on the other hand among men? Other factors concerning the respondent's personality, life and immediate social environment are also assessed. The more subtle forms of psychological violence are not taken into consideration.
The "Religious Fundamentalism and Radicalization Survey (RFRS)" is a large-scale cross-sectional survey conducted among Muslims, Christians, Jews, and non-believers in Cyprus, Germany, Israel, Kenya, Lebanon, the Palestinian territories, Turkey, and the USA. The survey is designed specifically to test hypotheses related to determinants of religious radicalization. It includes a broad range of variables concerning religiosity, religious knowledge, and fundamentalism, as well as a survey experiment concerning the effect of religious scripture on religious violence legitimation. The data collection in Cyprus, Germany, Israel, Kenya, Lebanon, Palestine, and Turkey was funded by the WZB Berlin Social Science Center, whereas the data collection in the USA was funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (#435-2012-0922). The fieldwork for the survey took place between November 2016 and June 2017.
The data set currently only includes the variables used in the following publication: Koopmans, Ruud; Kanol, Eylem; Stolle, Dietlind (2020): Scriptural legitimation and the mobilization of support for religious violence: Experimental evidence across three religions and seven countries. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. Latest articles. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1822158 Analyses of other parts of the data set are ongoing. Once these are completed, the entire data set will be made publicly available.
The "Religious Fundamentalism and Radicalization Survey (RFRS)" is a large-scale cross-sectional survey conducted among Muslims, Christians, Jews, and non-believers in Cyprus, Germany, Israel, Kenya, Lebanon, the Palestinian territories, Turkey, and the USA. The survey is designed specifically to test hypotheses related to determinants of religious radicalization. It includes a broad range of variables concerning religiosity, religious knowledge, and fundamentalism, as well as a survey experiment concerning the effect of religious scripture on religious violence legitimation. The data collection in Cyprus, Germany, Israel, Kenya, Lebanon, Palestine, and Turkey was funded by the WZB Berlin Social Science Center, whereas the data collection in the USA was funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (#435-2012-0922). The fieldwork for the survey took place between November 2016 and June 2017.
The data set currently only includes the variables used in the following publications:
Kanol, Eylem (2021): Explaining Unfavorable Attitudes Toward Religious Out-Groups Among Three Major Religions. In: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. Early view articles. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12725
Koopmans, Ruud; Kanol, Eylem; Stolle, Dietlind (2021): Scriptural legitimation and the mobilisation of support for religious violence: Experimental evidence across three religions and seven countries. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 47 (7), pp. 1498-1516. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1822158
Analyses of other parts of the data set are ongoing. Once these are completed, the entire data set will be made publicly available.
Im dem vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) geförderten Verbundprojekt "Schutz-Norm – Schutzkonzepte in der Kinder- und Jugendarbeit. Normalitätskonstruktionen von Sexualität und Gewalt unter Jugendlichen" wurde eine bundesweite Onlinebefragung unter Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen zu ihren Sichtweisen auf die Themen Sexualität, (sexualisierte) Peer-Gewalt und Schutz durchgeführt. Zielgruppe der Online-Befragung waren alle jungen Menschen ab 15 Jahren in Deutschland.
The dataset is part of a project to investigate justifications of repression in North African autocracies. It was set up to answer the question to what extent and how repressive incidents were communicated and justified in Morocco and Tunisia from 2000 to 2010, before the beginning of the Arab uprising protests.
The event dataset is the first to disaggregate data on repressive incidents in two countries over the course of a decade, providing information about the forms of repression, its targets, the actors involved in repression and its justification, and the communication of state violence. All variables are available in textual form, although the forms of repression and repressive actors are all also listed in binary form to facilitate software-supported analysis. The dataset contains in total 439 repressive incidents: namely, 280 for Tunisia and 159 for Morocco. The data was collected from publicly available reports by Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, the U.S. State Department, and organizations and news outlets that covered repressive events and their respective justifications. We complemented these English-language sources with further information from French and Arabic sources and provide all data in English. This systematic collection enables us to assess the extent of justification, as opposed to denial or cover-up, and also to dig into the substantial arguments that were brought forward here. It includes not only cases of protest repression, but also more mundane everyday restrictions on dissidents, and other human rights violations. This gives insight into the political communication of autocracies and their strategies to mitigate the risk of backlash that usually comes with the use of state violence.
