Suchergebnisse

"The governance of the European Union (EU) today represents a new form of legal pluralism. It involves relations between numerous sites of governance (Snyder 2000, 2002), encompassing the EU and its Member States but also including other institutions such as the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Both the European Court of Justice (ECJ) and the Court of First Instance (CFI) have contributed significantly to its construction. Especially since 1995, an increasing number of judicial decisions have created a dense web of relations between the EU, its Member States and the WTO. This chapter explores the ways in which the European courts have so far constructed this new form of multi-site governance. The chapter consists of three main parts, each focusing on a different strand in the emerging relations of multi-site governance. The first part discusses the integration of WTO law into EC law. The second part focuses on the position of individuals. The third part considers relations between WTO, the EU and the EU Member States. As summarised in conclusion, the European courts have articulated new relations between sites of governance which continue to reshape the distribution of law-making power in Europe." (author's abstract)

BY THE 1990'S, THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC ORDER HAD FORMED AROUND RATHER ORTHODOX NEOLIBERAL PRINCIPLES. AT CLOSE EXAMINATION, HOWEVER, THE NEW RULES OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, A SYMBOL OF NEOLIBERALISM, ARE FLEXIBLE AND ALLOW COUNTRIES TO CONTINUE TO PROMOTE THEIR INDUSTRIES UNDER THE BANNER OF PROMOTING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. THE SUCCESS FORMULA OF LATER INDUSTRIALIZATION--ALLOCATING SUBSIDIES IN EXCHANGE FOR MONITORABLE, RESULT-ORIENTED PERFORMANCE STANDARDS--IS STILL CONDONED. THE PROBLEMS BEDEVILING LATE-COMERS TODAY ARE NOT FORMAL LEGAL CONSTRAINTS BUT INFORMAL POLITICAL PRESSURES EXERTED BY NORTH ATLANTIC ECONOMIES IN FAVOR OF RADICAL MARKET OPENING. LATECOMERS LACK A VISION TO GUIDE THEM IN RESPONDING TO THIS PRESSURE.