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In the course of a development sociological analysis the question is asked, if violence in sports in the course of civilization process increases or decreases. The seeming contradiction between the thesis of decrease of violence in sports and the thesis of increase of violence in sports is solved by differentiating between expressive, pleasant, affective violence on one hand and instrumental, affectless, rational violence on the other. It can be seen that within long term development trends in society of increasing control of affects and monopolizing violence, ex pressive violence in sports is more and more repressed, tamed, i.e. compared to earlier forms of sports expressive violence in sports today has decreased. On the other hand change of sports towards success orientation, increasing economical, political, and public significance of sports leads to an increase of instrumental violence in the sense of a consciously planned, aggressive rule violation in the interest of higher aims. In contrast to this an analysis of development of female sports shows - because of the change in power balance between sexes, the change of female behavior standards - that in female sports as well an increase of instrumental as of expressive violence can be noted in the sense of an ad justment process to general social violence standards.

Rethinking Aggression and Violence in Sport explores the psychological aspects of these two intrinsic elements of competitive sport.This book critically examines the important issues associated with aggression and violence in sport, including:* a review of current theory in the psychology of aggression * exploration of how players become acclimatised to physical violence* discussion of the psychological benefits of sanctioned and unsanctioned sport violence* examination of the moral and ethical dimensions of the debate* the psychological basis of spectator aggression* case studies from a wide

SummaryHaving set out a provisional 'typology of violence', the question of violence in sport is considered in its historical perspective, with numerous examples. The question of violence in relation to social bonding is then considered and distinctions are drawn between the types of violence inherent in two differently structured societies, the segmentally and functionally bonded. Contemporary football hooliganism is then considered as developing from segmentally bonded elements in present-day society.

The incidence of spectator violence at sporting events appears to be increasing at an alarming rate in present-day society. Research specifically dealing with crowd violence has also increased concomitantly. This article selectively reviews spectator violence research in an effort to articulate past and present trends. Traditionally, sport psychologists have attempted to study spectator violence by focusing on the aggression levels of individual fans. In turn, sport sociologists have used collective behavior theories in their attempts to identify possible determinants of crowd violence. It seems incumbent upon the researchers of future studies in this area to look to hypothetical questions that encompass both schools of thought. The need for an understanding of spectator violence in sport environments is real. During the past few years, several tragedies related to sport spectator violence have been reported. If similar incidents are to be avoided, the phenomenon of spectator violence must be carefully studied from both psychological and sociological perspectives.

Large sports events, in football in particular, have become global and attract increasingly large audiences on site and through media and broadcasting. Their impact on public life is growing accordingly, above all in host cities, since they are on the front line when it comes to ensure safety and security in and around stadiums, for spectators and local inhabitants. The objective of this publication is to support cities in the prevention of sport-related violence through the promotion of a multisectoral and comprehensive approach.

This paper utilizes a feminist theoretical framework to explore the contemporary social meanings of sports violence. Two levels of meaning are explored: first, the broad, socio-cultural and ideological meanings of sports violence as mediated spectacle; second, the meanings which male athletes themselves construct. On the social/ideological level, the analysis draws on an emergent critical/feminist literature which theoretically and historically situates sports violence as a practice which helps to construct hegemonic masculinity. And drawing on my own in-depth interviews with male former athletes, a feminist theory of gender identity is utilized to examine the meanings which athletes themselves construct around their own participation in violent sports. Finally, the links between these two levels of analysis are tentatively explored: how does the athlete's construction of meaning surrounding his participation in violent sports connect with the larger social construction of masculinities and men's power relations with women?

The prevalence of domestic violence in the sports community continues to be a controversial topic of discussion. The conversation that surrounds domestic violence and athletes often occurs through a sports-only lens. Policies have been implemented by the various professional leagues, such as the Major League Baseball (MLB), National Basketball Association (NBA), and National Football League (NFL), to combat numerous incidents of domestic violence. Policies vary for each respective league. Discussion of domestic violence in sport has barely scratched the surface of identifying the complexity of the ethical dilemmas that psychologists may encounter. Three of these dilemmas are identified and discussed here: mandated treatment, confidentiality, and informed consent.

"In this novel approach to understanding consent, Jill D. Weinberg features two case studies where groups engage in seemingly violent acts: competitive mixed martial arts and sexual sadomasochism. These activities are similar in that consenting to injury is central to the activity, and participants of both activities have to engage in a form of social decriminalization, leveraging the legal authority imbued in the language of consent as a way to render their activities legally and socially tolerable. Yet, these activities are treated differently under criminal battery law. Using interviews with participants and ethnographic observation, Weinberg argues that where law authorizes a person's consent to an activity, consent is not meaningfully regulated or constructed by the participants themselves. In contrast, where law prohibits a person's consent to an activity, participants actively construct and regulate consent. This difference demonstrates that law can make consent less consensual. Synthesizing criminal law and ethnography, Consensual Violence is a fascinating account of how consent gets created and carried out among participants and lays the groundwork for a sociology of consent and a more sociological understanding of processes of decriminalization."--Provided by publisher

The Law on the Prevention of Violence at Sports Events, which regulates the behaviour of the participants in sports events, contains numerous novelties related to this form of criminal offences. Big sports events are frequently marred by serious violence, such as property damage and intentionally harmful physical assaults with occasional fatal consequences, which asks for an adequate response from the organs of the state responsible for this form of criminal behaviour. This paper discusses the most relevant provisions of the laws related to this form of violence and analyzes certain debatable issues, as well as the previous legal practice, with a special emphasis on particular problems arising in the field of court practice.

In the weeks leading up to the 2023 Superbowl game, San Francisco 49ers' defensive player Charles Omenihu was allowed to play in the game against the Philadelphia Eagles after being arrested and charged with domestic violence on January 23. His coach, Kyle Shanahan, said at the time: "We feel very good about letting the legal…

Mass-media have powerful influence on characteristics and development of contemporary societies. Modern societies are characterized by different varieties of violence as un-human social and anthropological behavior patterns of different societies and as shapes of social pathology. Media are the most significant mediator between sport and men of modern societies particularly of young people. Violence, as on expression of aggressive behavior, is not just a consequence of global society and mass-media influence on audience (especially hooligans), but it is developing as a consequence of socialization of personality. Youth violence is also a consequence of mass-media influence on young people's education. Children and youth are especially sensitive to violence in mass-media.