For the 50th anniversary of the Geneva Conventions and as part of its policy for better protection of victims of armed conflict, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) conducted an international survey "People on War" between 1998 and 1999 in 12 countries recently affected by armed conflict. The idea was to "give a voice" to civilian populations and combatants in countries that have endured the modern forms of war. In addition, the consultation included national opinion surveys in four of the five permanent member countries of the UN Security Council - France, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States - as well as Switzerland the depositary country of the Geneva Conventions, to see how the publics in these countries view war.
In 2009, a similar survey entitled "Our World. Views from the Field" was undertaken in 8 countries that were experiencing or had experienced armed conflict or other situations of armed violence. The aims were to develop a better understanding of people's needs and expectations, to gather views and opinions, and to give a voice to those who had been adversely affected by armed conflict and violence.
The initial survey "People on War" was repeated in 2016 in 11 countries affected by armed conflict, as well as to the five permanent members of the UN Security Council and Switzerland. A number of the same questions were also asked in the last People on War survey enabling some comparisons over time to be made.
For the 50th anniversary of the Geneva Conventions and as part of its policy for better protection of victims of armed conflict, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) conducted an international survey "People on War" between 1998 and 1999 in 12 countries recently affected by armed conflict. The idea was to "give a voice" to civilian populations and combatants in countries that have endured the modern forms of war. In addition, the consultation included national opinion surveys in four of the five permanent member countries of the UN Security Council - France, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States - as well as Switzerland the depositary country of the Geneva Conventions, to see how the publics in these countries view war.
In 2009, a similar survey entitled "Our World. Views from the Field" was undertaken in 8 countries that were experiencing or had experienced armed conflict or other situations of armed violence. The aims were to develop a better understanding of people's needs and expectations, to gather views and opinions, and to give a voice to those who had been adversely affected by armed conflict and violence.
The initial survey "People on War" was repeated in 2016 in 11 countries affected by armed conflict, as well as to the five permanent members of the UN Security Council and Switzerland. A number of the same questions were also asked in the last People on War survey enabling some comparisons over time to be made.
The Power-Sharing Event Dataset (PSED) contains information on 41 countries from different continents on the promises and practices of power-sharing between governments and rebels for a five-year period after the conclusion of a peace agreement (unless violence recurred earlier). The collected data covers the period from 1989 to 2006. The main features of the dataset are the specific focus on government-rebel dyads during post-conflict periods, an exact temporal mapping of implemented or abolished power-sharing events, and detailed descriptions for each power-sharing arrangement put into practice. An explanation of the theoretical impetus behind the PSED as well as an in-depth discussion of its concepts, variables and coding procedure can be found in the PSED data feature (publication see below).
Constellations of State Fragility provides an empirical typology of states from a fragility perspective. It uses global data from 2005-2013 to identify typical constellations of state fragility. State fragility is defined as deficiencies in one or more of three core functions of the state. These functions include state authority, state capacity and state legitimacy. Authority refers to the state's ability to control violence. Capacity refers to the state's ability to provide basic public services. Legitimacy refers to the state's ability to obtain the population's consent to the state's claim to rule. Constellations of State Fragility is a unique tool which uses advanced statistical methodology to identify typical constellations of state fragility in the world. Our methodology allows us to distinguish core problems underlying state fragility where additive indices produce identical values. Furthermore, we are able to describe how certain we are about any classification. Simply use the probability view mode of the world map or individual country pages to assess how likely a state is a member of e.g. the low-capacity constellation.
The Optimus study in South Africa was designed specifically to estimate the annual incidence and lifetime prevalence of child sexual abuse and maltreatment in South Africa. Prior to this study, no nationally representative data on the extent or impact of child sexual abuse existed. In order to obtain a comprehensive picture of the nature, extent and impact of child sexual abuse in the country, the study drew on two data sources. The first was a population study conducted with a sample of 15 to 17 year old adolescents recruited nationally from schools (n=4086) as well as households (n=5631), while the second was an agency component that consisted of a series of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with front-line staff and child protection agency directors servicing the communities or geographical spaces identified through the population survey sampling process. Through a thorough exploration of these areas, the study identifies where resources can best be targeted, provides a local evidence base for the development of effective interventions, and identifies whether intervening in one form of abuse or neglect might also have the potential to address other forms of violence.
The Optimus Study is a cross-national initiative on child sexual victimization in the context of other forms of maltreatment, and aims to provide much-needed evidence on the risks and protective factors for children and youth. Its goal is ultimately to reduce the incidence of abuse and improve services for those affected by applying the best social science research methods available to create an evidence base in order to influence policy, practice, and funding. The Optimus Study has successfully developed a research model that integrates standardized population-based survey methods with health and social statistics tracking to assess prevalence and response rates (Agency Survey), as well as a framework to advance the field through translating the knowledge generated by the research into policy and practice. It also strives to advance international epidemiology research on violence against children. The population survey in Switzerland collected lifetime and previous-year prevalence of sexual victimization experiences for a nationally representative sample of youth from 15-17, as well as information on other types of maltreatment, risk factors, protective factors, and consequences of victimization.
