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Considers & reviews the problems within voting in the United States, pointedly of the presidential elections of 2000 & 2004, while tracing many of the problems, such as voter punch card difficulties as far back as their inception, in the 1970's. Couples these data with the Voting Rights Act, which it finds to have been a success as restriction of minorities in the south to voter registration & the polls to be negligible, with the caveat that such disenfranchisement could reoccur. While the situation for African-Americans seems acceptable, the same is not so true for Hispanics, not so much from racist action, but from Hispanic voter registration in relation to it demographic proportion within the whole population. Sees electronic voter technology as problematic ipso facto, not necessarily as being adverse to minority groups. The author asks the reader to consider the ramifications & meanings of having the right to vote in face of governmental acceptance of lower voting technology in light of economic pressures, along with inequalities of voting practices amongst differing areas of the country, ultimately pointing to a need for standardization of such practices. To sum up, this is not a problem that will go away until action is taken. Tables, Appendixes, References. J. Fullmer

Chronicles the history & achievements of the movement for voting rights in the US, which, since the 1950s, has been a keystone in the fight for political representation among racial minorities. Comparisons are made to movements for civil rights, women's suffrage, the abolition of slavery, & labor-organizing efforts, arguing that the voting rights movement is of no less importance in its goals or accomplishments. Legal dimensions of the movement are discussed, focusing on racial discrimination & the parity of individual election ballots. Ways that the current system of voting indirectly promotes racial discrimination are identified, & the creation of the single-member district system by the US Supreme Court in 1986 is commended. Implications for the use of such spatial distancing processes in attaining greater racial equality in voting are discussed, along with some limitations of the strategy. K. H. Stewart