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Gamut mapping is the problem of transforming the colors of image or video content so as to fully exploit the color palette ofthe display device where the content will be shown, while preserving the artistic intent of the original content's creator. In particular in thecinema industry, the rapid advancement in display technologies has created a pressing need to develop automatic and fast gamutmapping algorithms. In this paper we propose a novel framework that is based on vision science models, performs both gamut reductionand gamut extension, is of low computational complexity, produces results that are free from artifacts and outperforms state-of-the-artmethods according to psychophysical tests. Our experiments also highlight the limitations of existing objective metrics for the gamutmapping problem. ; Thiswork has received funding from the European Union'sHorizon 2020 research and innovation programme undergrant agreement number 761544 (project HDR4EU) andunder grant agreement number 780470 (project SAUCE),and by the Spanish government and FEDER Fund, grantref. TIN2015-71537-P (MINECO/FEDER,UE). The work of J.Vazquez-Corral was supported by the Spanish governmentunder Grant IJCI-2014-19516

Visual attention retargeting attempts to modify an image such that the viewer's attention is directed to specific regions. Goals include highlighting a particular object or hiding possible problems in the image. In this work, we show that we can pose the visual retargeting problem in terms of gamut mapping. In short, visual attention retargeting can be achieved by performing gamut extension in those regions that we want to highlight and gamut reduction in the other regions. ; Authors are supported by the European Research Council, Starting Grant ref. 306337, by the Spanish government FEDER Fund, grant ref. TIN2015-71537-P(MINECO/FEDER,UE), and by the Icrea Academia Award. The work of J. Vazquez-Corral was supported by the Spanish government under Grant IJCI-2014- 19516.

This work was supported by the European Research Council, Starting Grant ref. 306337, by the Spanish government and FEDER Fund, grant ref. TIN2015-71537-P (MINECO/FEDER,UE), and by the Icrea Academia Award. The work of Javier Vazquez-Corral was supported by the Spanish government grant IJCI-2014-19516.

An experimental study was conducted investigating the effects of color and brightness contrast, direction of contrast, and six contrast values upon the legibility of a circular dial. The brightness of four chromatic hues was matched with four achromatic hues. Hues were combined in all possible combinations excluding chromatic with achromatic, resulting in six contrast values. For both dark on light and light on dark contrast directions, the contrast values were equal. Half of the twenty-four subjects had pilot training and half did not. A Dodge type tachistoscope was used to present the stimulus conditions. Reading time results indicated that the addition of color contrast to a dial of a given achromatic brightness contrast value, with a light on dark contrast direction, will not degrade and may improve the legibility of that dial. Legibility was also found to increase as contrast value increased. The study indicates that the use of color should be reconsidered in its application as a coding technique in complex system displays.

An architect who also has a graduate degree in special education, the author uses both these areas and his own experience as a visually impaired person, to show how color contrast can improve the effectiveness of limited vision in the home. Ten photographs illustrate practical suggestions for using color contrast in the kitchen, dining area, living area, bathroom, and office desk. All suggested remedies are inexpensive and simple enough for the visually impaired person to carry out himself.

Neurophysiological evidence accumulated in the last twenty years supports Hering€s oppo‐ nent theory of color vision. In addition, the general, cross‐cultural, and universal theoy of color naming for all languages proposed by Berlin and Kay has been corroborated. Hays et al. speculated that color‐term salience might be reduced to a neuroanatomical basis. An evaluation of our color‐naming tests in German, French, English, Hebrew, Japanese, Quechi, and Misquito, and linguistic tests carried out, together with other linguistic data, show clearly that the linguistics ofcolor terms is corroborated by the oppo‐ nenl theuy of color vision. [color lexicon, color naming, categorization of color, opponent color theory, psycholinguistics of color terms, cultural influence on color naming]

We investigated the effect of color-vision deficiency on reaction times and accuracy of identification of traffic light signals. Participants were 20 color-normal and 49 color-deficient males, the latter divided into subgroups of different severity and type. Participants performed a tracking task. At random intervals, stimuli simulating standard traffic light signals were presented against a white background at 5° to right or left. Participants identified stimulus color (red/yellow/green) by pressing an appropriate response button. Mean response times for color normals were 525, 410, and 450 ms for red, yellow, and green lights, respectively. For color deficients, response times to red lights increased with increase in severity of color deficiency, with deutans performing worse than protans of similar severity: response times of deuteranopes and protanopes were 53% and 35% longer than those of color normals. A similar pattern occurred for yellow lights, with deuteranopes and protanopes having increased response times of 85% and 53%, respectively. For green lights, response times of all groups were similar. Error rates showed patterns similar to those of response times. Contrary to previous studies, deutans performed much worse than protans of similar severity. Actual or potential applications of this research include traffic signal design and driver licensing.

The commercialization of EnChroma glasses has generated great expectations for people to be able to see new colors or even correct color vision deficiency (CVD). We evaluate the effectiveness of these glasses using two complementary strategies for the first time. The first consists of using the three classical types of tests — recognition, arrangement and discrimination — with and without glasses, with a high number of individuals. In the second, we use the spectral transmittance of the glasses to simulate the appearance of stimuli in a set of scenes for normal observers and observers with CVD. The results show that the glasses introduce a variation of the perceived color, but neither improve results in the diagnosis tests nor allow the observers with CVD to have a more normal color vision. ; Spanish State Agency of Research (AEI); Ministry for Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MIMECO) (Grant numbers FIS2017-89258-P and DPI 2015-64571-R); European Union FEDER (European Regional Development Funds).

Argues that the principle of non-discrimination, rather than preferences based on race, ethnicity, or sex, has best ensured equal opportunity in the past and is the best course for the future; evaluates non-discriminatory programs of educational institutions, the Army, and public and private business sectors; US.

The conspicuity of road traffic signs and signals for a group of observers with the color vision defect of deuteranopia is compared with that for a control group of observers with normal color vision. Conspicuity was measured by the proportion of reports of target objects detected in 300-ms presentations of projected slides of road scenes. There were two instructions, one designed to measure attention conspicuity and the other, search conspicuity. The attention conspicuity of red, orange, and green color-coded traffic control devices was significantly less for deuteranopes than for the observers with normal color vision, but this was not true for yellow and blue color-coded signs. This result is consistent with our understanding of the color perceptions of deuteranopes. The reduction of conspicuity was not so great for the search conspicuity condition. We conclude that redundant color coding does contribute to the conspicuity of signs and signals and that deuteranopes---and probably those with other severe forms of defective color vision---have a significantly reduced ability to notice colored targets, such as road signs and signals, in complex visual environments. The actual and potential application of this work is in the design of signs so they are conspicuous, especially when the user group includes people with defective color vision.