The module was administered as a post-election interview. The resulting data are provided along with voting, demographic, district and macro variables in a single dataset.
CSES Variable Table The list of variables is being provided on the CSES Website to help in understanding what content is available from CSES, and to compare the content available in each module.
Themes:
MICRO-LEVEL DATA:
Identification and study administration variables: weighting factors; election type; date of election 1st and 2nd round; study timing (post-election study, pre-election and post-election study, between rounds of majoritarian election); mode of interview; gender of interviewer; date questionnaire administered; primary electoral district of respondent; number of days the interview was conducted after the election; language of questionnaire.
Demography: year and month of birth; gender; education; marital status; union membership; union membership of others in household; business association membership, farmers´ association membership; professional association membership; current employment status; main occupation; socio economic status; employment type - public or private; industrial sector; current employment status, occupation, socio economic status, employment type - public or private, and industrial sector of spouse; household income; number of persons in household; number of children in household under the age of 18; number of children in household under the age of 6; attendance at religious services; religiosity; religious denomination; language usually spoken at home; region of residence; race; ethnicity; rural or urban residence; primary electoral district; country of birth; year arrived in current country.
Survey variables: perception of public expenditure on health, education, unemployment benefits, defense, old-age pensions, business and industry, police and law enforcement, welfare benefits; perception of improving individual standard of living, state of economy, government's action on income inequality; respondent cast a ballot at the current and the previous election; vote choice (presidential, lower house and upper house elections) at the current and the previous election; respondent cast candidate preference vote at the current and the previous election; difference who is in power and who people vote for; sympathy scale for selected parties and political leaders; assessment of parties on the left-right-scale and/or an alternative scale; self-assessment on a left-right-scale and an optional scale; satisfaction with democracy; party identification; intensity of party identification, institutional and personal contact in the electoral campaigning, in person, by mail, phone, text message, email or social networks, institutional contact by whom; political information questions; expected development of household income in the next twelve month; ownership of residence, business or property or farm or livestock, stocks or bonds, savings; likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month; spouse likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month.
DISTRICT-LEVEL DATA: number of seats contested in electoral district; number of candidates; number of party lists; percent vote of different parties; official voter turnout in electoral district.
MACRO-LEVEL DATA: election outcomes by parties in current (lower house/upper house) legislative election; percent of seats in lower house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of seats in upper house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of votes received by presidential candidate of parties in current elections; electoral turnout; party of the president and the prime minister before and after the election; number of portfolios held by each party in cabinet, prior to and after the most recent election; size of the cabinet after the most recent election; number of parties participating in election; ideological families of parties; left-right position of parties assigned by experts and alternative dimensions; most salient factors in the election; fairness of the election; formal complaints against national level results; election irregularities reported; scheduled and held date of election; irregularities of election date; extent of election violence and post-election violence; geographic concentration of violence; post-election protest; electoral alliances permitted during the election campaign; existing electoral alliances; requirements for joint party lists; possibility of apparentement and types of apparentement agreements; multi-party endorsements on ballot; votes cast; voting procedure; voting rounds; party lists close, open, or flexible; transferable votes; cumulated votes if more than one can be cast; compulsory voting; party threshold; unit for the threshold; freedom house rating; democracy-autocracy polity IV rating; age of the current regime; regime: type of executive; number of months since last lower house and last presidential election; electoral formula for presidential elections; electoral formula in all electoral tiers (majoritarian, proportional or mixed); for lower and upper houses was coded: number of electoral segments; linked electoral segments; dependent formulae in mixed systems; subtypes of mixed electoral systems; district magnitude (number of members elected from each district); number of secondary and tertiary electoral districts; fused vote; size of the lower house; GDP growth (annual percent); GDP per capita; inflation, GDP Deflator (annual percent); Human development index; total population; total unemployment; TI corruption perception index; international migrant stock and net migration rate; general government final consumption expenditure; public spending on education; health expenditure; military expenditure; central government debt; Gini index; internet users per 100 inhabitants; mobile phone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants; fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants; daily newspapers; constitutional federal structure; number of legislative chambers; electoral results data available; effective number of electoral and parliamentary parties.