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A contribution to the theory delineated by Georg Simmel in "Sociology of the Senses: Visual Interaction" (Park, R. E., & Burgess, W. W. [Eds], Introduction to the Science of Sociology, Chicago: U of Chicago Press, 1969). Specifically, how social relations are visually constituted through gaze or glance is examined, comparing Simmel's account of the pure form of mutual glance, through which individuals are primordially united beyond the bounds of speech, & Jean-Paul Sartre's description of the look through which human beings objectify one another, again outside of spoken language. It is argued that Sartre & Simmel illustrate two fundamental sides of human sociality, which must be dialectically related to one another in order to provide an adequate phenomenological description. The account is grounded in a set of specific social phenomena that exemplify the operation of the gaze in constituting sociality. 7 References. Modified AA.

An attempt to convey some of the diversity of human perceptions of the environment, to draw on specific studies in an attempt to dlarify how human beings in diff soc & cultural settings perceive the environment & react to it. 4 res themes are selected: (1) the use of illusion to infer the reality of visual perception, (2) the quest for the image of the city, (3) the interplay of environmental att's & landscapes, & (4) the adjustment to drought as environmental behavior. A discussion of theme (1) draws upon M. H. Segall, D. T. Campbell & M. J. Herskovits (see SA 0312/C5562), THE INFLUENCE OF CUL- TURE AND VISUAL PERCEPTION, discussing the fact that possibly 33.3% of the world's living space is carpentered, & 66.6% is not, & what diff this makes in the way we view the world. Re theme (2) reference is made to Kevin Lynch (see SA A1287) THE IMAGE OF THE CITY, who built up a city image as a function of 5 hyp'ed elements: paths, landmarks, edges, nodes & districts. It is felt that most relevant is the potential utility of the Ur image analysis as a tool for planning rather than for comparative Ur analysis. A list of studies on city images is presented. Re theme (3) it is asked how one can generalize about landscapes as varied in scale as those of the US, in detail as those of England, or in age as those of China. Various authors quoted do it by way of art & literature, soc & intellectual history, folk-saying & everyday comment. Sci'ts accustomed to minimizing inference might prefer some of the more current behavioral techniques to these modes of inquiry. Re theme (4), it is stated that perhaps the most reliable indicators of human conceptual environments are human enviornmental actions. A number of studies carried out on the occurrence of drought in various countries are cited. It is concluded that in addition to sensitizing those who manage environment to the needs of those who use environments, studies of environmental perceptions & att's can make plans & designs more effective: insuring their fit for the place & even providing a vehicle for informing as well as studying public preference & taste. E. Weiman.