Suchergebnisse

The world faces growing challenges of aging populations. Asia is no exception with rapidly increasing life expectancies and falling fertility rates. To help policy makers address these issues, this paper examines three sociopolicy options: (i) extending the retirement age, (ii) augmenting labor migration within the region, and (iii) through using population accounting methodology with the goal of increasing fertility rates. When the retirement age is extended from 65 to 70, the overall dependency ratio in 2050 would decline from 56.7% to 44.7%. If the 2010 dependency ratio were to be maintained, the region would need to import significant numbers of workers aged 15.44 even as those aged 45.64 would be in surplus. India, Pakistan, and the Philippines will be major sources of surplus labor. Raising fertility rates to the 2.1% replacement level will increase the dependency ratio for the time being, but will eventually reduce it over several decades depending on each countryfs demographic structure.

The population is a very interesting object of study. It is because human is the main actor in economic activity, especially in terms of the labor force. The population as a workforce is one aspect of the factors of production that will contribute to the economic growth in a particular region. If the working-age population and non-working age population is well facilitated, including the enactment of government policies regarding improving their productivity, the population growth would benefit the regional economy. Indonesia is a country with a large population so that it potentially has a large workforce for economic development. Therefore, this research aims to examine the effect of the working-age population on the labor force in Indonesia. To achieve this goal, this research uses a literature review method. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from BPS and BAPPENAS publications, books, and research articles. The discussion in this paper describes the development of the productive age population, employment issues in Indonesia, and the effect of the working-age population on employment in Indonesia. in conclusion, the high number of populations of productive age (demographic bonus) does not immediately occur. The working-age population greatly influences the workforce in Indonesia. The researchers hope that this article can be a reference for similar research in the future.Keywords: analysis, population, working-age, employment, IndonesiaPermasalahan kependudukan sangat menarik untuk dikaji dan dianalisis. Hal ini dikarenakan penduduk khususnya manusia merupakan pelaku utama dalam kegiatan ekonomi termasuk dalam hal ketenagakerjaan. Penduduk sebagai tenaga kerja merupakan salah satu variabel dalam faktor produksi yang akan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi di suatu wilayah. Bila komposisi penduduk usia produktif dan yang belum produktif dipfasilitasi dengan baik, termasuk adanya kebijakan pemerintah yang menfokuskan pada kemajuan produktivitas mereka, maka pertumbuhan penduduk dengan komposisi yang demikian akan menguntungkan perekonomian daerah tersebut. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan jumlah penduduk yang banyak sehinnga berpotensi memiliki tenaga kerja yang banyak untuk kemajuan ekonomi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian iin bertujian untuk menalaah pengaruh jumlah penduduk usia produktif terhadap kondisi ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia. Agar tujuan peneliti tercapai, peneliti menggunakan metode kajian pustaka. Data yang digunkan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari publikasi BPS, BAPPENAS, buku serta artikel penelitian yang relevan dengan tema kajian penelitian. Pembahasan pada tulisan ini memaparkan mengenai perkembangan penduduk usia produktif, problematika ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia, serta pengaruh penduduk usia produktif terhadap ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia. Beberapa hal yang dapat disimpulkan yaitu, Jumlah penduduk usia produktif yang tinggi (bonus demografi) tidak langsung terjadi, Jumlah penduduk usia produktif sangat berpengaruh pada ketengakerjaan di Indonesia. Penulis berharap artikel ini dapat menjadi referensi bagi penelitian sejenis. Kata kunci: analisis, penduduk, usia produktif, ketenagakerjaan, Indonesia

Nowadays Russia is under the economic reforms due to postindustrial development. The successful realization of this process requires elaborating how the population reacts on the reforms. The article is devoted to exploring the macroeconomic factors that influence on the mortality of the working-age population and are under the control of government. We obtained the indicators that characterize the dynamics of social and economic development. Then, they were divided into four groups such as macroeconomics, incomes, public health service, and disease rate. The statistical operations permitted to transform the indicators in every group in an integrated figure. Then the researchers conducted a regression analysis of the integrated figures and the mortality rates of the working-age population that proved the hypothesis of the research: the macroeconomic situation strongly influences the mortality rates of the working-age population. The obtained results should eliminate those fields of governmental policy being crucial for decreasing the mortality rates and, thus, for developing the human capital of Russia. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s5p102

The COVID-19 outbreak has expanded across the globe. Most of the countries are launching different measures to stop the transmission of this virus. However, the death toll is steadily rising. Strikingly the rate of coronavirus infection among the young-age population is the highest in SAARC countries as more than 80% population of the SAARC countries are young who constitute the working-age group. The disease transmission also occurs at a slower rate presumably due to diverse lifestyles of different ethnicities, immunity and genetic traits; but not because of the hot and humid weather despite previous assumptions. Since SAARC countries comprise 23.75% of the world population and the largest portion of these people is the young working-class, some immediate measures need to be implemented to save these valuable lives from COVID-19. Till now, there is no specific treatment or vaccine available; hence timely-taken preventive measures are the only hope that can save the people of this region. Here we have demonstrated an altered disease transmission pattern in people of SAARC countries, measures initiated by the governments, causes of failure and further actions to be taken to control disease transmission.